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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Probing outflows in z = 1 ∼ 2 galaxies through Fe II/Fe II* multiplets

We report on a study of the 2300-2600 Å Fe II/Fe II* multiplets in the rest-UV spectra of star-forming galaxies at 1.0 < z < 2.6 as probes of galactic-scale outflows. We extracted a mass-limited sample of 97 galaxies at z ∼ 1.0-2.6 from ultra-deep spectra obtained during the GMASS spectroscopic survey in the GOODS South field with the Very Large Telescope and FORS2. We obtain robust measures of the rest equivalent width of the Fe II absorption lines down to a limit of W{sub r} > 1.5 Å and of the Fe II* emission lines to W{sub r} > 0.5 Å. Whenever we can measure the systemic redshift of the galaxies from the [O II] emission line, we find that both the Fe II and Mg II absorption lines are blueshifted, indicating that both species trace gaseous outflows. We also find, however, that the Fe II gas has generally lower outflow velocity relative to that of Mg II. We investigate the variation of Fe II line profiles as a function of the radiative transfer properties of the lines, and find that transitions with higher oscillator strengths are more blueshifted in terms of both line centroids and line wings. We discuss the possibility that Fe II lines are suppressed by stellar absorptions. The lower velocities of the Fe II lines relative to the Mg II doublet, as well as the absence of spatially extended Fe II* emission in two-dimensional stacked spectra, suggest that most clouds responsible for Fe II absorption lie close (3 ∼ 4 kpc) to the disks of galaxies. We show that the Fe II/Fe II* multiplets offer unique probes of the kinematic structure of galactic outflows.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

The Sommerfeld enhancement in the scotogenic model with large electroweak scalar multiplets

We investigate the Sommerfeld enhancement (SE) in the generalized scotogenic model with large electroweak multiplets. We focus on scalar dark matter (DM) candidate of the model and compare DM annihilation cross sections to WW , ZZ , γγ and γ Z at present day in the galactic halo for scalar doublet and its immediate generalization, the quartet in their respective viable regions of parameter space. We find that larger multiplet has sizable Sommerfeld enhanced annihilation cross section compared to the doublet and because of that it is more likely to be constrained by the current H.E.S.S. results and future CTA sensitivity limits.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Two-particle multiplets splitting as a guideline in nucleon pairing estimations

The ground state multiplet structure for nuclei over the wide range of mass number A was calculated in δ-approximation and different mass relations for pairing energy were analysed in this work. Correlation between the calculated multiplet structure and experimental data offers a guideline in deciding between mass relations for nucleon pairing.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Betti multiplets, flows across dimensions and c-extremization

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0; 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2d , similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4d . There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet, dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS 5 to AdS 3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS 3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

$\mathcal{N}$ = (1, 0) anomaly multiplet relations in six dimensions

We consider conformal and ’t Hooft anomalies in six-dimensional $\mathcal{N}$ = (1, 0) superconformal field theories, focusing on those conformal anomalies that determine the two- and three-point functions of conserved flavor and SU(2) R currents, as well as stress tensors. By analyzing these correlators in superspace, we explain why the number of independent conformal anomalies is reduced in supersymmetric theories. For instance, non- supersymmetric CFTs in six dimensions have three independent conformal c-anomalies, which determine the stress-tensor two- and three-point functions, but in superconformal theories the three c-anomalies are subject to a linear constraint. We also describe anomaly multiplet relations, which express the conformal anomalies of a superconformal theory in terms of its ’t Hooft anomalies. Following earlier work on the conformal a-anomaly, we argue for these relations by considering the supersymmetric dilaton effective action on the tensor branch of such a theory. We illustrate the utility of these anomaly multiplet relations by presenting exact results for conformal anomalies, and hence current and stress-tensor correlators, in several interacting examples.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Elucidating Anomalous Intensity Ratios in Chlorine L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Multiplet Effects and Core Rydberg Transitions

A relativistic core–valence-separated equation-of-motion coupled cluster (CVS-EOM-CC) study of chlorine L 2,3 -edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra using CH 3 Cl and CH 2 ICl as representative molecules is reported. The nearly identical intensity for the main features in the L 2 - and L 3 -edge XANES spectra is attributed to multiplet effects and the overlap between core–valence and core Rydberg transitions. The multiplet effects originating from the interaction between the core hole and the C–Cl σ* orbitals account for around half of the deviation of the L 3 and L 2 intensity ratio from the 2:1 ratio of the numbers of 2p 3/2 and 2p 1/2 electrons. The 2p 3/2 → 4s core Rydberg transitions are shown to overlap with the 2p 1/2 → σ* transitions and contribute to the other half of the intensity anomaly. Here, we demonstrate that triple excitations in CVS-EOM-CC calculations play important roles in accurate simulation of the overlap between the 2p 1/2 → σ* and 2p 3/2 → 4s transitions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Multiplet lines in seeded stimulated Mn 𝐾⁢𝛼 1 x-ray emission

We report the successful resolution of the multiplet structure of 𝐾⁢𝛼 1 x-ray emission in manganese (Mn) complexes through seeded stimulated x-ray emission spectroscopy (seeded S-XES). Using a femtosecond pump pulse above the Mn 𝐾 edge to generate simultaneous 1⁢𝑠 core holes, and a second-color tunable seed pulse to initiate the stimulated emission process, we were able to enhance individual lines within the 𝐾⁢𝛼 1 emission. This approach allows to resolve the fine multiplet features that are obscured by lifetime broadening in conventional (spontaneous) Mn 𝐾⁢𝛼 XES. The work builds on our previous observation that S-XES from Mn(II) and Mn(VII) complexes pumped at high intensities can exhibit stimulated emission without sacrificing the chemical sensitivity to oxidation states. Furthermore, this technique opens the door to controlled high-resolution electronic structure spectroscopy in transition-metal complexes beyond the core-hole lifetime, with potential applications in catalysis, inorganic chemistry, and materials science.

Chemical Physics & Physical Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2021

Isospin mixing and the cubic isobaric multiplet mass equation in the lowest T=2, A=32 quintet

The isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) is known to break down in the first T=2,A=32 isospin quintet. In this work we combine high-resolution experimental data with state-of-the-art shell-model calculations to investigate isospin mixing as a possible cause for this violation. The experimental data are used to validate isospin-mixing matrix elements calculated with newly developed shell-model Hamiltonians. Our analysis shows that isospin mixing with nonanalog T=1 states contributes to the IMME breakdown, making the requirement of an anomalous cubic term inevitable for the multiplet.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Revalidation of the isobaric multiplet mass equation for the A = 20 quintet

An unexpected breakdown of the isobaric multiplet mass equation in the A = 20, T = 2 quintet was recently reported, presenting a challenge to modern theories of nuclear structure. In the present work, the excitation energy of the lowest T = 2 state in Na-20 has been measured to be 6498.4 +/- 0.2 sta t ± 0.4 sys t keV by using the superallowed 0 + → 0 + beta decay of Mg-20 to access it and an array of high-purity germanium detectors to detect its gamma-ray deexcitation. This value differs by 27 keV (1.9 standard deviations) from the recommended value of 6525 ± 14 keV and is a factor of 28 more precise. The isobaric multiplet mass equation is shown to be revalidated when the new value is adopted.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Fine structure of pentaquark multiplets in the dynamical diquark model

In this work, we apply the dynamical diquark model to predict the spectrum of hidden-charm pentaquark states in both unflavored and open-strange sectors. Using only Hamiltonian parameters introduced in the tetraquark S - and P -wave multiplets, the model naturally produces the level spacing supported by the most recent LHCb results for P c structures. Furthermore, using model inputs obtained from data of hidden-charm, open-strange tetraquarks ( Z c s ), we predict the spectrum of P c s states, including the recently observed P c s ( 4459 ) . We find all pentaquark candidates observed to date to belong to the 1 P multiplet and hence have positive parity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1978

Overlapping emission peaks in the solar C I multiplets at lambda 1560 and lambda 1657

Observations of the C I multiplets at 1560 and 1657 A made with the University of Colorado spectrometer on the OSO 8 satellite are presented and compared with computed profiles for the Vernazza-Avrett-Loeser solar atmosphere. These are optically thick emission lines formed in the solar chromosphere that show the central reversals typical of such lines. In each multiplet there is an interesting case of overlapping emission peaks which shows that such peaks do not constructively combine but instead weaken. This behavior is easily understood and reproduced with an optically thick, non-LTE mode of formation for these lines and is not consistent with an optically thin mechanism. We also find that the shapes of these blends are very sensitive to the magnitude of the nonthermal microvelocities.

Shine, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The N III and O IV intersystem multiplets as density indicators for solar plasmas

The usefulness of the relative intensities of lines within the N III intersystem multiplet near 1750 A as an electron density indicator for solar plasmas is discussed. Although the relative intensities of lines in the multiplet are density sensitive, the intensity ratios should at present be used with caution. Errors of the order of 20% in transition probabilities and excitation rate coefficients can lead to order of magnitude errors in density determinations. It is demonstrated that the intensity ratio of one of the N III intersystem lines and an allowed line from a different ion may also be used as a density indicator in the 10 to the 9th to 10 to the 11th per cu cm regime.

Feldman, U.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Skylab observations of the solar C I multiplets at 1560- and 1657-A

Skylab spectrograph profile observations of the solar C I multiplets are presented, and the profile variations from center to limb and at various heights above the quiet solar limb are noted. These lines are of interest both because they are formed in the midchromosphere, thereby providing checks and constraints on chromospheric models, and because they are sensitive to the magnitude of the nonthermal microvelocities included in theoretical calculations. The present observations are compared with the C I profiles calculated by Shine et al (1978), discussing the many inconsistencies that emerge, notably between the observed and computed 1560/1657-A ratio and in the center-to-limb and above-the-limb variations of the integrated intensity. The multiplet central cores are discussed in terms of several microturbulent velocity structures.

Roussel-Dupre, D.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The optically thick C III spectrum. I - Term populations and multiplet intensities at lower optical depths

The C III spectrum is studied quantitatively under both optically thin and optically thick conditions, yielding term populations and line/multiplet intensities for column lengths from zero to 10 exp 18/sq cm. The roles of escape probabilities and line profiles in the calculation are discussed in some detail. It is shown that use of the fully integrated escape factor, rather than the more appropriate monodirectional escape probability, can lead to appreciable errors in calculated intensities. The results for populations and intensities make it possible to identify two unassigned features in the solar EUV spectrum of Vernazza and Reeves (1978) as C III multiplets, and to establish that an unidentified infrared solar feature at 8500.32 A, seen in both absorption (Fraunhofer) and emission (chromospheric) spectra, is the C III transition 2s3s(1S)-2s3p(1P). Voigt parameters for the C III lines and multiplets, obtained by a modified semiclassical method are tabulated. A new, unambiguous notation for the numerous line ratios present in a typical spectrum, which is argued to be an improvement over present arbitrary notations, is proposed and used.

Bhatia, A. K.↗
NASA NTRS2003

A New Fitting Procedure for the Blended He I 1083 nm Multiplet

The He I 1083 nm multiplet is a powerful tool for observing the outer solar atmosphere but is difficult to analyze because the lines are weak, highly variable, and spectrally blended, both internally and with other neighboring solar and telluric lines. After separation from nearby spectral features, two components of the He I multiplet are resolved. Fitting these lines with two unconstrained Gaussian profiles always gives a ratio of major to minor component of less than half the value which would be expected for optically thin lines. One possibility for explaining the discrepancy between the weakness of the lines and the ratio of the spectral components is to assume that the line formation regions are concentrated in laterally unresolved, optically thick structures with small filling factor. However, we present here a least-squares fitting technique using cubic splines with fixed breakpoints with the constraint that the blend is the sum of three identically shaped profiles shifted in wavelength according to the atomic structure of the blend and weighted by the corresponding statistics weights, in agreement with optically thin line formation. The basis functions for the fitting procedure have no built-in spectral symmetry or shape. The resulting underlying profiles tend to be asymmetric with excess absorption to the blue, consistent with formation by "hot" and "cool" spatial elements within the observed volume, with the hotter regions having differential motion toward the observer. The results agree well with NASA/XSO Spectromagnetograph observations in quiet sun and coronal holes. Partial funding of this research was provided through the NASA Sun-Earth Connection SR&T program.

Jones, H. P.↗
DOE OSTI2015

A comprehensive study of broad absorption line quasars. i. Prevalence of He i* absorption line multiplets in low-ionization objects

Neutral helium multiplets, He i* λλ3189,3889,10830, are very useful diagnostics for the geometry and physical conditions of the absorbing gas in quasars. So far only a handful of He i* detections have been reported. Using a newly developed method, we detected the He i*λ3889 absorption line in 101 sources of a well-defined sample of 285 Mg ii broad absorption line (BAL) quasars selected from SDSS DR5. This has increased the number of He i* BAL quasars by more than one order of magnitude. We further detected He i*λ3189 in 50% (52/101) of the quasars in the sample. The detection fraction of He i* BALs in Mg ii BAL quasars is ∼35% as a whole, and it increases dramatically with increasing spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), from ∼18% at S/N ⩽ 10 to ∼93% at S/N ⩾ 35. This suggests that He i* BALs could be detected in most Mg ii LoBAL quasars, provided the spectra S/N is high enough. Such a surprisingly high He i* BAL fraction is actually predicted from photoionization calculations based on a simple BAL model. The result indicates that He i* absorption lines can be used to search for BAL quasars at low z, which cannot be identified by ground-based optical spectroscopic surveys with commonly seen UV absorption lines. Using He i* λ3889, we discovered 19 BAL quasars at z<0.3 from the available SDSS spectral database. The fraction of He i* BAL quasars is similar to that of LoBAL objects.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Systematics of ground state multiplets of atomic nuclei in the delta-interaction approach

Pairing forces between nucleons in an atomic nucleus strongly influence its structure. One of the manifestations of pair interaction is the ground state multiplet (GSM) formation in the spectrum of low-lying excited states of even–even nuclei. The value of GSM splitting is determined by the value of pair interaction of nucleons; for each isotope, it can be estimated on the basis of experimental nuclear masses. The quality of this estimate is characterized by the degree of reproduction of GSM levels in the nucleus. The GSM systematics in even–even nuclei with a pair of identical nucleons in addition to the filled nuclear core is considered on the basis of delta interaction.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Large Charge‐Transfer Energy in LiFePO 4 Revealed by Full‐Multiplet Calculation for the Fe L 3 ‐edge Soft X‐ray Emission Spectra

Abstract We analyzed the Fe 3d electronic structure in LiFePO 4 /FePO 4 (LFP/FP) nanowire with a high cyclability by using soft X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) combined with configuration‐interaction full‐multiplet (CIFM) calculation. The ex situ Fe L 2,3 ‐edge resonant XES (RXES) spectra for LFP and FP are ascribed to oxidation states of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , respectively. CIFM calculations for Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ states reproduced the Fe L 3 RXES spectra for LFP and FP, respectively. In the calculations for both states, the charge‐transfer energy was considerably larger than those for typical iron oxides, indicating very little electron transfer from the O 2p to Fe 3d orbitals and a weak hybridization on the Fe−O bond during the charge–discharge reactions.

Asakura, Daisuke↗