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NASA NTRS1999

An Evaluation of the Quality of Halogen Occultation Experiment Ozone Profiles in the Lower Stratosphere

The archived ozone profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) have already been corrected for the effects of the spectrally varying, interfering absorption due to aerosols composed of aqueous sulfuric acid, and agreement with correlative measurements in the stratosphere is generally excellent. However, comparisons of sets of coincident HALOE and ozonesonde profiles indicate occasional large differences at the lowest levels of the stratosphere. Most of those instances occur at altitudes just below a well-defined minimum in the 5.26 microns channel aerosol extinction profile, whose wavelength dependence is not represented by a sulfuric acid aerosol model. Further, when the aerosol extinction exceeds about 10(exp 3)/ km, the aerosol correction to the ozone channel transmittances is both large and uncertain. After screening out the HALOE ozone profile segments whose corresponding aerosol/cirrus corrections are likely uncertain and after averaging lie ozonesonde profiles into 2.5 km thick layers, we find that the HALOE ozone areas, on average, to within 10% of their coincident ozonesonde measurements down to 100 hPa at tropical/subtropical latitudes and to 200 hPa at extratropical latitudes. A tightening of the coincidence criteria for the comparisons does not improve the mean differences for the sets nearly as much. Part of the variance of the paired differences was also accounted for when the ozonesonde profile values were integrated into those 2.5 km layers, prior to taking differences. This improvement is due mainly to the vertical averaging of the local, higher-resolution ozonesonde data, matching the lower resolution for HALOE ozone in the lower stratosphere. It is concluded that HALOE is providing accurate ozone profiles throughout the lower stratosphere, when its correction for interfering aerosols has been well characterized and when cirrus layers are not indicated.

Bhatt, Praful P.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Intertropical convergence zone ozone profiles from the Learjet ozone analyzer

An ozone analyzer operated as part of the sampling package aboard the NASA Learjet on each flight in the Panama ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) experiment. The measurement program was not successful because of instrument failure, apparently due to high humidity effects on one or more components of the ozone sensing instrument. A brief description of the experimental installation and some comments about an apparent correlation between very low ozone concentrations and cloud layers at altitude are presented.

Robinson, E.↗

NASA NTRS1992

A considerable effect of stratospheric aerosol on lidar-detected ozone profile and a three-wavelength inversion technique for both ozone and aerosol

As far as the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique is concerned, it is important that the off-line wavelength is close to the on-line wavelength in order to avoid a messy computation of the atmospheric aerosol scattering. However, the two wavelengths of ozone-DIAL are usually considerably different. Usually, an excimer laser of 308nm (on-line) and Raman shifting of 353nm or the third harmonic of a Nd-YAG laser with 355nm (off-line) are selected for measurements of the stratospheric ozone, and there is a difference of 45nm or 47nm between them. Because of the difference there is a difference in the atmospheric scatterings of the two wavelengths. This can cause some error in the retrieved ozone profile if the aerosol scattering is neglected. This paper is devoted to a study of the effect of the stratospheric aerosol on the ozone solution, and a three-wavelength detection technique is proposed for obtaining the more exact ozone profile and the aerosol profile in the stratosphere.

Qiu, Jinhuan↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Assessment of the 10-year Ozone Profile Record Derived from Suomi NPP OMPS-LP

In this presentation we evaluate ozone profile retrievals from Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) launched in October 2011 on Suomi NPP satellite. The data from OMPS-LP were re-processed with the new retrieval algorithm that combines measurements from UV and VIS parts of the spectra to retrieve a single ozone profile between 12.5 km (or cloud tops) and 57.5 km. To improve ozone retrievals in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region, a new aerosol correction with a gamma-function particle size distribution was implemented. The OMPS-LP altitude registration was also adjusted in the new version to ensure the stability of the ozone record. The continuous ozone profile observations with Suomi NPP OMPS LP exceeds 10 years. We will compare OMPS-LP ozone profiles with coincident stratospheric ozone measurements from NASA Aura MLS, ISS SAGE III, and OMPS NP and with the observations in UTLS and middle stratosphere from a ground-based network of ozone sonde stations to evaluate accuracy and precision of OMPS-LP retrievals and overall stability of the record. We will also investigate the quality of stratospheric ozone columns obtained from OMPS-LP and estimate the contribution of various errors to integrated stratospheric columns from OMPS-LP.

stratospheric ozone↗

NASA NTRS2022

Validations of Satellite Ozone Profiles in Austral Spring Using Ozonesonde Measurements in the Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica

Using ozonesonde measurements from 2015 to 2018 at the Jang Bogo station located in the southeastern Antarctic region, we evaluate ozone profiles retrieved from the three satellite measurements that are widely used: Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) data. For the fair validation, ozonesonde profiles are smoothed using the weighting function of each satellite retrieval algorithm (i.e., convolution process). Compared with limb-viewing MLS and OMPS ozone profiles, the OMI ozone profiles are relatively less qualified: coarser vertical resolution and larger inter-annual variation. Nevertheless, our validation reveals that the quality of all three satellite ozone profiles looks comparable; In general, difference from ozonesonde profile is ∼1 ppm absolutely, and −20 to 30% relatively at maximum. This quantitative range well corresponds to previous work, meaning that our new validation confirms the reliability of satellite ozone profiles in the southeastern Antarctic region where the measurement data for the validation were not enough. Another interesting feature is the role of a priori ozone profile; Nadir-viewing OMI satellite can have qualified ozone profiles by a proper assumption of a priori ozone profile. Since the performance of limb-viewing ozone profiles is better, however, the careful usage of nadir-viewing ozone profile is still required. We think that the simultaneous usage of multiple satellite ozone profiles can contribute to better understanding of Antarctic ozone characteristics.

Antarctica↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Ten Year Ozone Profile Record From Suomi NPP OMPS Limb Profiler

In this study, we evaluate a decadal ozone profile record derived from Suomi NPP Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP). The data from OMPS LP were re-processed with the new retrieval algorithm from 2012 to present. The new reprocessing includes adjustments in both Level 1 and Level 2 algorithms. The sensor’s altitude registration, updates in radiometric calibrations, under-sampling and stray light corrections were addressed in Level 1 processing. The new retrieval algorithm (version 2.7) combines measurements from UV and VIS parts of the spectra to retrieve a single vertical ozone profile between 12.5 km (or cloud tops) and 57.5 km, unlike to previous version 2.5 where ozone profiles were retrieved independently from UV and VIS. To improve ozone retrievals in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region, we implemented a new aerosol correction that assumes a gamma-function particle size distribution. In addition, ozone and nitrogen dioxide cross sections and climatologies were updated. We discuss sensitivity of the ozone retrievals to implemented changes in Level 1 and Level 2 algorithms. We focus our analysis on evaluation of the stability of the 10-year record from OMPS LP. We show results from the internal methods for characterizing the stability of the LP altitude registration and compare the LP reflectivity and ozone with the similar quantities measured by OMPS nadir sensors. Finally, we will show results from comparisons with independent satellite (MLS and SAGE III) and ozone sonde measurements.

Ozone↗

NASA NTRS2024

Decade-Long Ozone Profile Record from Suomi NPP OMPS Limb Profiler: Assessment of Version 2.6 Data

We evaluate a decadal ozone profile record derived from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) satellite instrument. In 2023, the OMPS LP data were re-processed with the new version 2.6 retrieval algorithm that combines measurements from the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) parts of the spectra and employs the second order Tikhonov regularization to retrieve a single vertical ozone profile between 12.5 km (or cloud tops) and 57.5 km with the vertical resolution of about 1.9 - 2.5 km between 20-55 km. The algorithm uses radiances measured at six UV ozone-sensitive wavelengths (295, 302, 306, 312, 317 and 322 nm) paired with 353 nm, and one VIS wavelength at 606 nm combined with 510 nm and 675 nm to form a triplet. Each wavelength pair or triplet is used over a limited range of tangent altitudes where the sensitivity to ozone changes are strongest. A new implemented aerosol correction scheme is based on a gamma-function particle size distribution. Numerous calibration changes that affected ozone retrievals were also applied to measured LP radiances, including updates in altitude registration, radiometric calibration, stray light, and spectral registration. The key version 2.6 improvement is the reduction in relative drifts between LP ozone and correlative measurements, linked previously to a drift in the version 2.5 LP altitude registration. We compare LP ozone profiles with those from Aura Microwave Limb Sensor (MLS) to quantify ozone changes in version 2.6.

Limb scattering↗

NASA NTRS1983

An intercomparison of ozone profile measurements from LIMS, SAGE, and SBUV

Ozone profile measurements by the Limb IR Monitor of Stratosphere (LIMS) and the Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) aboard the Nimbus satellite, and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) aboard the AEM-2 satellite are intercompared in an effort to assess the quality of satellite ozone retrieval techniques. Good correlation between LIMS and SBUV observations is noted in the ozone layer bounded by pressures of 31.2-15.6 mb; absolute differences are generally less than 10 percent, with similar zonal variations. Above 35 km SAGE values are systematically larger than SBUV or LIMS. The differences generally increase with height and are largest in the tropics. Finally, excellent agreement is noted to exist among the three data sets between 10 and 35 km of altitude with respect to the latitude dependence of the ozone profiles.

Fleig, A. J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

The validation of LIMS ozone profiles using correlative rocket, ECC, and Dobson data sets

The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment is a limb scanning infrared sounder designed to measure vertical temperature profiles and the concentrations of key chemical compounds which are important in the stratospheric ozone-nitrogen photochemistry. Preliminary ozone profiles are being intercompared with correlative rocket and balloonsonde ozone data sets as part of the Nimbus 7 LIMS data validation activity. The LIMS ozone retrievals extend from the lower mesosphere to the tropopause (or cloud-top altitudes). In this paper, preliminary statistics of comparisons of ECC (electrochemical concentration cell) ozonesonde and rocket ozone profiles with LIMS ozone profiles are presented. ECC ozonesonde data taken at times of LIMS overpasses are also used to extend the LIMS retrieval down to ground level. Each combined profile is then integrated to obtain total column ozone. These integrated results are compared to Dobson data obtained at approximately the same time and location.

Remsberg, E. E.↗

NASA NTRS2014

A New Differential Absorption Lidar to Measure Sub-Hourly Fluctuation of Tropospheric Ozone Profiles in the Baltimore - Washington D.C. Region

Tropospheric ozone profiles have been retrieved from the new ground based National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center TROPospheric OZone DIfferential Absorption Lidar (GSFC TROPOZ DIAL) in Greenbelt, MD (38.99 N, 76.84 W, 57 meters ASL) from 400 m to 12 km AGL. Current atmospheric satellite instruments cannot peer through the optically thick stratospheric ozone layer to remotely sense boundary layer tropospheric ozone. In order to monitor this lower ozone more effectively, the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) has been developed, which currently consists of five stations across the US. The GSFC TROPOZ DIAL is based on the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique, which currently detects two wavelengths, 289 and 299 nm. Ozone is absorbed more strongly at 289 nm than at 299 nm. The DIAL technique exploits this difference between the returned backscatter signals to obtain the ozone number density as a function of altitude. The transmitted wavelengths are generated by focusing the output of a quadrupled Nd:YAG laser beam (266 nm) into a pair of Raman cells, filled with high pressure hydrogen and deuterium. Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) within the focus generates a significant fraction of the pump energy at the first Stokes shift. With the knowledge of the ozone absorption coefficient at these two wavelengths, the range resolved number density can be derived. An interesting atmospheric case study involving the Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange (STE) of ozone is shown to emphasize the regional importance of this instrument as well as assessing the validation and calibration of data. The retrieval yields an uncertainty of 16-19 percent from 0-1.5 km, 10-18 percent from 1.5-3 km, and 11-25 percent from 3 km to 12 km. There are currently surface ozone measurements hourly and ozonesonde launches occasionally, but this system will be the first to make routine tropospheric ozone profile measurements in the Baltimore-Washington DC area.

Stimulated Raman Scattering↗

NASA NTRS2008

Mars Ozone Absorption Line Shapes from Infrared Heterodyne Spectra Applied to GCM-Predicted Ozone Profiles and to MEX/SPICAM Column Retrievals

We present the application of infrared heterodyne line shapes of ozone on Mars to those produced by radiative transfer modeling of ozone profiles predicted by general circulation models (GCM), and to contemporaneous column abundances measured by Mars Express SPICAM. Ozone is an important tracer of photochemistry Mars' atmosphere, serving as an observable with which to test predictions of photochemistry-coupled GCMs. Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy at 9.5 microns with spectral resolving power >1,000,000 is the only technique that can directly measure fully-resolved line shapes of Martian ozone features from the surface of the Earth. Measurements were made with Goddard Space Flight Center's Heterodyne instrument for Planetary Wind And Composition (HIPWAC) at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii on February 21-24 2008 UT at Ls=35deg on or near the MEX orbital path. The HIPWAC observations were used to test GCM predictions. For example, a GCM-generated ozone profile for 60degN 112degW was scaled so that a radiative transfer calculation of its absorption line shape matched an observed HIPWAC absorption feature at the same areographic position, local time, and season. The RMS deviation of the model from the data was slightly smaller for the GCM-generated profile than for a line shape produced by a constant-with-height profile, even though the total column abundances were the same, showing potential for testing and constraining GCM ozone-profiles. The resulting ozone column abundance from matching the model to the HIPWAC line shape was 60% higher than that observed by SPICAM at the same areographic position one day earlier and 2.5 hours earlier in local time. This could be due to day-to-day, diurnal, or north polar region variability, or to measurement sensitivity to the ozone column and its distribution, and these possibilities will be explored. This work was supported by NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program.

Fast, Kelly E.↗

NASA NTRS1999

The Retrieval of Ozone Profiles from Limb Scatter Measurements: Results from the Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding Experiment

Two instruments were flown on shuttle flight STS-87 to test a new technique for inferring the ozone vertical profile using measurements of scattered sunlight from the Earth's limb. The instruments were an ultraviolet imaging spectrometer designed to measure ozone between 30 and 50 km, and a multi-filter imaging photometer that uses 600 nm radiances to measure ozone between 15 km and 35 km. Two orbits of limb data were obtained on December 2, 1997. For the scans analyzed the ozone profile was measured from 15 km to 50 km with approximately 3 km vertical resolution. Comparisons with a profile from an ozonesonde launched from Ascension Island showed agreement mostly within +/- 5%. The tropopause at 15 km was clearly detected.

McPeters, Richard D.↗

NASA NTRS2015

Major Upgrades to the AIRS Version-6 Ozone Profile Methodology

This research is a continuation of part of what was shown at the last AIRS Science Team Meeting in the talk Improved Water Vapor and Ozone Profiles in SRT AIRS Version-6.X and the AIRS February 11, 2015 NetMeeting Further improvements in water vapor and ozone profiles compared to Version-6.AIRS Version-6 was finalized in late 2012 and is now operational. Version-6 contained many significant improvements in retrieval methodology compared to Version-5. However, Version-6 retrieval methodology used for the water vapor profile q(p) and ozone profile O3(p) retrievals is basically unchanged from Version-5, or even from Version-4. Subsequent research has made significant improvements in both water vapor and O3 profiles compared to Version-6. This talk will concentrate on O3 profile retrievals. Improvements in water vapor profile retrievals are given in a separate presentation.

Ozone↗

NASA NTRS2006

Ozone Profiles in the High-latitude Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere Measured by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II: Comparison with other Satellite Sensors and Ozonesondes

A solar occultation sensor, the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II, measured 5890 vertical profiles of ozone concentrations in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere and of other species from January to October 2003. The measurement latitude coverage was 54-71degN and 64-88degS, which is similar to the coverage of ILAS (November 1996 to June 1997). One purpose of the ILAS-II measurements was to continue such high-latitude measurements of ozone and its related chemical species in order to help accurately determine their trends. The present paper assesses the quality of ozone data in the version 1.4 retrieval algorithm, through comparisons with results obtained from comprehensive ozonesonde measurements and four satellite-borne solar occultation sensors. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), the ILAS-II ozone data agree with the other data within +/-10% (in terms of the absolute difference divided by its mean value) at altitudes between 11 and 40 km, with the median coincident ILAS-II profiles being systematically up to 10% higher below 20 km and up to 10% lower between 21 and 40 km after screening possible suspicious retrievals. Above 41 km, the negative bias between the NH ILAS-II ozone data and the other data increases with increasing altitude and reaches 30% at 61-65 km. In the Southern Hemisphere, the ILAS-II ozone data agree with the other data within 10% in the altitude range of 11-60 km, with the median coincident profiles being on average up to 10% higher below 20 km and up to 10% lower above 20 km.

Sugita, T.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Seasonal Characteristics of Tropical Ozone Profiles using the SHADOZ Ozonesonde Data Set: Comparisons with TOMS Tropical Ozone Climatology

Advances in tropospheric ozone data products being developed for tropical and subtropical regions using TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) and other satellites are motivating efforts to renew and expand the collection of balloon-borne ozonesonde observations. The SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) project is a web-based archive established since 1998. It's goals are to support validation of TOMS and SBUV (Solar Backscatter UV) satellite ozone measurements and to improve remote sensing techniques for estimating tropical and subtropical ozone. Profile data are taken from balloon-borne ozonesondes, currently at 11 stations coordinating weekly to bi-weekly launches. Station data are publically available at a central location via the internet: . Since the start of the project, the SHADOZ archive has accumulated over 1500 ozonesonde profiles. Data also includes measurements from various SHADOZ supported field campaigns, such as, the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), Sounding of Ozone and Water in the Equatorial Region (SOWER) and Aerosols99 Atlantic Cruise. Using data from the archive, profile climatologies from selected stations will be shown to 1/characterize the variability of tropospheric tropical ozone among stations, 2/illustrate the seasonal offsets with respect to the tropical profile used in the TOMS v7 algorithm, and 3/estimate the potential error in TOMS retrieval estimates of the tropospheric portion of the atmosphere.

Witte, J. C.↗

NASA NTRS1972

A review of some aspects of inferring the ozone profile by inversion of ultraviolet radiance measurements

The mathematical inversion of light-scattering observations to obtain the atmospheric ozone profile is discussed in terms of the filtering properties of the physical and mathematical processes for different spatial scales. Within this context, it is shown that the physical process of scattering acts as a low pass filter; which transfers large-scale profile information efficiently to radiance observations but very strongly attenuates small- or fine-scale profile information. To avoid domination of the mathematical inversion by the random error of radiance measurements, an equivalent spatial-scale filtering in the inversion procedure is essential. The available evidence suggests that mathematical inversion to obtain the low level ozone profile below 25 to 30 km is either inferior to or no better than the statistical estimation of the profile using total ozone as predictor. However, inversion profiles for high level ozone above 25 to 30 km appear to have moderately good accuracy.

Mateer, C. L.↗

NASA NTRS2007

DIAL Measurements of Free-Tropospheric Ozone Profiles in Huntsville, AL

A tropospheric ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system, developed jointly by NASA and the University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH), measures free-tropospheric ozone profiles between 4-10 km. Located at 192 meters altitude in the Regional Atmospheric Profiling Laboratory for Discovery (RAPCD) on the UAH campus in Huntsville, AL, USA, this tropospheric ozone lidar operates under both daytime and nighttime conditions. Frequent coincident ozonesonde flights and theoretical calculations provide evidence to indicate the retrieval accuracy ranges from better than 8% at 4km to 40%-60% at 10 kin with 750-m vertical resolution and 30-minute integration. With anticipated improvements to allow retrievals at both higher and lower altitudes, this ozone lidar, along with co-located aerosol and Doppler Wind Lidars, will provide a unique 18 dataset for investigations of PBL and free-tropospheric chemical and dynamic processes.

Kuang, Shi↗

NASA NTRS2015

How Certain are We of the Uncertainties in Recent Ozone Profile Trend Assessments of Merged Limbo Ccultation Records? Challenges and Possible Ways Forward

Most recent assessments of long-term changes in the vertical distribution of ozone (by e.g. WMO and SI2N) rely on data sets that integrate observations by multiple instruments. Several merged satellite ozone profile records have been developed over the past few years; each considers a particular set of instruments and adopts a particular merging strategy. Their intercomparison by Tummon et al. revealed that the current merging schemes are not sufficiently refined to correct for all major differences between the limb/occultation records. This shortcoming introduces uncertainties that need to be known to obtain a sound interpretation of the different satellite-based trend studies. In practice however, producing realistic uncertainty estimates is an intricate task which depends on a sufficiently detailed understanding of the characteristics of each contributing data record and on the subsequent interplay and propagation of these through the merging scheme. Our presentation discusses these challenges in the context of limb/occultation ozone profile records, but they are equally relevant for other instruments and atmospheric measurements. We start by showing how the NDACC and GAW-affiliated ground-based networks of ozonesonde and lidar instruments allowed us to characterize fourteen limb/occultation ozone profile records, together providing a global view over the last three decades. Our prime focus will be on techniques to estimate long-term drift since our results suggest this is the main driver of the major trend differences between the merged data sets. The single-instrument drift estimates are then used for a tentative estimate of the systematic uncertainty in the profile trends from merged data records. We conclude by reflecting on possible further steps needed to improve the merging algorithms and to obtain a better characterization of the uncertainties involved.

Merging Algorithms↗