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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

The measurement of ultraviolet radiation and sunburn time over southern Ontario

Studies of the depletion of ozone which have been conducted from the TOMS instrument on the NIMBUS 7 satellite indicate that total ozone has declined by 5 percent over the last 12 years at most mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere typical of southern Ontario. The measurement of the actual resultant increases in UVB is now important. A monitoring program of UVB (biologically active solar ultraviolet radiation) has been conducted for the last 24 months at a site near Bolton, Ontario. The sunburn time varies from less than 17 minutes in late July, to over 4 hours in December on clear days. The levels depend on solar insolation and total ozone column. The ultraviolet levels are strongly affected by cloud and sky conditions. The implications of present and future depletion on the sunburn time are discussed.

Evans, W. F. J.↗
NASA NTRS2024

Winter Lightning to the Lee of Lake Ontario: The Lake-Effect Electrification (LEE) Field Campaign

The National Science Foundation-sponsored Lake-Effect Electrification (LEE) field campaign intensive observation periods occurred between November and early February 2022-23 across the eastern Lake Ontario region. Project LEE documented, for the first time, the total lightning and electrical charge structures of lake-effect storms and the associated storm environment using a lightning mapping array (LMA), a mobile dual-polarization X-band radar, and balloon-based soundings that measured vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, wind, electric field, and hydrometeor types. LEE also observed abundant wind turbine-initiated lightning, which is climatologically more likely during the winter. The frequent occurrence of intense lake-effect storms and the proximity of a wind farm with nearly 300 turbines each more than 100 m tall to the lee of Lake Ontario provided an ideal laboratory for this study.

Scott M Steiger↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bayesian time-varying occupancy model for West Nile virus in Ontario, Canada

Occupancy models determine the true presence or absence of a species by adjusting for imperfect detection in surveys. They often assume that species presences can be detected only if sites are occupied during a sampling season. We extended these models to estimate occupancy rates that vary throughout a sampling season as well as account for spatial dependence among sites. For these methods, we constructed a fast Gibbs sampler with the Pólya-Gamma augmentation strategy to conduct inference on covariate effects. We applied these methods to evaluate how environmental conditions and surveillance practices are associated with the presence of West Nile virus in mosquito traps across Ontario, Canada from 2002 to 2017. We found that urban land cover and warm temperatures drove viral occupancy, whereas viral testing on pools with higher proportions of Culex mosquitoes was more likely to result in a positive test for West Nile virus. Models with time-varying occupancy effects achieved much lower Watanabe-Akaike information criteria than models without such effects. Our final model had strong predictive performance on test data that included some of the most extreme seasons, demonstrating the promise of these methods in the study of pathogens spread by mosquito vectors.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Changes in Sedimentary Phosphorus Burial Following Artificial Eutrophication of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario, Canada

Lake 227 of the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in Ontario, Canada has been fertilized with phosphorus (P) since 1969, which resulted in a rapid transition from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. Sediment cores collected from the oxygenated epilimnion and the mostly anoxic hypolimnion of this unique lake contain a historical record of the changes in sediment P speciation and burial rates across the trophic transition. To elucidate these changes, results of chemical extractions were combined with 210 Pb sediment dating, and with 31 P NMR, Mössbauer and XANES spectroscopies. Prior to 1969, organic P (P Org ) was the major sedimentary P sink in Lake 227. Eutrophication of the lake coincided with marked increases in the burial rate of total P (TP), as well as in the relative contribution of the NaHCO 3 -extractable P pool (humic-bound P, P Hum ). Together, P Hum and P Org account for ≥70% of total P burial in the sediments deposited since artificial fertilization started. The P Hum fraction likely comprises phosphate complexes with humic substances. The strong linear correlation between P and iron (Fe) extracted by NaHCO 3 implies a close association of the two elements in the humic fraction. Mössbauer and XANES spectra further indicate that most Fe in the post-1969 sediments remained in the Fe(III) oxidation state, which is attributed to the stabilization of reducible Fe by organic matter, in part via the formation of phosphate-Fe(III)-humic complexes. Importantly, our results show that the eutrophication experimentation of Lake 227 caused the accumulation of a large reservoir of reactive sediment P, which may continue to fuel internal P loading to the water column once artificial fertilization is terminated.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

AmeriFlux US-NYe NYSM - Ontario

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-NYe NYSM - Ontario. Site Description - Located in an orchard setting. It is in an open grassy area near vineyard/orchard, small pond to the south. Obstructions within 100m include orchard/vineyard, small pond. The soil type is loam. This site is a part of the New York State Mesonet Flux Network, one of multiple subnetworks (e.g. Profiler, Snow) operated by the New York State Mesonet. It also operates as a Profiler and Standard meteorological site.

Miller, Scott [University at Albany]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ontario International Airport Fleet Electrification Blueprint: Zero-Emission Vehicle Technology Assessment for Energy Optimization [Slides]

Ontario International Airport Authority (OIAA)'s Electric Vehicle (EV) Blueprint project presentation focuses on the possibilities for fleet electrification, including medium heavy duty charging and hydrogen refueling and their associated planning, infrastructure, operation, and maintenance options. This report includes detailed list of available electric ground support equipment (GSE), description of NREL tools for EV infrastructure design and optimization, and analyses of the current fleet and the potential grid impacts of electrification. Key recommendations are made in regard to simulation-based and in-depth system analyses to identify optimal charging infrastructure and long-term grid stability, and to ensure that the selected station architecture will provide enough space and capacity for future expansion and resiliency.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Investigating the impact of environmental factors on West Nile virus human case prediction in Ontario, Canada

West Nile virus is the most common mosquito borne disease in North America and the leading cause of viral encephalitis. West Nile virus is primarily transmitted between birds and mosquitoes while humans are incidental, dead-end hosts. Climate change may increase the risk of human infections as climatic variables have been shown to affect the mosquito life cycle, biting rate, incubation period of the disease in mosquitoes, and bird migration patterns. We develop a zero-inflated Poisson model to investigate how human West Nile virus case counts vary with respect to mosquito abundance and infection rates, bird abundance, and other environmental covariates. We use a Bayesian paradigm to fit our model to data from 2010–2019 in Ontario, Canada. Our results show mosquito infection rate, temperature, precipitation, and crow abundance are positively correlated with human cases while NDVI and robin abundance are negatively correlated with human cases. We find the inclusion of spatial random effects allows for more accurate predictions, particularly in years where cases are higher. Our model is able to accurately predict the magnitude and timing of yearly West Nile virus outbreaks and could be a valuable tool for public health officials to implement prevention strategies to mitigate these outbreaks.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 6: IFYGL (lake Ontario), 1384

The author has identified the following significant results. The Lake Ontario drainage basin covers over 32,000 miles of U.S. and Canadian territory. ERTS-1 data is contributing to the comprehensive study of this basin as part of the International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IFYGL). A processing approach is described for obtaining detailed and objective synoptive synoptic information thought to be applicable to terrestrial water balance studies of such a large area. A simple ratio algorithm was tested for minimizing daily variations in ERTS-1 data and for allowing the discrimination of surface features and land use classes of hydrologic significance. These steps are necessary if ERTS-1 data is to provide the quantitative information required for the study and management of areas of regional size.

Polcyn, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Progress of an ERTS-1 program for Lake Ontario and its basin

The Lake Ontario drainage basin covers over 32,000 square miles of U.S. and Canadian territory. ERTS-1 data is contributing to the comprehensive study of this basin as part of the International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IFYGL). This paper details a processing approach for obtaining detailed and objective synoptic information thought to be applicable to terrestrial water balance studies of such a large area. A simple ratio algorithm was tested for minimizing daily variations in ERTS data and for allowing the discrimination of surface features and land use classes of hydrologic significance. These steps are necessary if ERTS data is to provide the quantitative information required for the study and management of areas of regional size.

Wagner, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Dynamics of suspended sediment plumes in Lake Ontario

The author has identified the following significant results. Imagery obtained on 25 January 1974, shows a well-defined plume at the mouth of the Niagara River and a much smaller but intense plume emanating from Port Dalhousie Harbor, Ontario. Additionally, a plume can be seen trailing eastward from the outer end of the Welland Canal. This is the first time that a clear-cut winter view of these plumes was detected by the ERTS-1 satellite outside the navigation season. Since the Welland Canal was not in operation, it is likely that the plume, visible along the canal's outer jetty on frames 1551-15313-4-5, was the result of westward moving turbid water emanating from Port Dalhousie Harbor to the west.

Pluhowski, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Dynamics of suspended sediment plumes in Lake Ontario

The absence of turbidity plumes during the winter was well documented in an ususually successful sequence of images obtained February 10 - 12, 1974. Useful imagery of the south shore of Lake Ontario was obtained on 3 successive days at a time when sky cover over the area normally approaches complete coverage. Imagery of the Oswego, Genesee, and Niagara rivers failed to detect any plumes, however faint. Despite strong northwest winds on February 11 there was no indication of shoreline erosion generated by wave action. Frozen ground, snow cover, shoreline icing and minimal construction and farm activity without doubt reduces the probability of sediment movement in winter. Thunderstorm activity over the study area is very rare during the cold season so that the erosive energy of rainfall is greatly reduced. Moreover, a fairly high percentage of the winter precipitation is in the form of snow or sleet further reducing the impact of rainfall energy on sediment transport.

Pluhowski, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Metamorphic fluids and uplift-erosion history of a portion of the Kapuskasing structural zone, Ontario, as deduced from fluid inclusions

Fluid inclusions can be used to determine the compositional evolution of fluids present in high grade metamorphic rocks (Touret, 1979) along with the general P-T path followed by the rocks during uplift and erosion (Hollister et al., 1979). In this context, samples of high grade gneisses from the Kapuskasing structural zone (KSZ, Fig. 1) of eastern Ontario were studied in an attempt to define the composition of syn- and post-metamorphic fluids and help constrain the uplift and erosion history of the KSZ. Recent work by Percival (1980), Percival and Card (1983) and Percival and Krogh (1983) shows that the KSZ represents lower crustal granulites that form the lower portion of an oblique cross section through the Archean crust, which was up faulted along a northeast striking thrust fault. The present fluid inclusion study places constraints upon the P-T path which the KSZ followed during uplift and erosion.

Rudnick, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Age of the Mulcahy Lake intrusion, northwest Ontario, and implications for the evolution of greenstone-granite terrains

An investigation of zircon data from the Mulcahy Lake gabbro, a 63 sq km layered mafic intrusion in the Wabigoon subprovince of Ontario, which show that the gabbro crystallized at 2733.2 +1.0, -0.9 Ma, is considered. It is shown that the gabbro intrudes tholeiites of the Crow Lake-Savant Lake greenstone belt. Whole rock samples and mineral separates from the Mulcahy Lake intrusion are dated by Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and Ar-30-Ar-40 techniques. Disturbances in the system are revealed by the Rb-Sr data and an initial Sr ratio of 0.7007 for an age of 2733 Ma is indicated by samples with low Rb/Sr ratios. The age determined for the Sm-Nd data is 2744 + or 55 Ma with an epsilon Nd value of +2.6 + or - 1.2 which indicates a source region depleted in a light rare earth element. Primary hornblende is analyzed for Ar-40/Ar-39 and an age of 2703 + or - 20 is obtained. Some implications for the development of greenstone-granite belts are discussed.

Morrison, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Peat landforms along the Albany River, northern Ontario. An ecological study of peat landforms in Canada and Alaska

During the summer of 1985 a field investigation was started in the Hudson Bay lowland region of northern Ontario, which represents the largest expanse of peatland in North America and is an important sink in the global carbon cycle. A key area in the lowlands is situated along the Albany River near the confluence of the Chepay River. Here the striking vegetation-landforms are transitional between those found on the bed of Glacial Lake Agassiz in northern Minnesota and southern Manitoba and the more northern peatlands in the Hudson Bay lowland region. In peatland studies elsewhere the landform patterns have been used not only to classify different peatland types but also as an indicator of potential developmetnal trends. The study area is generally defined by that covered by the TM scene E-40062-15532 taken on Sept. 16, 1982. The purpose of the field work is to acquire sufficent information to interpret the TM imagery and test various hypotheses on peatland development on the gasis of the pattern transitions.

Glaser, P. H.↗