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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Entanglement of Quasielastic Scattering and Pion Production

The extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters requires the determination of the neutrino energy from observations of the hadronic final state. Here we discuss the difficulties connected with this energy reconstruction for the ongoing experiments MiniBooNE and T2K. We point out that a lower limit to the uncertainty in the reconstructed energy from Fermi motion alone amounts to about 15%. The entanglement of very different elementary processes, in this case quasielastic scattering and pion production, in the actual observables leads to considerably larger errors. We discuss the sensitivity of the energy reconstruction to detection techniques and experimental acceptances. We also calculate the misidentification cross section for electron appearance in the T2K experiment due to neutral pion production.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of {nu}-bar{sub e}-e scattering cross section with CsI(Tl) detector array and the Beyond Standard Model constraints

A search of {nu}-bar{sub e}-e scattering cross section was carried out at the Kuo-Sheng nuclear power station. Based on 29882 and 7369 kg-days of reactor ON/OFF data, respectively, at an average reactor ON {nu}-bar{sub e} flux of 6.4x10{sup 12} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}, the standard model (SM) electroweak interaction was probed at the squared 4-momentum transfer range of Q{sup 2}{approx}3x10{sup -6} GeV{sup 2}. The ratio of experimental to SM cross section was measured [1.08{+-}0.21(stat){+-}0.16(sys)]. We placed the constraints on the electroweak parameters (g{sub V},g{sub A}), corresponding to a weak mixing angle measurement of sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub W} = 0.251{+-}0.031(stat){+-}0.024(sys). A Point Contact Germanium Detector (PCGe) of mass 1 kg has been installed at a new underground laboratory 'China Jin-Ping Laboratory (CJPL)' in China.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Imaging a nuclear reactor using cosmic ray muons

The passage of muons through matter is dominated by the Coulomb interaction with electrons and nuclei. The muon interaction with electrons leads to continuous energy loss and stopping of the muons. The muon interaction with nuclei leads to angular diffusion. We present experimental images of a nuclear reactor, the AGN-201M reactor at the University of New Mexico, using data measured with a particle tracker built from a set of sealed drift tubes. The data are compared with a geant4 model. In both the data and simulation, we identify specific regions corresponding to elements of the reactor structure, including its core, moderator, and shield.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Multiphoton ionization and stabilization of helium in superintense xuv fields

Multiphoton ionization of helium is investigated in the superintense field regime, with particular emphasis on the role of the electron-electron interaction in the ionization and stabilization dynamics. To accomplish this, we solve ab initio the time-dependent Schroedinger equation with the full electron-electron interaction included. By comparing the ionization yields obtained from the full calculations with the corresponding results of an independent-electron model, we come to the somewhat counterintuitive conclusion that the single-particle picture breaks down at superstrong field strengths. We explain this finding from the perspective of the so-called Kramers-Henneberger frame, the reference frame of a free (classical) electron moving in the field. The breakdown is tied to the fact that shake-up and shake-off processes cannot be properly accounted for in commonly used independent-electron models. In addition, we see evidence of a change from the multiphoton to the shake-off ionization regime in the energy distributions of the electrons. From the angular distribution, it is apparent that the correlation is an important factor even in this regime.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Testing the neutrality of matter by acoustic means in a spherical resonator

Measurements to test the neutrality of matter by acoustic means are reported. The apparatus is based on a spherical capacitor filled with gaseous SF{sub 6} excited by an oscillating electric field. The apparatus has been calibrated measuring the electric polarizability. Assuming charge conservation in the {beta} decay of the neutron, the experiment gives a limit of {epsilon}{sub p-e} < or approx. 1x10{sup -21} for the electron-proton charge difference, the same limit holding for the charge of the neutron. Previous measurements are critically reviewed and found to be inaccurate.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Electron-positron pair creation induced by quantum-mechanical tunneling

We study the creation of electron-positron pairs from the vacuum induced by two spatially displaced static electric fields. The strength and spatial width of each localized field is less than required for pair creation. If, however, the separation between the fields is less than the quantum-mechanical tunneling length associated with the corresponding quantum scattering system, the system produces a steady flux of electron-positron pairs. We compute the time dependence of the pair-creation probability by solving the Dirac equation numerically for various external field sequences. For the special case of two very narrow fields we provide an analytical expression for the pair-creation rate in the long-time limit.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exclusive π + electroproduction off the proton from low to high - t

Background: Measurements of exclusive meson production are a valuable tool in the study of hadronic structure. Specifically, one can discern the relevant degrees of freedom at different distance scales through these studies. Purpose: To study the transition between non-perturbative and perturbative Quantum Chromodyanmics as the square of four momentum transfer to the struck proton, –t, is increased. Method: Cross sections for the 1 H(e,e'π + )n reaction were measured over the –t range of 0.272 to 2.127 GeV 2 with limited azimuthal coverage at fixed beam energy of 4.709 GeV, Q 2 of 2.4 GeV 2 and W of 2.0 GeV at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) Hall C. Results: The –t dependence of the measured π + electroproduction cross section generally agrees with prior data from JLab Halls B and C. The data are consistent with a Regge amplitude based theoretical model, but show poor agreement with a Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) based model. Conclusion: The agreement of cross sections with prior data suggests small contribution from the interference terms, and the confirmation of the change in t-slopes between the low- and high -–t regions previously observed in photoproduction indicates the changing nature of the electroproduction reaction in our kinematic regime.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Analysis of polarization observables and radiative effects for the reaction p-bar+p{yields}e{sup +}+e{sup -}

The expressions for the differential cross section and polarization observables for the reaction p-bar+p{yields}e{sup +}+e{sup -} are given in terms of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the laboratory system, assuming the one-photon exchange. Radiative corrections due to the emission of virtual and real soft photons from the leptons are also calculated. Unlike in the center-of-mass system, they depend on the scattering angle. Polarization effects are derived in the case when the antiproton beam, the target, and the electron in the final state are polarized. Numerical estimations have been done for all observables, using models for the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region. The radiative corrections to the differential cross section are calculated as functions of the beam energy and electron angle.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Production of {omega}{pi}{sup 0} pairs in electron-positron annihilation

The process of electron-positron annihilation into a pair of {pi}{sup 0} and {omega} mesons is considered in the framework of the SU(2)xSU(2) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Contributions of intermediate photons, {rho}(770) and {rho}{sup '}(1450) vector mesons are taken into account. It is shown that the bulk of the cross section at energies below 2 GeV is provided by the process with intermediate {rho}{sup '}(1450) state. The contribution due to single photon and {rho}(770) exchange is in agreement with the vector meson dominance model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of the {sup 8}B solar neutrino flux with the KamLAND liquid scintillator detector

We report a measurement of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering rate from {sup 8}B solar neutrinos based on a 123 kton-day exposure of KamLAND. The background-subtracted electron recoil rate, above a 5.5-MeV analysis threshold is 1.49 {+-} 0.14(stat) {+-} 0.17(syst) events per kton-day. Interpreted as due to a pure electron flavor flux with a {sup 8}B neutrino spectrum, this corresponds to a spectrum integrated flux of 2.77 {+-} 0.26(stat) {+-} 0.32(syst) x10{sup 6} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1}. The analysis threshold is driven by {sup 208}Tl present in the liquid scintillator, and the main source of systematic uncertainty is due to background from cosmogenic {sup 11}Be. The measured rate is consistent with existing measurements and with standard solar model predictions which include matter-enhanced neutrino oscillation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗