Response of a cascade connected limiter and phase detector to PM signal.
Cascaded limiter and phase detector, analyzing SNR transfer characteristics for specific PM signals
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Cascaded limiter and phase detector, analyzing SNR transfer characteristics for specific PM signals
Circuit with isolation amplifier connected to a frequency multiplier and synchronous phase detector synthesizes the phase reference signal from the phase modulated input signal.
Measurement of the ionization yields for nuclear recoils is related to the energy calibration of dark matter and low-energy neutrino detectors. In this study, some results of the previous measurements of the ionization yields for nuclear recoils in liquid argon using the neutron scattering technique in the two-phase detector are discussed. The methods to increase light collection of scintillation (S{sub 1}) and ionization (S{sub 2}) signals in the two-phase detector using SiPM matrices and THGEM electrodes with increased optical transparency are proposed. These steps are necessary to implement the neutron double-scattering technique, which will provide measurement of the ionization yield of recoiling nuclei in the unexplored energy range.
Lock range and threshold defined, presenting experimental results for phase lock loop systems having modified nth order tanlock phase detector
The construction, tests, and performance of a temperature stabilized phase detector are discussed. It has a frequency stability of 5 parts in 10 to the 16th power at 100 MHz, with a temperature step of 20 C (15 to 35 C).
Positive feedback assures reliable switching. Three Phase Power Factor Controller includes three phase detectors, each produces rectangular waves of duration approximately equal to lag time between line voltage and motor current.
Centrifugal liquid/gas separator that includes phase (liquid or gas) detectors helps ensure exclusiveness of each phase at its assigned outlet. Acoustic sensors in centrifugal liquid/gas separator measure speeds of sound in nominally pure liquid and nominally pure gas at liquid and gas outlets respectively. When speed of sound is that of pure liquid or gas, valve opens to let liquid or gas flow out.
High speed sensitive (Hg,Cd)Te photodiode detectors operating in the 77 to 90 K temperature range have been developed for the 10.6 micron spectral region. P-N junctions formed by impurity (gold) diffusion in p-type (Hg, Cd) Te have been investigated. It is shown that the bandwidth and quantum efficiency of a diode are a constant for a fixed ratio of mobility/lifetime ratio of minority carriers. The minority carrier mobility and lifetime uniquely determine the bandwidth and quantum efficiency and indicate the shallow n on p (Hg,Cd) Te diodes are preferable as high performance, high frequency devices.
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When alpha particles are emitted into a gas they create an ionization track of gas ions and electrons. In our commercial UltraLo instrument we apply a voltage between a planar sample and an anode, integrate the anode signal as it collects the electrons, and distinguish between alphas emitted from the sample and elsewhere (anode, sidewalls) by the duration and shape of the resultant signal. The major contributors limiting the instrument’s lower detection limit are cosmic rays that pass through the detector close to the sample and Rn decays that produce charge tracks the originate in the gas and end on the sample. In this work we proposed to identify and reject these events by converting the anode into a multi-pixel array and operating in time projection mode. Cosmic rays would be eliminated by generating charge on many pixels, while charge collection asymmetry would distinguish between sample events (Bragg curve up) and Rn events (Bragg curve down). We therefore proposed to modify an UltraLo by pixilating its anode, developing low noise, low power multiplexed electronics to track each pixel’s signal individually, and develop analysis software to make the required discriminations.
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Detector assembly for discriminating first signal with respect to presence or absence of second signal at time of occurrence of first signal
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Dual phase xenon detectors are widely used in experimental searches for galactic dark matter particles. The origin of single electron backgrounds following prompt scintillation and proportional scintillation signals in these detectors is not fully understood, although there has been progress in recent years. Here, in this paper, we describe single electron backgrounds in 83m Kr calibration events and their correlation with drift and extraction fields, using the Particle Identification in Xenon at Yale (PIXeY) dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. The single electron background induced by the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) effect is measured, and its electric field dependence is quantified. The photoionization of grids and impurities by prompt scintillation and proportional scintillation also contributes to the single electron background.
Optimum phase reference detector obtained at low SNR with Costas loop for fully modulated PSK signals