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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2013

Powerpack Testing of the J2-X Oxidizer Turbopump

The J-2X PPA-2 (Powerpack 2) test series was conducted from February through December 2012 on the A1 test stand at NASA Stennis Space Center in a joint effort between Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The series consisted of 13 tests for a total hotfire duration close to 6500 seconds. Among the chief test objectives was characterization of the capabilities of the new J-2X turbopumps. This paper concentrates on the test results pertaining specifically to the Oxidizer Turbopump (OTP) operation in liquid oxygen (LOX). The two bladed inducer configuration that was tested had a 0.81% blade height tip clearance and incorporated the B-groove modification to the inducer tunnel outboard of the inducer leading edge. Data was collected on inducer suction performance, pump radial loading, and the pump dynamic environment in LOX. Comparisons were made to prior data collected on two geometrically similar subscale inducers tested in water at NASA MSFC (70% scale) and Concepts NREC (52% scale). In overview, the results of the powerpack testing were consistent with the radial load assessment from the water tests. The inducer performed differently in the other two categories, however. The inducer suction performance capability in LOX was notably improved. This was expected and is probably attributable to thermal suppression head (TSH) effects. While the dynamic environment was similar in most aspects to water test observations, the higher order cavitation (HOC) during the powerpack testing was much more benign.

Jambusaria, Mitul↗
NASA NTRS2015

Data Concentrator

Orbital Research, Inc., developed, built, and tested three high-temperature components for use in the design of a data concentrator module in distributed turbine engine control. The concentrator receives analog and digital signals related to turbine engine control and communicates with a full authority digital engine control (FADEC) or high-level command processor. This data concentrator follows the Distributed Engine Controls Working Group (DECWG) roadmap for turbine engine distributed controls communication development that operates at temperatures at least up to 225 C. In Phase I, Orbital Research developed detailed specifications for each component needed for the system and defined the total system specifications. This entailed a combination of system design, compiling existing component specifications, laboratory testing, and simulation. The results showed the feasibility of the data concentrator. Phase II of this project focused on three key objectives. The first objective was to update the data concentrator design modifications from DECWG and prime contractors. Secondly, the project defined requirements for the three new high-temperature, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs): one-time programmable (OTP), transient voltage suppression (TVS), and 3.3V. Finally, the project validated each design by testing over temperature and under load.

Willett, Mike↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Artemis and Ethics Workshop Lessons Learned

As NASA lays out its Artemis activities, it expects to set precedents in spaceflight for decades to come. Artemis is a far more ambitious program than even Apollo, aimed at developing a sustained human presence on and around the lunar surface, in preparation for Mars exploration. As a result, considering ethical and social concerns in the discussion and design of Artemis is vital to ensuring the future worlds we create are ones where humanity collectively wants to live. By understanding how to reflect on these issues as NASA makes decisions related to Artemis, NASA can avoid unintended consequences stemming from cultural perceptions of human exploration of the solar system that may harm society. We recognize that a diverse range of groups need to be part of this conversation. There are many different views about the work that should happen in space. We recognize that NASA does not hold sole responsibility for determining the ethical path forward in space, as decisions made by commercial, international, and intergovernmental partners play a major role. Inclusive conversations help inform that work. Others have already argued that social scientists and engineers need to work together with inputs from stakeholders to design the future. To begin to answer this need, NASA’s Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) hosted an Artemis and Ethics Workshop. This workshop was held in Washington, DC from April 12th-14th, 2023 and brought together invited experts in social science fields and NASA managers to discuss ethical, legal, and social aspects (ELSA) of Artemis and human exploration in general. The goal of the workshop was to discuss issues and build connections that NASA managers can consider across variety of ethical issues surrounding Artemis.

Katherine T McBrayer↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Artemis and Ethics Workshop Lessons Learned

As NASA lays out its Artemis activities, it expects to set precedents in spaceflight for decades to come. Including ethical and social considerations in Artemis planning will improve the likelihood that the future we create is one where humanity collectively wants to live. NASA’s Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) hosted an Artemis and Ethics Workshop. This workshop was held at NASA’s Mary Jackson Headquarters in Washington, DC from April 12th -14th 2023 and brought together invited experts in social science, humanities, and technical fields to discuss ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of Artemis and human exploration in general. The two key study questions that the workshop aimed to address were: 1) How should NASA consider the ELSI of the Artemis and Moon to Mars efforts?; and 2) What are the key ethical and societal implications that need consideration? After briefly summarizing the formal workshop report, this paper addresses the lessons learned from implementing an interdisciplinary workshop of this nature, and from reflecting on the complexities of societal implications long-term. Issues of breadth vs depth, preparing people to engage across cultures, and allowing for structured brainstorming of specific issues are of particular importance. We also reflect on the limits of a workshop full of experts for addressing these issues and note ways in which other participatory processes or adjustments to policy practices may be worthwhile.

Artemis↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Artemis and Ethics Workshop Lessons Learned

As NASA lays out its Artemis activities, it expects to set precedents in spaceflight for decades to come. Including ethical and social considerations in Artemis planning will improve the likelihood that the future we create is one where humanity collectively wants to live. NASA’s Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) hosted an Artemis and Ethics Workshop. This workshop was held at NASA’s Mary Jackson Headquarters in Washington, DC from April 12th-14th 2023 and brought together invited experts in social science, humanities, and technical fields to discuss ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of Artemis and human exploration in general. The two key study questions that the workshop aimed to address were: 1) How should NASA consider the ELSI of the Artemis and Moon to Mars efforts?; and 2) What are the key ethical and societal implications that need consideration? After briefly summarizing the formal workshop report, this paper addresses the lessons learned from implementing an interdisciplinary workshop of this nature, and from reflecting on the complexities of societal implications long-term. Issues of breadth vs depth, preparing people to engage across cultures, and allowing for structured brainstorming of specific issues are of particular importance. We also reflect on the limits of a workshop full of experts for addressing these issues and note ways in which other participatory processes or adjustments to policy practices may be worthwhile.

Artemis↗
NASA NTRS2024

Autonomy to Enable NASA Missions from Aeronautics to Space

2024 ASCEND Call for Sessions Session Format: Panel Session Topic: Space Exploration and Infrastructure: Exploring, Living, and Working in Space (The panel must map to one of six Session Topics - https://www.ascend.events/presenters/call-for-sessions/#sessiontopics) Title: Autonomy to Enable NASA Missions from Aeronautics to Space Short Session Description: In this panel discussion the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will discuss the role that autonomy and Artificial Intelligence (AI) will play as humanity moves off-world. Recent advances in general autonomy tools are changing the way NASA and its partners leverage autonomy for its air and space initiatives, including Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) concepts and potential lunar and Martian operations. The panelists will consist of autonomy subject matter experts familiar with the current state of the art for autonomy across both aeronautical and space domains. They will discuss how those technologies could evolve as operations become more complex and which autonomy technologies can be used in both the space and aeronautical domains. For example, perhaps autonomy work originally developed for terrestrial applications, like Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), could be applied to off-world lunar and Martian applications and vice versa. Additionally, the panel will address common misconceptions of these technologies, obstacles to implementation, and possible solutions for overcoming those obstacles. Join NASA in exploring how research activities can align to streamline autonomy development efforts, advancing NASA's goals to expand humanity's reach beyond Earth for the benefit of all. Contact Information: • Dr. Adam Yingling • Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) • Adam.j.yingling@nasa.gov, 703-416-9129 Session Length: 1.25 hours, 75 minutes Extended Description: Moderator: Dr. Adam Yingling, NASA, Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy Panel Speakers: • Autonomy Forum Principals o Dr. Charles Norton, Deputy Chief Technologist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) o Dr. Carolyn Mercer, Chief Technologist, Space Mission Directorate (SMD) o Dr. Parimal Kopardekar (PK), Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Integration Manager o Danette Alan, NASA, Senior Leader for Autonomous Systems, Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) o Duane Armstrong, Intelligent Systems Lead, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASL) Panel Format: • Introduction (10 min): The panel moderator will provide a 10-minute session introduction that will include an overview NASA’s Moon to Mars architecture, AAM autonomy research, and an introduction of the principals as panel speakers. • Moderated Session Part 1 (30 min): There will be a 30-minute moderated session among the moderator and the five autonomy principals to discuss the current state of art for autonomy and how work developed in one domain may be applicable to other domains; including the merits and challenges for implementing those technologies. • Moderated Session Part 2 (25 min): The moderator will then ask the principals to consider how technologies developed across all the domains might be able to address the most salient challenges identified in the previous session. • Q&A (10 min): The session will conclude with 10-minutes of audience Q&A. Session Goals and Outcomes: The session goals are 1) to communicate the importance of autonomy for both aeronautical and space mission, 2) Investigate potential synergies across autonomy research efforts that will enable scalable operations, and 3) to receive community feedback as NASA leverages autonomy to evolve aviation on Earth and enable humanity to live and work off-world.

Aerospace↗
NASA NTRS2023

Lunar Landing and Operations Policy Analysis

At least 22 lunar missions are planned in the next four years. Half of these missions will occur in the Moon’s south polar region. Due to this upcoming proliferation of actors and activities at or near the lunar south pole, and due to the potential close proximity of operations, NASA and other operators will face challenges never faced before. NASA’s Deputy Administrator and Associate Administrator of the Science Mission Directorate tasked the Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy with answering two questions related to the Artemis campaign: (1) what technical and policy considerations should NASA take into account in the selection of lunar landing and operations sites, and (2) what technical and policy considerations should NASA take into account when implementing tools such as safety zones in order to protect these operations and U.S. interests? We present policy tools (options and recommendations) to NASA leadership and program planners so that they can consider policy measures to respond to challenges inherent in landing and operating at the lunar South Pole—this answers question one. We also describe a set of options (transparency, coordination, and implementation) to increase the effectiveness of these tools—this answers question two.

Lunar policy↗