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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Design, construction and evaluation of a 12.2 GHz, 4.0 kW-CW high efficiency klystron amplifier

An analytical and experimental program is described, for studying design techniques for optimizing the conversion efficiency of klystron amplifiers, and to utilize these techniques in the development and fabrication of an X-band 4 kW cw klystron, for use in satellite-borne television broadcast transmitters. The design is based on a technique for increasing the RF beam current by using the second harmonic space charge forces in the bunched beam. Experimental analysis was also made of a method to enhance circuit efficiency in the klystron cavities. The design incorporates a collector which is demountable from the tube to facilitate multistage depressed collector experiments employing an axisymmetric, electrostatic collector for linear beam microwave tubes.

Vishida, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Design, construction and evaluation of a 12.2 GHz, 4.0 kW-CW coupled-cavity traveling wave tube

An analytical and experimental program to study design techniques and to utilize these techniques to optimize the performance of an X-band 4 kW, CW traveling wave tube ultimately intended for satellite-borne television broadcast transmitters is described. The design is based on the coupled-cavity slow-wave circuit with velocity resynchronization to maximize the conversion efficiency. The design incorporates a collector which is demountable from the tube. This was done to facilitate multistage depressed collector experiments employing a NASA designed axisymmetric, electrostatic collector for linear beam microwave tubes after shipment of the tubes to NASA.

Ayers, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Design, construction and evaluation of a 12.045 GHz, 2.0 kW-cw permanent-magnet focused klystron amplifier

An analytical and experimental program to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a lightweight, high-efficiency, 1-2 kW cw, permanent magnet focused klystron operating at 12.0 GHz was described. The design is based on use of a samarium-cobalt permanent magnet for focusing of the electron beam and choice of the most optimum parameters for maximum efficiency. A filter-loaded output circuit is used for the required bandwidth. The design incorporates a collector which is demountable from the tube to facilitate multistage depressed collector experiments, permitting replacement with a NASA-designed axisymmetric, electrostatic collector for linear beam microwave tubes. A further requirement is that the focusing field between the last interaction gap and the collector decay in a prescribed manner referred to as adiabatic expansion.

Nishida, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Angular magnetic field beam improves efficiency in klystrons and traveling wave tubes

Special lens shaping allows variation of focusing strength with radius. Lens can be either converging or diverging depending on charge of particles and direction of angular magnetic field. There is potential use for lens in particle analyzers, electron beam welding systems, microwave tube refocusing systems, and possible display type devices.

Neugebauer, W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Refocusing properties of periodic magnetic fields

The use of depressed collectors for the efficient collection of spent beams from linear-beam microwave tubes depends on a refocusing procedure in which the space charge forces and transverse velocity components are reduced. The refocusing properties are evaluated of permanent magnet configurations whose axial fields are approximated by constant plateaus or linearly varying fields. The results provide design criteria and show that the refocusing properties can be determined from the plateau fields alone.

Stankiewicz, N.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Secondary-electron-emission properties of conducting surfaces with application to multistage depressed collectors for microwave amplifiers

To improve the efficiency of high power microwave tubes, low secondary electron yield electrode surface for use in depressed collectors are needed. The secondary emission characteristics of a number of materials were investigated. The materials studied were beryllium, carbon (soot and pyrolytic graphite), copper, titanium carbide, and tantalum. Both total secondary yield delta and relative reflected primary yield were measured. These measurements were made in conjunction with Auger spectroscopy so that the secondary emission characteristics could be determined as a function of surface contamination or purity. The results show that low atomic weight elements, such as beryllium and carbon, have the lowest reflected primary yield and that roughening the surface of an electrode can markedly decrease secondary yield both for delta and reflected primaries. All factors considered, a roughened pyrolytic graphite surface showed the greatest potential for use as an electrode surface in depressed collectors.

Forman, R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Life test studies on tungsten impregnated cathodes

NASA-Lewis Research Center has conducted an ongoing life test program on commercial impregnated tungsten cathodes since 1971. This brief is an update of the information as of December 1979. B-type cathodes, operated at 1100 C have been run in simulated microwave tubes at 2 A/sq cm for more than four years with about 6-percent degradation in current at a constant reference anode voltage. M-type cathodes have been operated for 30,000 h at a cathode temperature of 1010 C and 2 A/sq cm with no degradation in current as a constant reference anode voltage.

Forman, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Development program on a Spindt cold-cathode electron gun

A thin film field emission cathode (TFFEC) array and a cold cathode electron gun based on the emitter were developed. A microwave tube gun that uses the thin film field emission cathode as an electron source is produced. State-of-the-art cathodes were fabricated and tested. The tip-packing density of the arrays were increased thereby increasing the cathode's current density capability. The TFFEC is based on the well known field emission effect and was conceived to exploit the advantages of that phenomenon while minimizing the difficulties associated with conventional field emission structures, e.g. limited life and high voltage requirements. Field emission follows the Fowler-Nordheim equation.

Spindt, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Design and test of a 2.25-MW transformer rectifier assembly

A new 2.25-MW transformer rectifier assembly was fabricated for DSS-13 at Goldstone, California. The transformer rectifier will provide constant output power of 2.25 MW at any voltage from 31 kV to 125 kV. This will give a new capability of 1 MW of RF power at X-band, provided appropriate microwave tubes are in the power amplifier. A description of the design and test results is presented.

Cormier, R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Applications of thin film technology toward a low-mass solar power satellite

Previous concepts for solar power satellites have used conventional-technology photovoltaics and microwave tubes. The authors propose using thin film photovoltaics and an integrated solid state phased array to design an ultra-lightweight solar power satellite, resulting in a potential reduction in weight by a factor of ten to a hundred over conventional concepts for solar power satellites.

Landis, Geoffrey A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Integrated solar power satellites - An approach to low-mass space power

Previous concepts for solar power satellites have used conventional-technology photovoltaic arrays feeding a power collection and transmission system connected to microwave tubes used in a phased array antenna. This paper proposes using thin-film photovoltaics with an integrated solid-state phased-array to design an ultra-lightweight solar power satellite. The enabling technologies, conceptual designs, possible applications, and development steps are discussed. As these technologies evolve, their use results in a potential reduction in weight by a factor of ten to a hundred over conventional concepts for solar power satellites, and increases the utility by allowing service to smaller receivers at multiple receiving sites.

Landis, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Bonding Diamond To Metal In Electronic Circuits

Improved technique for bonding diamond to metal evolved from older technique of soldering or brazing and more suitable for fabrication of delicate electronic circuits. Involves diffusion bonding, developed to take advantage of electrically insulating, heat-conducting properties of diamond, using small diamond bars as supports for slow-wave transmission-line structures in traveling-wave-tube microwave amplifiers. No fillets or side coats formed because metal bonding strips not melted. Technique also used to mount such devices as transistors and diodes electrically insulated from, but thermally connected to, heat sinks.

Jacquez, Andrew E.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Integrated solar power satellites: An approach to low-mass space power

Previous concepts for solar power satellites have used conventional-technology photovoltaic arrays, feeding a power collection and transmission system connected to microwave tubes for direct current to radio frequency DC to RF conversion, which in turn are coupled to a phased array antenna. This paper proposes using thin-film photovoltaics with an integrated solid-state phased-array to design an ultra-lightweight solar power satellite. The status of the enabling technologies, conceptual designs, possible applications, and development steps are discussed. It is found that as these technologies evolve, their use in this design results in a potential reduction in weight by a factor of ten to a hundred over conventional concepts for solar power satellites, and increases the utility by allowing service to smaller receivers at multiple receiving sites.

Landis, Geoffrey A.↗
NASA NTRS1965

Traveling-wave tube circuit simplifies microwave relay

Circuit with a sawtooth-modulated traveling-wave tube, which acts as a frequency converter and as an amplifier, simplifies microwave transmission. Lower power losses and reduced size and weight are also realized in this circuit.

Allen, W. K.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Design, construction and long life endurance testing of cathode assemblies for use in microwave high-power transmitting tubes

The ability of state of the art cathode types to produce current densities of 2A/sq cm, respectively, over a minimum designed life of 30,000 hours of continuous operation without failures was demonstrated. The performance of the state of the art cathode types was evaluated by endurance testing while operating under identical electrical geometrical, and vacuum conditions that realistically duplicate the operating conditions present in a transmitter tube. Although there has been considerable life testing done on high current density types of cathodes, these have beem primarily limited to diodes. A diode and high power microwave tube are grossly different devices. A comparison of these two devices is provided. A diode and high power microwave tube are quite different; one could therefore assume different internal environments, especially in the cathode region. Therefore, in order to establish life capabilities of the cathodes just mentioned, they should be tested in a vehicle which has an internal environment similar to that of a high power microwave tube.

Gorshe, R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Design, construction and long life endurance testing of cathode assemblies for use in microwave high-power transmitting tubes

The cathode life test program sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center at Watkins-Johnson Company has been in continuous operation since 1972. Its primary objective has been to evaluate the long life capability of barium dispenser cathodes to produce emission current densities of 2 A sq. cm. or more in an operational environment simulating that of a highpower microwave tube. The life test vehicles were equipped with convergent flow electron guns, drift space tubes with solenoid magnets for electron beam confinement and water-cooled depressed collectors. A variety of cathode types has been tested, including GE Tungstate, Litton Impregnated, Philips Type B and M, Semicon types S and M, and Spectra-Mat Type M. Recent emphasis has been on monitoring the performance of Philips Type M cathodes at 2 A sq. cm. and Sprectra-Mat and Semicon Type M cathodes at 4 A sq. cm. These cathodes have been operated at a constant current of 616 mA and a cathode anode voltage on the order of 10 kV. Cathode temperatures were maintained at 1010 C true as measured from black body holes in the backs of the cathodes. This report presents results of the cathode life test program from July l982 through April l986. The results include hours of operation and performance data in the form of normalized emission current density versus temperature curves (Miram plots).

Batra, R.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The development of a multi-cathode electron gun

A multicathode electron gun, capable of automatically interchanging cathode structures of a microwave electron tube upon command was developed. This technique extends the life of a microwave electron tube into the range of fifty to one hundred years. The concept consists of mounting a number of cathode structures on a rotating platform. Rotation of the platform moves the different cathodes into operating position. The component tests, construction and operation of the gun are described.

Roberts, L. A.↗