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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Integrating Cybersecurity with System Operations and Restoration

This presentation covers the interaction of the discipline of system operations with the discipline of cybersecurity. First, a common mental model for risk - both cybersecurity and all-hazards - is presented, followed by a discussion of high-level management strategies for different kinds of cyber harm facing system operators, based on the consequences and frequencies of the harm. The next section covers the importance of cybersecurity for a system operator organization and explains some general concepts to understand the relationships. Finally the role of system operators in the security of the grid as a larger system of systems is discussed over the framework of a resilience event.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Applying Cyber-Informed Engineering to Power System Operations

This presentation covers the interaction of the discipline of system operations with the growing body of knowledge around Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE). First is discussion of a number of fundamental concepts for system operators - organizational division of responsibilities, human and machine cooperation, goals, and priorities. The next section covers the reasons why CIE was developed, what it is, and the key design and operational, and organizational principles of CIE. Finally, some thoughts on how CIE can be applied to power system operations are offered, along with some examples of how an organization can approach applying CIE principles in their particular circumstances.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Mathematical Modelling-Based Energy System Operation Strategy Considering Energy Storage Systems

Renewable energy resources are widely recognized as an alternative to environmentally harmful fossil fuels. More renewable energy technologies will need to penetrate into fossil fuel dominated energy systems to mitigate the globally witnessed climate changes and environmental pollutions. It is necessary to prepare for the potential problems with increased proportions of renewable energy in the energy system, to prevent higher costs and decreased reliability. Motivated by this need, this paper addresses the operation of an energy system with an energy storage system in the context of developing a decision-supporting framework.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Wind-Friendly Flexible Ramping Product Design in Multi-Timescale Power System Operations

With increasing wind power penetration in the electricity grid, system operators are recognizing the need for additional flexibility, and some are implementing new ramping products as a type of ancillary service. However, wind is generally thought of as causing the need for ramping services, not as being a potential source for the service. In this paper, a multi-timescale unit commitment and economic dispatch model is developed to consider the wind power ramping product (WPRP). An optimized swinging door algorithm with dynamic programming is applied to identify and forecast wind power ramps (WPRs). Designed as positive characteristics of WPRs, the WPRP is then integrated into the multi-timescale dispatch model that considers new objective functions, ramping capacity limits, active power limits, and flexible ramping requirements. Numerical simulations on the modified IEEE 118-bus system show the potential effectiveness of WPRP in increasing the economic efficiency of power system operations with high levels of wind power penetration. It is found that WPRP not only reduces the production cost by using less ramping reserves scheduled by conventional generators, but also possibly enhances the reliability of power system operations. Moreover, wind power forecasts play an important role in providing high-quality WPRP service.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling for a Digital Twin-Based Remote Operation System Framework

New reactor designs and technologies are being developed to grow and advance the nuclear industry. Microreactors are one of the many new concepts for advancing the industry. Microreactors are very small reactors generally designed to have an operating power of 20 MWth or less. They are ideal for many applications in which it would not be feasible to have a large-scale reactor, such as powering remote communities, military bases, and mining sites. Many of these applications currently rely on diesel generators for power, and replacing those generators with the carbon-free energy of a microreactor is a major driving factor for microreactor development. However, most of the use cases for microreactors are in isolated locations where construction and labor costs are much higher. Microreactors will need to be comparable to other energy production methods for their deployment to be successful. Remotely operating the microreactor has a great potential to benefit the economics and make it more cost competitive. With remote operations, the operation facility location could be strategically chosen based on factors such as construction costs, workforce size, etc. The benefits of remote operations could be leveraged even more if the remote operation system is semi-autonomous. If the remote operation system is semi-autonomous, more microreactors could be operated and monitored from one remote operation facility. Additionally, with the system handling some tasks for the human operator, it could reduce the number of operating staff necessary for the microreactor. Digital twins can be used to introduce a level of automation to the remote operation system. Digital twins are capable of component monitoring, system operation and control, and predictive performance [1]. All of those features are important for a successful semi-autonomous remote operation system.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Modeling Imperfect Generator Behavior in Power System Operation Models

A key component in power system operations is the use of computer models to quickly study and analyze different operating conditions and futures in an efficient manner. The output of these models are sensitive to the data used in them as well as the assumptions made during their execution. One typical assumption is that generators and load assets perfectly follow operator control signals. While this is a valid simulation assumption, generators may not always accurately follow control signals. This imperfect response of generators could impact cost and reliability metrics. This paper proposes a generator model that capture this imperfect behavior and examines its impact on production costs and reliability metrics using a steady-state power system operations model. Preliminary analysis shows that while costs remain relatively unchanged, there could be significant impacts on reliability metrics.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

DATA-DRIVEN ALGORITHMS FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

Transactive energy systems are an alternative solution for the problems that distribution system operators face due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources(DERs) and resulting much required scalability in managing active distribution system. To meet the reliability, sustainability and security requirement, ecient management and control of DERs including distributed generators, energy storage systems, and demand response is necessary. DERs can provide services such as reactive power compensation, voltage control, energy balancing, peak load reduction. These edge resources can also be used for system restoration after the extreme events within regulatory bound and enabling resiliency of the electric grid. While there are numbers of related work focused on solving these problems, availability of additional data resources has not been utilized to its potential to enable the reliable, sustainable and resilient electric grid. In order to address these challenges, data-driven algorithms have been proposed in this dissertation, including a) Volt/Var control, b) activity aware demand response and c) estimation of behind the meter distributed energy resources. Results indicate satisfactory performance of the developed algorithms.

ZHANG, YUE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Assessment of wind power scenario creation methods for stochastic power systems operations

Probabilistic scenarios of renewable energy production, such as wind, have been gaining popularity for use in stochastic variants of power systems operations scheduling problems, allowing for optimal decision-making under uncertainty. The quality of the scenarios has a direct impact on the value of the resulting decisions, but until now, methods for creating scenarios have not been compared under realistic operational conditions. Here, we compare the quality of scenario sets created using three different methods, based on a simulated re-enactment of stochastic day-ahead unit commitment and subsequent dispatch for a realistic test system. We create scenarios using a dataset of forecasted and actual wind power values, scaled to evaluate the effects of increasing wind penetration levels. We show that the choice of scenario set can significantly impact system operating cost, renewable energy use, and the ability of the system to meet demand. This result has implications for the ability of system operators to efficiently integrate renewable production into their day-ahead planning, highlighting the need for the use of performance-based assessments for scenario evaluation.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Distribution System Operator with Transactive (DSO+T) Study

The Distribution System Operator with Transactive (DSO+T) study investigates the engineering and economic performance of a transactive energy retail market coordinating a high penetration of customer-side flexible energy assets. The study seeks to answer whether such an implementation is cost effective for customers, recovers sufficient revenue for DSOs, and is equally applicable and beneficial to a range of flexible asset types, renewable generation scenarios, and market assumptions. Using a highly interdisciplinary co-simulation and valuation framework, this assessment encompasses the entire electrical delivery system from bulk system generation and transmission, through the distribution system, to the modeling of individual customer buildings and flexible assets (including heating, ventilation, and air conditioning [HVAC] units, water heaters, batteries, and electric vehicles). The study exercises a transactive energy retail market coordination scheme designed to integrate with an existing day-ahead and real-time competitive wholesale electricity market. Software decision-making agents are designed for the retail market operator as well as various price-responsive flexible assets. The engineering and economic performance of the transactive energy scheme is studied for two separate flexible asset deployments: flexible loads (HVAC units and residential water heaters) and behind-the-meter batteries. The results of each transactive case are compared to a business-as-usual case. These cases are subject to two different renewable generation scenarios, a moderate renewable generation scenario, representative of current levels of renewable generation deployment, and a future high renewables scenario, including the increased deployment of rooftop solar photovoltaic and electric vehicles. The transactive coordination scheme is shown to produce effective and stable control and decrease peak loads 9–15%. The resulting annual demand flexibility provides net economic savings of $3.3–5.0B per year for a region the size of Texas. Detailed analysis shows that net benefits were seen for a range of distribution system operator, customer, and flexible asset types. Both participating customer (with transactive flexible assets) and nonparticipating customers (with nonflexible assets) see reductions in annual utility bills and net annual energy expenses in the range of 10–16%.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Providing Ramping Service with Wind to Enhance Power System Operational Flexibility

This project develops an innovative, integrated, and transformative approach to mitigate the impact of wind ramping by providing flexible ramping products from wind power. The project will significantly contribute to the reduction of wind integration costs by making wind power dispatchable and allowing the efficient management of wind ramping characteristics. In addition, we collaborated with industry to test and validate the methodology, considering economic and reliability goals, by integrating the proposed methodology into the simulated market frameworks of two independent system operators: California Independent System Operator and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Stochastic Methods Applied to Power System Operations with Renewable Energy: A Review

Renewable energy resources have been rapidly integrated into power systems in many parts of the world, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable supply of electricity. Wind and solar resources also introduce new challenges for system operations and planning in terms of economics and reliability because of their variability and uncertainty. Operational strategies based on stochastic optimization have been developed recently to address these challenges. In general terms, these stochastic strategies either embed uncertainties into the scheduling formulations (e.g., the unit commitment [UC] problem) in probabilistic forms or develop more appropriate operating reserve strategies to take advantage of advanced forecasting techniques. Other approaches to address uncertainty are also proposed, where operational feasibility is ensured within an uncertainty set of forecasting intervals. In this report, a comprehensive review is conducted to present the state of the art through Spring 2015 in the area of stochastic methods applied to power system operations with high penetration of renewable energy. Chapters 1 and 2 give a brief introduction and overview of power system and electricity market operations, as well as the impact of renewable energy and how this impact is typically considered in modeling tools. Chapter 3 reviews relevant literature on operating reserves and specifically probabilistic methods to estimate the need for system reserve requirements. Chapter 4 looks at stochastic programming formulations of the UC and economic dispatch (ED) problems, highlighting benefits reported in the literature as well as recent industry developments. Chapter 5 briefly introduces alternative formulations of UC under uncertainty, such as robust, chance-constrained, and interval programming. Finally, in Chapter 6, we conclude with the main observations from our review and important directions for future work.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Datasets of a Multizone Office Building under Different HVAC System Operation Scenarios

Abstract This study provides an open-source dataset of the measured weather data, building indoor data, and system data under the different test settings. The test building is the two-story Flexible Research Platform building at the US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Four heating tests and three cooling tests were conducted. The 1-min interval of weather, building indoor data, and system data from each test setting are provided. Actual weather data were collected from a weather station installed on the roof. This paper describes information on the test building and installed sensors, data collection method, and data validation. The provided dataset can be employed to understand HVAC system conditions and building indoor conditions under different HVAC system operations and the performance of building envelope without HVAC system operation using free-floating test data. Additionally, it can be used for empirical validation of the building energy modelling engine.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Distribution System Operator with Transactive (DSO+T) Study: Volume 1 (Main Report)

The Distribution System Operator with Transactive (DSO+T) study investigates the engineering and economic performance of a transactive energy retail market coordinating a high penetration of customer-side flexible energy assets. The study seeks to answer whether such an implementation is cost effective for customers, recovers sufficient revenue for DSOs, and is equally applicable and beneficial to a range of flexible asset types, renewable generation scenarios, and market assumptions. Using a highly interdisciplinary co-simulation and valuation framework, this assessment encompasses the entire electrical delivery system from bulk system generation and transmission, through the distribution system, to the modeling of individual customer buildings and flexible assets (including heating, ventilation, and air conditioning [HVAC] units, water heaters, batteries, and electric vehicles). The study exercises a transactive energy retail market coordination scheme designed to integrate with an existing day-ahead and real-time competitive wholesale electricity market. Software decision-making agents are designed for the retail market operator as well as various price-responsive flexible assets. The engineering and economic performance of the transactive energy scheme is studied for two separate flexible asset deployments: flexible loads (HVAC units and residential water heaters) and behind-the-meter batteries. The results of each transactive case are compared to a business-as-usual case. These cases are subject to two different renewable generation scenarios, a moderate renewable generation scenario, representative of current levels of renewable generation deployment, and a future high renewables scenario, including the increased deployment of rooftop solar photovoltaic and electric vehicles. The transactive coordination scheme is shown to produce effective and stable control and decrease peak loads 9–15%. The resulting annual demand flexibility provides net economic savings of $3.3–5.0B per year for a region the size of Texas. Detailed analysis shows that net benefits were seen for a range of distribution system operator, customer, and flexible asset types. Both participating customer (with transactive flexible assets) and nonparticipating customers (with nonflexible assets) see reductions in annual utility bills and net annual energy expenses in the range of 10–16%.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2017

ESnet Network Operating System (ENOS)

ENOS is a prototype next-generation ESnet architecture for handling data-intensive science workflows. The concept of a 'network operating system', a software layer that enables applications to get information about the network and to program it to meet its needs, has been around in academic papers for a while but appears to be feasible now due to the wide adoption of the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. The SDN paradigm constitutes a network architecture that separates the control plane from the distributed data plane and provides logical centralization of the network control and state. These logical central control plane capabilities can be evolved to become the operating system through which the network policies are implemented across the entire network and applications can program network behavior.

ESnet↗
DOE OSTI2016

Impacts of Short-Term Solar Power Forecasts in System Operations

Solar generation is experiencing an exponential growth in power systems worldwide and, along with wind power, is posing new challenges to power system operations. Those challenges are characterized by an increase of system variability and uncertainty across many time scales: from days, down to hours, minutes, and seconds. Much of the research in the area has focused on the effect of solar forecasting across hours or days. This paper presents a methodology to capture the effect of short-term forecasting strategies and analyzes the economic and reliability implications of utilizing a simple, yet effective forecasting method for solar PV in intra-day operations.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Methodology for Quantifying Reliability Benefits From Improved Solar Power Forecasting in Multi-Timescale Power System Operations

Solar power forecasting improvements are mainly evaluated by statistical and economic metrics, and the practical reliability benefits of these forecasting enhancements have not yet been well quantified. This paper aims to quantify reliability benefits from solar power forecasting improvements. To systematically analyze the relationship between solar power forecasting improvements and reliability performance in power system operations, an expected synthetic reliability (ESR) metric is proposed to integrate state-of-the-art independent reliability metrics. The absolute value and standard deviation of area control errors (ACE), and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation Control Performance Standard 2 (CPS2) score are calculated through the multi-timescale scheduling simulation, including the day-ahead unit commitment (DU), real-time unit commitment (RU), real-time economic dispatch (RE), automatic generation control (AGC) sub-models. The absolute area control error in energy (AACEE), CPS2 violations, CPS2 score, and standard deviation of the raw ACE are all calculated and combined as the ESR metric. Numerical simulations show that the reliability benefits of multi-timescale power system operations are significantly increased due to the improved solar power forecasts.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Large-Scale Adoption of Self-Synchronized Universal Droop Controller-Based Inverters to Enable Ancillary Services for Different Modes of Distribution System Operations

This work proposes the large-scale adoption of self-synchronized universal droop controller (SUDC)-based inverters to enable ancillary services for different modes of distribution system operations. The IEEE 123 bus system was modeled on a real-time simulator to study the performance of large-scale adoption of SUDC inverters in a distribution system. The resulting data collected shows that the voltage and the frequency were regulated within ranges, such as less than 5% for voltage and less than 0.5% for frequency, under different load variations and grid operations. Also, the black start was achieved within 0.4 s without any voltage overshoot. Through the simulation and validation on a small microgrid and the IEEE 123 bus distribution system, it can be concluded that the SUDC was successfully adopted to regulate the voltage and the frequency within the given ranges, and black start achieved within 1 s without voltage overshoot for different modes of distribution system operations.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Enabling Power System Transformation Globally: A System Operator Research Agenda for Bulk Power System Issues

The primary objective of a power system is to safely provide reliable energy services to society at an affordable cost. In many countries, this objective has been supplemented by another: meeting the energy demand with sustainable resources, which has culminated in the energy transition to low-carbon and zero-carbon energy systems. This transition, occurring rapidly around the world, is characterized by the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE), inverter-based resources (IBRs), and distributed energy resources (DERs).

costs↗