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Emissions of N2O from tropical forest soils - Response to fertilization with NH4(+), NO3(-), and PO4(3-)

Undisturbed oxisols in a central Amazon tropical forest were fertilized with ammonium, nitrate, or phosphate. Enhanced emissions of N2O were observed for all treatments within one day of fertilization, with the response NO3(-) much greater than NH4(+) much greater than PO4(3-). Approximately, 0.5 percent of applied NO3(-) was converted to N2O within two weeks after application, with less than 0.1 percent of the NH4(+) converted to N2O. These experiments reveal a potentially large source of N2O from microbial reduction of NO3(-) in the clay soils of Amazonia.

Keller, M.↗

Deposition, Accumulation, and Alteration of Cl(-), NO3(-), ClO4(-) and ClO3(-) Salts in a Hyper-Arid Polar Environment: Mass Balance and Isotopic Constraints

The salt fraction in permafrost soils/sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica can be used as a proxy for cold desert geochemical processes and paleoclimate reconstruction. Previous analyses of the salt fraction in MDV permafrost soils have largely been conducted in coastal regions where permafrost soils are variably affected by aqueous processes and mixed inputs from marine and stratospheric sources. We expand upon this work by evaluating permafrost soil/sediments in University Valley, located in the ultraxerous zone where both liquid water transport and marine influences are minimal. We determined the abundances of Cl(-), NO3(-, ClO4(-)and ClO3(-)in dry and ice-cemented soil/sediments, snow and glacier ice, and also characterized Cl(-) and NO3(-) isotopically. The data are not consistent with salt deposition in a sublimation till, nor with nuclear weapon testing fall-out, and instead point to a dominantly stratospheric source and to varying degrees of post depositional transformation depending on the substrate, from minimal alteration in bare soils to significant alteration (photodegradation and/or volatilization) in snow and glacier ice. Ionic abundances in the dry permafrost layer indicate limited vertical transport under the current climate conditions, likely due to percolation of snowmelt. Subtle changes in ClO4(-)/NO3(-) ratios and NO3(-) isotopic composition with depth and location may reflect both transport related fractionation and depositional history. Low molar ratios of ClO3(-)/ClO4(-) in surface soils compared to deposition and other arid systems suggest significant post depositional loss of ClO3(-), possibly due to reduction by iron minerals, which may have important implications for oxy-chlorine species on Mars. Salt accumulation varies with distance along the valley and apparent accumulation times based on multiple methods range from approximately 10 to 30 kyr near the glacier to 70-200 kyr near the valley mouth. The relatively young age of the salts and relatively low and homogeneous anion concentrations in the ice-cemented sediments point to either a mechanism of recent salt removal, or to relatively modern permafrost soils (less than 1 million years). Together, our results show that near surface salts in University Valley serve as an end-member of stratospheric sources not subject to biological processes or extensive remobilization.

cold desert geochemical processes↗

Materials Data on CuH8C4(NO3)2 by Materials Project

CuC4H8(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one CuC4H8(NO3)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cu2+ is bonded in a distorted octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.58 Å. There are two inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one N3-, one H1+, and one O2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.33 Å. The C–H bond length is 1.11 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.25 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one H1+ and two O2- atoms. The C–H bond length is 1.11 Å. Both C–O bond lengths are 1.27 Å. N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C2+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ and one C2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one C2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ti(NO3)4 by Materials Project

Ti(NO3)4 is beta Sn-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four Ti(NO3)4 clusters. Ti4+ is bonded in a distorted hexagonal bipyramidal geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.12 Å. There are four inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.20–1.32 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.20–1.32 Å. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.20–1.32 Å. In the fourth N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.20–1.31 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ti4+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CuSnH12(NO3)2 by Materials Project

CuSnH12(NO3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of one CuSnH12(NO3)2 ribbon oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cu2+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two equivalent N3- and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Cu–N bond lengths are 1.98 Å. Both Cu–O bond lengths are 2.02 Å. Sn4+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.13 Å. N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cu2+ and three H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+, one Sn4+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sn4+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sn4+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CsH5S2(NO3)2 by Materials Project

CsH5S2(NO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two CsH5S2(NO3)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cs1+ is bonded to eight O2- atoms to form distorted CsO8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent CsO8 hexagonal bipyramids, corners with six SNO3 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent CsO8 hexagonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one SNO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.45 Å. There are two inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two H1+ and one S2- atom. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. The N–S bond length is 1.67 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ and one S2- atom. There is two shorter (1.04 Å) and one longer (1.06 Å) N–H bond length. The N–S bond length is 1.80 Å. There are five inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to one N5+ and three O2- atoms to form SNO3 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CsO8 hexagonal bipyramids and an edgeedge with one CsO8 hexagonal bipyramid. There is two shorter (1.47 Å) and one longer (1.49 Å) S–O bond length. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to one N5+ and three O2- atoms to form distorted SNO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CsO8 hexagonal bipyramids. There is one shorter (1.44 Å) and two longer (1.46 Å) S–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and one S2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs1+ and one S2- atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and one S2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Eu(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Eu(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Eu(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Eu3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Eu–O bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.67 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.30 Å) N–O bond length. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Eu3+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Y(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Y(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Y3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.76 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.31 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Tm(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Tm(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Tm(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Tm3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Tm–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.81 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.23–1.32 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Tm3+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on UH16C4(NO3)2 by Materials Project

UC4H16(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two UC4H16(NO3)2 clusters. U4+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (1.85 Å) and two longer (2.32 Å) U–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent C+0.50- sites. In the first C+0.50- site, C+0.50- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form corner-sharing CH3N tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the second C+0.50- site, C+0.50- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form corner-sharing CH3N tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two C+0.50- and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 1.41 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.50- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.50- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.50- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.50- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.50- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.50- atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one U4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one U4+, one N3-, and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Te(NO3)2 by Materials Project

Te(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two Te(NO3)2 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. N4+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.14 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) N–O bond length. Te4+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Te–O bond lengths are 1.89 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one N4+ and one Te4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ho(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Ho(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Ho(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ho3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.68 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.26–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.31 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Ho3+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Gd(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Gd(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Gd(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Gd3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Gd–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.72 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.31 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Gd3+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Cr(NO3)5 by Materials Project

Cr(NO3)5 is alpha Selenium structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3_221 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of three Cr(NO3)5 clusters. Cr5+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cr–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.07 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) N–O bond length. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.30 Å. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.21 Å) and two longer (1.31 Å) N–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Cr5+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cr5+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cr5+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Yb(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Yb(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Yb(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Yb3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Yb–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.73 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.27 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.25 Å) and two longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.29 Å) N–O bond length. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Yb3+ and one N5+ atom.

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Materials Data on CoH4C4(NO3)2 by Materials Project

CoC4H4(NO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two CoC4H4(NO3)2 sheets oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Co2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–1.96 Å. There are two inequivalent C3+ sites. In the first C3+ site, C3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one N3-, one H1+, and one O2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.29 Å. The C–H bond length is 1.10 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.32 Å. In the second C3+ site, C3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one H1+ and two O2- atoms. The C–H bond length is 1.10 Å. Both C–O bond lengths are 1.28 Å. N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C3+ atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co2+ and one C3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co2+ and one C3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co2+ and one C3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Dy(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Dy(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Dy(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Dy3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.73 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.31 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Dy3+ and one N5+ atom.

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Materials Data on CdH4CS2(NO3)2 by Materials Project

CdCH4S2(NO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four CdCH4S2(NO3)2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Cd2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent S2- and four O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.70 Å) and one longer (2.71 Å) Cd–S bond lengths. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.33 Å. C4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N3+ and one S2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.32 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.77 Å. There are two inequivalent N3+ sites. In the first N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.04 Å) N–H bond length. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3+ atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3+ atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3+ atom. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cd2+ and one C4+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.52 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cd2+ and one S2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cd2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cd2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cd2+ and one S2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗