Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Mapper”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1983

Evaluation of spatial, radiometric and spectral Thematic Mapper performance for coastal studies

A series of experiments were initiated to determine the feasibility of using thematic mapper spectral data to estimate wetlands biomass. The experiments were conducted using hand-held radiometers simulating thematic mapper wavebands 3, 4 and 5. Spectral radiance data were collected from the ground and from a low altitude aircraft in an attempt to gain some insight into the potential utility of actual thematic mapper data for biomass estimation in wetland plant communities. In addition, radiative transfer models describing volume reflectance of eight water column containing submerged aquatic vegetation were refined.

Klemas, V.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Thematic Mapper Spectral Dimensionality and Data Structure

Thematic Mapper data, simulated from field and laboratory spectrometer measurements of a variety of agricultural crops and a wide range of soils, are analyzed to determine their dispersion in the six space defined by the reflective TM bands (i.e., excluding the thermal band). While similar analyses of MSS data from agricultural scenes show that the vast majority of the MSS data occupy a single plane, the simulated TM data primarily occupy three dimensions, defining two intersecting planes and a zone of transition between the two. Viewing the plane of Vegetation head on provides a projection comparable to the single plane of MSS data. The Plane of Soils and transition zone represent new information made available largely as a result of the longer infrared bands included in the Thematic Mapper. A transformation, named the Thematic Mapper Tasseled Cap, is presented which rotates the TM data such that the described data structure is most readily accessible to view.

Crist, E. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The effect of spatial, spectral and radiometric factors on classification accuracy using thematic mapper data

An experiment of a factorial design was conducted to test the effects on classification accuracy of land cover types due to the improved spatial, spectral and radiometric characteristics of the Thematic Mapper (TM) in comparison to the Multispectral Scanner (MSS). High altitude aircraft scanner data from the Airborne Thematic Mapper instrument was acquired over central California in August, 1983 and used to simulate Thematic Mapper data as well as all combinations of the three characteristics for eight data sets in all. Results for the training sites (field center pixels) showed better classification accuracies for MSS spatial resolution, TM spectral bands and TM radiometry in order of importance.

Wrigley, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Validation of the Thematic Mapper radiometric and geometric correction algorithms

The radiometric and geometric correction algorithms for Thematic Mapper are critical to subsequent successful information extraction. Earlier Landsat scanners, known as Multispectral Scanners, produce imagery which exhibits striping due to mismatching of detector gains and biases. Thematic Mapper exhibits the same phenomenon at three levels: detector-to-detector, scan-to-scan, and multiscan striping. The cause of these variations has been traced to variations in the dark current of the detectors. An alternative formulation has been tested and shown to be very satisfactory. Unfortunately, the Thematic Mapper detectors exhibit saturation effects suffered while viewing extensive cloud areas, and is not easily correctable. The geometric correction algorithm has been shown to be remarkably reliable. Only minor and modest improvements are indicated and shown to be effective.

Fischel, D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A Concept for the Processing and Display of Thematic Mapper Data

The thematic mapper system provides spectral information in seven carefully selected spectral bands. The challenge is to devise the best approach for presenting this complex spectral information in a pictorial format which can be understood and accepted as a standard by the growing user community. For photointerpretation purposes, the overall approach in the processing of multispectral, and especially of Thematic Mapper data is based on the Independent definition and optimization of individual panchromatic and spectral (interpretive) components and the combined display of these individual interpretive components in a perceivable manner. Processing of the Thematic Mapper data within the framework of interpretive components requires the application of special intensity, hue, saturation (IHS) and synthetic stereo (SST) display techniques. The results to date using these techniques demonstrate improved visual separability of spectral surface categories relative to standard multispectral color composites as well as a greater potential for conducting meaningful spectral-diagnostic analysis.

Haydn, R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Thematic Mapper simulator research for forest resource mapping in the Clearwater National Forest, Idaho

Per-pixel maximum likelihood digital classification and photo interpretation of Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) composited images for a managed conifer forest were used to evaluate both land cover and forest structure characteristics. TMS channels 4, 7, 5 and 3, which were found to be optimal for forest vegetation analysis, used the full range of the Thematic Mapper's spectral capability. Photo interpretation results indicate that a false color composite from TMS channels 4, 7, and 2 provided the highest accuracies; the combination of improved spatial, spectral and radiometric resolution of the Thematic Mapper yielded greater sensitivity to forest structural characteristics.

Brass, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Moon Mineral Mapper (M3): A High Uniformity and High Precision Science Imaging Spectrometer in the Solar Reflected Spectrum

The Moon Mineralogy Mapper was selected as a NASA Discovery Mission of Opportunity in February 2005. At the core of this mission is an imaging spectrometer instrument with high spectral-spatial uniformity and high signal-to-noise ratio for the expected illumination conditions. The spectral range of the Moon Mineralogy Mapper is from 430 to 3000 nm with 10 nm spectral sampling. The radiometric range is from 0 to maximum expected radiance with 14 bit sampling. The spatial swath is nominally 40 Ian with 70 m spatial sampling. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper has both a global and target mode of data acquisition. In global spectral and spatial resolution full coverage of the Moon will be acquired. Target mode will be used to examine selected areas a full spectral and spatial resolution. The science objectives and mission and instrument characteristics are presented.

mapping↗
NASA NTRS1973

Feasibility test for a V-slit star mapper for pioneer spacecraft terminal navigation

A laboratory demonstration of the feasibility of using a V-slit star mapper to meet the sensitivity and accuracy of on-board navigational requirements for future Pioneer Missions to the outer planets was conducted by the Control and Sensors Laboratory of TRW. The breadboard was extremely simple in configuration, consisting of an end-on photomultiplier tube and a V-slit reticle located at the focal plane of the objective lens. In addition, a plano-convex lens was used between the reticle and the PMT in a Fabry-Perot configuration. The analytical effort indicated that the sensor should easily meet the requirements. The Pioneer SRA test set was examined to determine its basic accuracy and modify it where necessary to bring its accuracy into the 1-3 arc second range. The test results show that it is feasible to use this type of star mapper in the 10 arc second accuracy range. The test equipment accuracy (approximately 5 arc Sec) was sufficient to bound the sensor errors at less than 10 arc seconds.

Gates, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

LANDSAT-D thematic mapper simulation using aircraft multispectral scanner data

A simulation of imagery from the upcoming LANDSAT-D thematic mapper was accomplished by using selected channels of 24-channels aircraft multispectral scanner data. The purpose was to simulate thematic mapper 30-meter resolution imagery and compare its spectral quality with the original aircraft MSS data and determine changes in thematic classification accuracy for the simulated imagery. The original resolution of approximately 7.5 meters IFOV and simulated resolution of 15, 30, and 60 meters were used to indicate the trend of spectral quality and classification accuracy. The study was based in a 6.5 square kilometer area of urban Los Angeles having a diversity of land use.

Clark, J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Thematic mapper design parameter investigation

This study simulated the multispectral data sets to be expected from three different Thematic Mapper configurations, and the ground processing of these data sets by three different resampling techniques. The simulated data sets were then evaluated by processing them for multispectral classification, and the Thematic Mapper configuration, and resampling technique which provided the best classification accuracy were identified.

Colby, C. P., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Landsat-D thematic mapper simulation using aircraft multispectral scanner data

A simulation of imagery from the upcoming Landsat-D Thematic Mapper was accomplished by using selected channels of aircraft 24-channel multispectral scanner data. The purpose was to simulate Thematic Mapper 30-meter resolution imagery, to compare its spectral quality with the original aircraft MSS data, and to determine changes in thematic classification accuracy for the simulated imagery. The original resolution of approximately 7.5 meters IFOV and simulated resolution of 15, 30, and 60 meters were used to indicate the trend of spectral quality and classification accuracy. The study was based in a 6.5 square kilometer area of urban Los Angeles having a diversity of land use. The original imagery was reduced in resolution by two related methods: pixel matrix averaging, and matrix smoothing with a unity box filter, followed by matrix averaging. Thematic land use classification using training sites and a Bayesian maximum-likelihood algorithm was performed at three levels of standard deviation - 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 sigma. Plots of relative standard deviation showed that for larger training sites with a normal distribution of data, as the resolution decreased, the distribution range of density values decreased. Also, the classification accuracies for three levels of standard deviation increased as resolution decreased. However, the indication is that a point of diminishing returns had been reached, and 30 meters IFOV should be the best for multispectral classification of urban scenes.

Clark, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Space images of the future - Landsat-C and Thematic Mapper

The article discusses the five-channel multispectral scanner and the panchromatic forty-meter-resolution return-beam vidicon cameras designed for Landsat C. The thematic mapper device, a second-generation multispectral scanner employing six channels and thirty-meter resolutions which is presently planned by NASA, is also described. Brief attention is given to the heat capacity mapper, coastal zone color scanner, and Seasat synthetic aperture radar.

Stoney, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Landsat-D thematic mapper simulation in an urban area using aircraft multispectral scanner data

A simulation of imagery from the Landsat-D thematic mapper was conducted in order to determine its usefulness for urban land-use classification. Aircraft 24-channel multispectral scanner imagery of the Los Angeles area at 7.5-m resolution was processed digitally by means of matrix averaging and image smoothing techniques to simulate the 30-m resolution of the thematic mapper. Mean and standard deviation statistics of training sites for resolutions of 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 m were used to generate final classification maps. Plots of relative standard deviation showed that for larger training sites, as the resolution decreased, the distribution range of density values also decreased, while plots of relative classification accuracies showed that as resolution decreased, classification accuracies for three levels of standard deviation increased. A point of diminishing returns was indicated, however, confirming the utility of the resolution intended for Landsat-D.

Clark, J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Thematic mapper design parameter investigation

Simulated multispectral data sets used in the Thematic Mapper design parameter investigation are analyzed. The sets were produced by processing high-resolution digital multispectral data through models of the various Thematic Mapper configurations and then through three resampling techniques as a simulation of ground processing. Emphasis is placed on classification processing and analysis of results.

Colby, C. P., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Thematic Mapper - An interim report on anticipated performance

The requirements and design concept of the Thematic Mapper are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the anticipated on-orbit performance based on subsystem and system level test results obtained from Engineering Model and Protoflight Model hardware. The anticipated performance of the Thematic Mapper is discussed in four key areas: spectral response, radiometric sensitivity, square-wave response, and band-to-band registration.

Engel, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Analysis of thematic mapper simulator data collected over eastern North Dakota

The results of the analysis of aircraft-acquired thematic mapper simulator (TMS) data, collected to investigate the utility of thematic mapper data in crop area and land cover estimates, are discussed. Results of the analysis indicate that the seven-channel TMS data are capable of delineating the 13 crop types included in the study to an overall pixel classification accuracy of 80.97% correct, with relative efficiencies for four crop types examined between 1.62 and 26.61. Both supervised and unsupervised spectral signature development techniques were evaluated. The unsupervised methods proved to be inferior (based on analysis of variance) for the majority of crop types considered. Given the ground truth data set used for spectral signature development as well as evaluation of performance, it is possible to demonstrate which signature development technique would produce the highest percent correct classification for each crop type.

Anderson, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A quantitative applications-oriented evaluation of Thematic Mapper design specifications

Simulated Thematic Mapper data sets were created from aircraft Multispectral Scanner data in order to predict the sensitivity of applications-oriented classification results to variations in selected sensor parameters. It was found that band-to-band misregistration as little as 0.3 pixel can have a pronounced effect on the classification of both field-center pixels and pixels associated with edges and small objects in the scene. It was also determined that a significant improvement in classification accuracy could be achieved if the resolution of the thermal band of the Thematic Mapper were comparable to the resolution of its other spectral bands.

Swain, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

LANDSAT 4 investigations of thematic mapper and multispectral scanner applications

Initial data screening, data handling and program testing were completed on the four-band Detroit scene and the seven-band northeast Arkansas scene. Data were received in early December for one primary eastern test site (Washington, D.C.) and one secondary eastern test site (Allegheny National Forest). A comprehensive digital data base was built for a portion of the Black Hills test site and is composed of historic LANDSAT MSS data; elevation, slope, and aspect data; land cover data; geologic data; thematic mapper simulator data; and digitized high altitude aircraft data. The thematic mapper and multispectral scanner data of the Washington area were resampled at 25 and 50 meters respectively, with map projection to UTM grid.

Lauer, D. T.↗