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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Possible {Lambda}{sub c}N molecular bound state

{Lambda}{sub c}N bound state problem is investigated in the one-meson-exchange potential model. The potentials are obtained from an effective Lagrangian reflecting the heavy quark symmetry, chiral symmetry, and hidden local symmetry. We also consider the contributions from the coupled channels of {Sigma}{sub c}N and {Sigma}{sub c}*N. It is found that the channel coupling is very important in binding the baryons. We find that the formation of the nearly degenerate J{sup P} = 0{sup +} and J{sup P} = 1{sup +} {Lambda}{sub c}N molecular bound states is plausible, although the results are sensitive to the cutoff parameters.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nonequilibrium chiral fluid dynamics including dissipation and noise

We present a consistent theoretical approach for the study of nonequilibrium effects in chiral fluid dynamics within the framework of the linear {sigma} model with constituent quarks. Treating the quarks as an equilibrated heat bath, we use the influence functional formalism to obtain a Langevin equation for the {sigma} field. This allows us to calculate the explicit form of the damping coefficient and the noise correlators. For a self-consistent derivation of both the dynamics of the {sigma} field and the quark fluid, we have to employ the 2PI (two-particle irreducible) effective action formalism. The energy dissipation from the field to the fluid is treated in the exact formalism of the 2PI effective action where a conserved energy-momentum tensor can be constructed. We derive its form and comment on approximations generating additional terms in the energy-momentum balance of the entire system.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

{gamma}Z exchange corrections in parity-violating electron scattering

I report on recent work on two-boson exchange contributions ({gamma}{gamma} and {gamma}Z) and their implications for parity-violating electron scattering measurements. These calculations are particularly relevant for high precision measurements of the strange electric and magnetic form factors, and the weak charge of the proton.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Two-Boson Exchange Corrections in PVES

I summarize the recent progress on the understanding of the two-boson exchange effect in the parity-violating scattering. I report the results obtained in a hadronic model and a model using Nucleon General Parton Distributions(GPDS), respectively. Both of calculations show that the approximation adopted by Marciano and Sirlin brings significant deviations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Charged pion photoproduction with the {Delta}(1232) baryon beyond the resonance region

We investigate the charged pion photoproduction off the proton target with the {Delta}(1232) baryon, i.e., {gamma}p{yields}{pi}{sup -{Delta}++}(1232) and {gamma}p{yields}{pi}{sup +{Delta}0}(1232), based on the effective Lagrangian method, beyond the resonance region, {radical}(s) > or approx. 2 GeV. We employ the {pi}- and {rho}-meson Regge trajectories in the t channel, in addition to the proton and {Delta} pole, in the s and u channels, respectively, and the contact-interaction contributions. A specific scheme for the form factor which satisfies the Ward-Takahashi identity, crossing symmetry, and on-shell condition is taken into account. We also consider a smooth interpolation between the Regge and Feynman propagators for the t-channel meson exchanges as a function of the Mandelstam variable s. We present the numerical results for the energy and angular dependences of the cross sections and the double- and single-polarization observables. It turns out that the present framework reproduces the experimental data qualitatively very well. In particular, the interpolation between the two propagators plays a crucial role in reproducing the high-energy experimental data correctly. The {pi}{sup +} decay-angle distribution is also studied using the {Delta}{sup ++}-decay frame, i.e., the Gottfried-Jackson frame. The present results will be a useful guide for future high-energy photon-beam experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

{pi}N transition distribution amplitudes: Their symmetries and constraints from chiral dynamics

Baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs) extend the concept of generalized parton distributions. Baryon to meson TDAs appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description of amplitudes for a class of hard exclusive reactions, prominent examples of which being hard exclusive meson electroproduction off a nucleon in the backward region and baryon-antibaryon annihilation into a meson and a lepton pair. We study the general properties of these objects following the underlying symmetries of QCD. In particular, the Lorentz symmetry results in the polynomiality property of the Mellin moments in longitudinal momentum fractions. We present a detailed account of the isotopic and permutation symmetry properties of nucleon to pion ({pi}N) TDAs. This restricts the number of independent leading twist {pi}N TDAs to eight functions, providing description of all isotopic channels. Using chiral symmetry and the crossing relation between {pi}N TDAs and {pi}N generalized distribution amplitudes, we establish soft pion theorems for {pi}N TDAs, which determine the magnitude of {pi}N TDAs. Finally, we build a simple resonance exchange model for {pi}N TDAs considering N and {Delta}(1232) exchange contributions into the isospin-(1/2) and isospin-(3/2) {pi}N TDAs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Kaon-nucleon scattering in three-dimensional technique

Kaon-nucleon (KN) scattering is formulated in the three-dimensional (3D) momentum space, in which the basis state is not expanded into partial waves. Based on this basis the Lippmann-Schwinger equation for the T-matrix is evaluated. We obtain as final equation for the T-matrix elements a set of two coupled integral equations in two variables, which are the momentum’s magnitude and the scattering angle. Calculations for the differential cross section and some spin observables are shown, for which we employ a hadrons exchange model with the second order contributions only.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

NMR relaxation of molecules confined inside the cement paste pores under partially saturated conditions

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation studies of liquids confined inside cement samples mostly refer to water molecules and saturated pores. Here we extend these studies to the ethanol and cyclohexane molecules partially saturating a white cement paste. The two filling liquids were selected as representatives of polar and nonpolar molecules which should experience different interactions with the surface containing OH groups. The results on these two molecules are compared with those obtained on water filled sample. The transverse relaxation measurements, performed at different saturation degrees, clearly revealed three pore reservoirs in cement paste: intra-C-S-H sheet pores, inter-C-S-H gel pores and capillary pores. A two phase exchange model, describing the effective relaxation rate under partially saturated conditions, is also considered. The model allows finding of a relationship between the relaxation time distribution, the filling degree of the pores and the liquid morphology inside these pores.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

A three-fluid model for the simulation of counter-current stratified flows in the hot leg of a pressurized water reactor

A three-fluid model of counter-current air-water flow is suggested. The accurate prediction of droplet entrainment in two-phase flows is relevant to calculate interfacial exchange between the fluids. The present study delivers a model based on the constitutive physics for droplet separation considering re-entrainment of the dispersed water droplets into the continuous water film. A monodisperse distribution of the droplets is taken into account by means of a transport equation for the droplet number density in order to determine the droplet size. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A multi-species exchange model for fully fluctuating polymer field theory simulations

Field-theoretic models have been used extensively to study the phase behavior of inhomogeneous polymer melts and solutions, both in self-consistent mean-field calculations and in numerical simulations of the full theory capturing composition fluctuations. The models commonly used can be grouped into two categories, namely, species models and exchange models. Species models involve integrations of functionals that explicitly depend on fields originating both from species density operators and their conjugate chemical potential fields. In contrast, exchange models retain only linear combinations of the chemical potential fields. In the two-component case, development of exchange models has been instrumental in enabling stable complex Langevin (CL) simulations of the full complex-valued theory. No comparable stable CL approach has yet been established for field theories of the species type. Here, we introduce an extension of the exchange model to an arbitrary number of components, namely, the multi-species exchange (MSE) model, which greatly expands the classes of soft material systems that can be accessed by the complex Langevin simulation technique. We demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the MSE-CL sampling approach using numerical simulations of triblock and tetrablock terpolymer melts, and tetrablock quaterpolymer melts. This method should enable studies of a wide range of fluctuation phenomena in multiblock/multi-species polymer blends and composites.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Prediction of Total Dissolved Gas (TDG) at Hydropower Dams throughout the Columbia

The network of dams throughout the Columbia River Basin (CRB) are managed for irrigation, hydropower production, flood control, navigation, and fish passage that frequently result in both voluntary and involuntary spillway releases. The entrainment of air in spillway releases and the subsequent exchange of atmospheric gasses into solution during passage through the stilling basin cause elevated levels of total dissolved gas (TDG) saturation. Physical processes that affect TDG exchange at hydropower facilities have been characterized throughout the CRB in site-specific studies and at real-time water quality monitoring stations. These data have been used to develop predictive models of TDG exchange which are site specific and account for the fate of spillway and powerhouse flows in the tailrace channel and resultant transport and exchange in route to the downstream dam. Currently, there exists a need to summarize the findings from operational and structural TDG abatement programs conducted throughout the CRB and for the development of a generalized prediction model that pools data collected at multiple projects with similar structural attributes. A generalized TDG exchange model can be tuned to specific projects and coupled with water regulation models to allow for the formulation of optimal water regulation schedules subject to water quality constraints for TDG supersaturation. It is proposed to develop a methodology for predicting TDG levels downstream of hydropower facilities with similar structural properties as a function of a set of variables that affect TDG exchange; such as tailwater depth, spill discharge and pattern, project head, and entrainment of powerhouse releases.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Four-Dimensional Finite-Orbit-Width Fokker-Planck Code with Sources, for Neoclassical/Anomalous Transport Simulation of Ion and Electron (Final Technical Report)

Within the US Department of Energy/Office of Fusion Energy magnetic fusion research program, there is an important whole-plasma-modeling need for a radio-frequency/neutral-beam-injection (RF/NBI) transport-oriented finite-difference Fokker-Planck (FP) code with combined capabilities for 4D (2R2V) geometry near the fusion plasma periphery, and computationally less demanding 3D (1R2V) bounce-averaged capabilities for plasma in the core of fusion devices. Demonstration of proof-of-principle achievement of this goal has been carried out in research carried out under Phase I of the SBIR award. Two DOE-sponsored codes, the CQL3D bounce-average Fokker-Planck code in which CompX has specialized, and the COGENT 4D, plasma edge-oriented Fokker-Planck code which has been constructed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory scientists, where coupled. Coupling was achieved by using CQL3D calculated velocity distributions including an energetic tail resulting from NBI, as boundary conditions for the COGENT code over the two-dimensional velocity space on a spatial interface (flux) surface at a given radius near the plasma periphery. The finite-orbit-width fast ions from the CQL3D distributions penetrated into the peripheral plasma modeled by the COGENT code. This combined code demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed 3D/4D code. By combining these codes, the greatest computational efficiency is achieved subject to present modeling needs in toroidally symmetric magnetic fusion devices. The more efficient 3D code can be used in its regions of applicability, coupled to the more computationally demanding 4D code in higher collisionality edge plasma regions where that extended capability is necessary for accurate representation of the plasma. More efficient code leads to greater use and utility of the model. An ancillary aim of the project is to make the combined 3D/4D code user friendly. Achievement of full-coupling of these two Fokker-Planck codes will advance computational modeling of plasma devices important to the USDOE magnetic fusion energy program, in particular the DIII-D tokamak at General Atomics, San Diego, the NSTX spherical tokamak at Princeton, New Jersey, and the MST reversed-field-pinch Madison, Wisconsin. The validation studies of the code against the experiments will improve understanding of physics important for magnetic fusion, and will increase our design capabilities for achieving the goals of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) project in which the US is a participant and which seeks to demonstrate at least a factor of five in fusion power production divided by input power.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Prediction of Total Dissolved Gas Exchange at Hydropower Dams

Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation in waters released at hydropower dams can cause gas bubble trauma in fisheries resulting in physical injuries and eyeball protrusion that can lead to mortality. Elevated TDG pressures in hydropower releases are generally caused by the entrainment of air in spillway releases and the subsequent exchange of atmospheric gasses into solution during passage through the stilling basin. The network of dams throughout the Columbia River Basin (CRB) are managed for irrigation, hydropower production, flood control, navigation, and fish passage that frequently result in both voluntary and involuntary spillway releases. These dam operations are constrained by state and federal water quality standards for TDG saturation which balance the benefits of spillway operations designed for Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed fisheries versus the degradation to water quality as defined by TDG saturation. In the 1970s, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), under the federal Clean Water Act (Section 303(d)), established a criterion not to exceed the TDG saturation level of 110% in order to protect freshwater and marine aquatic life. The states of Washington and Oregon have adopted special water quality standards for TDG saturation in the tailrace and forebays of hydropower facilities on the Columbia and Snake Rivers where spillway operations support fish passage objectives. The physical processes that affect TDG exchange at hydropower facilities have been studied throughout the CRB in site-specific studies and routine water quality monitoring programs. These data have been used to quantify the relationship between project operations, structural properties, and TDG exchange. These data have also been used to develop predictive models of TDG exchange to support real-time TDG management decisions. These empirically based predictive models have been developed for specific projects and account for both the fate of spillway and powerhouse flows in the tailrace channel and resultant exchange in route to the next downstream dam. Currently, there exists a need to summarize the general finding from operational and structural TDG abatement programs conducted throughout the CRB and for the development of a generalized prediction model that pools data collected at multiple projects with similar structural attributes. A generalized TDG exchange model can be tuned to specific projects and coupled with water regulation models to allow the formulation of optimal daily water regulation schedules subject to water quality constraints for TDG supersaturation. A generalized TDG exchange model can also be applied to other hydropower dams that affect TDG pressures in tailraces and can be used to develop alternative operational and structural measures to minimize TDG generation. It is proposed to develop a methodology for predicting TDG levels downstream of hydropower facilities with similar structural properties as a function of a set of variables that affect TDG exchange; such as tailwater depth, spill discharge and pattern, project head, and entrainment of powerhouse releases. TDG data from hydropower facilities located throughout the northwest region of the United States will be used to identify relationships between TDG exchange and relevant dependent variables. Data analysis and regression techniques will be used to develop predictive TDG exchange expressions for various structural categories.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Renormalization of the Brazilian chiral nucleon-nucleon potential

In this work we present a renormalization of the Brazilian nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential using a subtractive method. We show that the exchange of correlated two pion is important for isovector channels, mainly in tensor and central potentials.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The final stage of gravitational collapse for high density fluid medium

The High density high density fluids can be represented by a stiff matter state equation P={rho} and also by the Hagedorn state equation. The first is constructed using a lagrangian that allows bare nucleons to interact attractively via scalar meson exchange, and repulsively by a more massive vector meson exchange; the second consider that for large mass the spectrum of hadrons grows exponentially, namely {rho}(m) {approx}exp(m/T{sub H}), where T{sub H} is the Hagedorn temperature, resulting the state equation P = P{sub 0}+{rho}{sub 0}ln({rho}/{rho}{sub 0}). We study the gravitational collapse for a high density fluid, considering a Hagedorn state equation in a presence of a vacuum component.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Final Report Forensics City Transport 2012

This project was to demonstrate practical Monte Carlo transport calculational methods applied to city models in prompt forensics. Typically 1 source gamma ray in ~10 18 is physically detected in most real world scenarios for this class of problems. Major factors are detector solid angles at ~ km distances, building and air attenuation, as well as huge variations in source intensities. We used the world-wide standard for transport calculations, MCNP, developed at LANL. We used ARA supplied city models used in consequence management. One indication of the extreme difficulty of these problems is that the huge numbers were larger than the space allotted by the code developers and were output as “*********”. (LANL was very helpful in resolving multiple issues we encountered like this.) Hardware memory issues also needed to be resolved. Calculational success was achieved in the simpler WDC model by a combination of variance reduction, voxelized geometry eliminated the mcnp geometry errors in the NYC model, eliminating peripheral buildings, and convolution of the source terms.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

MO-F-CAMPUS-T-04: Development and Evaluation of a Knowledge-Based Model for Treatment Planning of Lung Cancer Patients Using Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)

Purpose: To describe the development of a knowledge-based treatment planning model for lung cancer patients treated with SBRT, and to evaluate the model performance and applicability to different planning techniques and tumor locations. Methods: 105 lung SBRT plans previously treated at our institution were included in the development of the model using Varian’s RapidPlan DVH estimation algorithm. The model was trained with a combination of IMRT, VMAT, and 3D–CRT techniques. Tumor locations encompassed lesions located centrally vs peripherally (43:62), upper vs lower (62:43), and anterior vs posterior lobes (60:45). The model performance was validated with 25 cases independent of the training set, for both IMRT and VMAT. Model generated plans were created with only one optimization and no planner intervention. The original, general model was also divided into four separate models according to tumor location. The model was also applied using different beam templates to further improve workflow. Dose differences to targets and organs-at-risk were evaluated. Results: IMRT and VMAT RapidPlan generated plans were comparable to clinical plans with respect to target coverage and several OARs. Spinal cord dose was lowered in the model-based plans by 1Gy compared to the clinical plans, p=0.008. Splitting the model according to tumor location resulted in insignificant differences in DVH estimation. The peripheral model decreased esophagus dose to the central lesions by 0.5Gy compared to the original model, p=0.025, and the posterior model increased dose to the spinal cord by 1Gy compared to the anterior model, p=0.001. All template beam plans met OAR criteria, with 1Gy increases noted in maximum heart dose for the 9-field plans, p=0.04. Conclusion: A RapidPlan knowledge-based model for lung SBRT produces comparable results to clinical plans, with increased consistency and greater efficiency. The model encompasses both IMRT and VMAT techniques, differing tumor locations, and beam arrangements. Research supported in part by a grant from Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto CA.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗