Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Radiative Parameters”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2017

Global Clear-Sky Surface Skin Temperature from Multiple Satellites Using a Single-Channel Algorithm with Angular Anisotropy Corrections

Surface skin temperature (T(sub s)) is an important parameter for characterizing the energy exchange at the ground/water-atmosphere interface. The Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) employs a single-channel thermal-infrared (TIR) method to retrieve T(sub s) over clear-sky land and ocean surfaces from data taken by geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite imagers. GEO satellites can provide somewhat continuous estimates of T(sub s) over the diurnal cycle in non-polar regions, while polar T(sub s) retrievals from LEO imagers, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), can complement the GEO measurements. The combined global coverage of remotely sensed T(sub s), along with accompanying cloud and surface radiation parameters, produced in near-realtime and from historical satellite data, should be beneficial for both weather and climate applications. For example, near-realtime hourly T(sub s) observations can be assimilated in high-temporal-resolution numerical weather prediction models and historical observations can be used for validation or assimilation of climate models. Key drawbacks to the utility of TIR-derived T(sub s) data include the limitation to clear-sky conditions, the reliance on a particular set of analyses/reanalyses necessary for atmospheric corrections, and the dependence on viewing and illumination angles. Therefore, T(sub s) validation with established references is essential, as is proper evaluation of T(sub s) sensitivity to atmospheric correction source. This article presents improvements on the NASA Langley GEO satellite and AVHRR TIR-based T(sub s) product that is derived using a single-channel technique. The resulting clear-sky skin temperature values are validated with surface references and independent satellite products. Furthermore, an empirically adjusted theoretical model of satellite land surface temperature (LST) angular anisotropy is tested to improve satellite LST retrievals. Application of the anisotropic correction yields reduced mean bias and improved precision of GOES-13 LST relative to independent Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MYD11_L2) LST and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program ground station measurements. It also significantly reduces inter-satellite differences between LSTs retrieved simultaneously from two different imagers. The implementation of these universal corrections into the SatCORPS product can yield significant improvement in near-global-scale, near-realtime, satellite-based LST measurements. The immediate availability and broad coverage of these skin temperature observations should prove valuable to modelers and climate researchers looking for improved forecasts and better understanding of the global climate model.

Scarino, Benjamin R.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Modeling of Sub-Grid Heterogeneity and its Impact on GCM Global Radiation Balance

The spatial and temporal variability of high, low, and mid-level clouds is obtained from ISCCP D1 data. Monthly mean global maps of the observed cloud variability are used to re-scale GCM prognostic cloud optical depths and radiative parameters via the Monte Carlo cloud heterogeneity parameterization that utilizes the existing plane-parallel GCM radiative transfer model to compute radiative fluxes for inhomogeneous cloud distributions. The GCM radiative fluxes at TOA and the ground surface are then compared to ERBE and GEBA results. These comparisons show that including sub-grid cloud variability in the GCM radiative model improves agreement between the GCM radiative energy budget components and observations,

Lacis, Andrew↗
NASA NTRS2006

Offshore Radiation Observations for Climate Research at the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment

When radiometers on a satellite are pointed towards the planet with the goal of understanding a phenomenon quantitatively, rather than just creating a pleasing image, the task at hand is often problematic. The signal at the detector can be affected by scattering, absorption, and emission; and these can be due to atmospheric constituents (gases, clouds, and aerosols), the earth's surface, and subsurface features. When targeting surface phenomena, the remote sensing algorithm needs to account for the radiation associated with the atmospheric constituents. Likewise, one needs to correct for the radiation leaving the surface, when atmospheric phenomena are of interest. Rigorous validation of such remote sensing products is a real challenge. In visible and near infrared wavelengths, the jumble of effects on atmospheric radiation are best accomplished over dark surfaces with fairly uniform reflective properties (spatial homogeneity) in the satellite instrument's field of view (FOV). The ocean's surface meets this criteria; land surfaces - which are brighter, more spatially inhomogeneous, and more changeable with time - generally do not. NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project has used this backdrop to establish a radiation monitoring site in Virginia's coastal Atlantic Ocean. The project, called the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE), is located on a rigid ocean platform allowing the accurate measurement of radiation parameters that require precise leveling and pointing unavailable from ships or buoys. The COVE site is an optimal location for verifying radiative transfer models and remote sensing algorithms used in climate research; because of the platform's small size, there are no island wake effects; and suites of sensors can be simultaneously trained both on the sky and directly on ocean itself. This paper describes the site, the types of measurements made, multiple years of atmospheric and ocean surface radiation observations, and satellite validation results.

Rutledge, Charles K.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2 Shortwave 3 hourly Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2_SW_3HRLY)

The SRB data include the average upward and downward fluxes, photosynthetically active radiative flux, aerosol and cloud optical depth, cloud fraction, and solar zenith angle measured at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 10/31/1995. These SW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Shortwave algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1998-07-26] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=3 hourly; Temporal_Resolution_Range=3 hourly].

ALL SKY SW SURFACE DOWNWARD DIFFUSE FLUX↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2 Shortwave Daily Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2_SW_DAILY)

This data set contains upward and downward fluxes, photosynthetically active radiative flux, aerosol and cloud optical depth, cloud fraction, and solar zenith angle measured at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 10/31/1995. These SW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Shortwave algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1983-07-01; Stop_Date=1998-07-26] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=daily; Temporal_Resolution_Range=daily].

ALL SKY SW SURFACE UPWARD FLUX↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2.5 Longwave 3 hourly Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2.5_LW_3HRLY)

The SRB data include upward and downward fluxes and day/night conditions measured at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 06/30/2005. These LW surface and Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) radiative parameters were derived with the Longwave algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=3 hourly; Temporal_Resolution_Range=3 hourly].

SURFACE LONGWAVE FLUX↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2.5 Longwave Daily Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2.5_LW_DAILY)

This SRB data set contains average Clear-sky upward and downward flux, surface upward and downward flux, and top of the atmosphere (TOA) upward flux measured at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 06/30/2005. These LW surface and Top of Atmosphere (TOA) radiative parameters were derived with the Longwave algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=daily; Temporal_Resolution_Range=daily].

TOA UPWARD LONGWAVE FLUX↗
NASA NTRS2019

Developing an Aircraft-Based Angular Distribution Model of Solar Reflection from Wildfire Smoke to Aid Satellite-Based Radiative Flux Estimation

This study examines the angular distribution of scattered solar radiation associated with wildfire smoke aerosols observed over boreal forests in Canada during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) campaign. First, it estimates smoke radiative parameters (550 nm optical depth of 3.9 and single scattering albedo of 0.90) using quasi-simultaneous multiangular and multispectral airborne measurements by the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR). Next, the paper estimates the broadband top-of-atmosphere radiances that a satellite instrument such as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) could have observed, given the narrowband CAR measurements made from an aircraft circling about a kilometer above the smoke layer. This estimation includes both an atmospheric correction that accounts for the atmosphere above the aircraft and a narrowband-to-broadband conversion. The angular distribution of estimated radiances is found to be substantially different than the angular model used in the operational data processing of CERES observations over the same area. This is because the CERES model is a monthly average model that was constructed using observations taken under smoke-free conditions. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows that the estimated angular distribution remains accurate for a fairly wide range of smoke and underlying surface parameters. Overall, results from this work suggest that airborne CAR measurements can bring some substantial improvements in the accuracy of satellite-based radiative flux estimates.

Varnai, Tamas↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2.5 QC Longwave 3 hourly Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2.5_QCLW_3HRLY)

This data set contains average surface downward longwave flux, surface net longwave flux, and surface longwave cloud radiative forcing at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire glob between 07/01/1983 and 06/30/2005. These LW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Quality-Check LW (QCLW) algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=3-hourly; Temporal_Resolution_Range=3-hourly].

SURFACE DOWNWARD LONGWAVE FLUX↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2.5 QC Longwave Daily Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2.5_QCLW_DAILY)

The data set contains average surface downward longwave flux, surface net longwave flux, and surface longwave cloud radiative forcing measured at three hourly intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 6/30/2005. These LW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Quality-Check LW (QCLW) algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 Degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=daily; Temporal_Resolution_Range=daily].

CLOUD FORCING↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Release 2.5 QC Shortwave Daily Data in Native Format (SRB_REL2.5_QCSW_DAILY)

This data set contains average clear-sky surface insolation, all-sky surface insolation, surface absorbed SW flux, and all-sky surface albedo measured at daily intervals for each day for the entire globe between 07/01/1983 and 06/30/2005. These SW surface radiative parameters were derived with the Quality-Check SW (QCSW) algorithm of the NASA World Climate Research Programme/Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (WCRP/GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Project. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-06-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=1 degree; Longitude_Resolution=Ranges from 1 degree (tropics and subtropics) to 120 degrees (the poles).; Temporal_Resolution=daily; Temporal_Resolution_Range=daily].

SURFACE ABSORBED SW FLUX↗
NASA NTRS1977

Thermal radiation analysis system (TRASYS 2), programmer's manual

TRASYS, the Thermal Radiation Analysis System, is a digital computer software system with a generalized capability to solve the radiation-related aspects of thermal analysis problems. When used in conjunction with a generalized thermal analysis program such as the Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer (SINDA) program, any thermal problem that can be expressed in terms of a lumped parameter, radiation conductor thermal network can be solved. The function of TRASYS is twofold. It provides: 1) Internode radiation interchange data; 2) Incident and absorbed heat rate data from environmental radiant heat sources. Data of both types are provided in a format directly usable by the thermal analyzer programs.

Connor, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Computational fluid dynamics and aerothermodynamics

Approximations applicable to the radiating, reacting, and conducting stagnation region of a hypervelocity vehicle were incorporated into a method for rapidly obtaining approximate solutions. This solution utilizes a coordinate system based upon the origin of the radiative losses and includes in a phenomenologically correct manner the effects of chemical and thermal nonequilibrium, and nonequilibrium, nongray radiative transfer. Results were presented which demonstrate the usefulness of the method and indicate which radiation parameters require further study and definition. Excellent comparisons were obtained with published results for the Fire2 data. An axisymmetric nonequilibrium inverse method was modified and extended and used to investigate and compare various vibration dissociation chemistry coupling models and radiative heat transfer approximations. The similarities, differences, and consequences of using these models in the Aero-assist Orbital Transfer Vehicles flight regime will be discussed.

Carlson, Leland A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

First diurnal results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment

Early results are reported from measurements of the diurnal variability of total and clear-sky regional radiative parameters by the ERBE instruments on one dedicated satellite and the polar-orbiting NOAA-9 satellite. Attention is focused on November 1984, the first complete data set. The scene is identified in terms of longwave and shortwave radiances (daytime) or longwave radiation (night) and maximum likelihood estimates carried out with the addition of Earth Radiation Budget data from Nimbus-7. Analysis of the first data set revealed significant differences between total and clear-sky albedo. The clear-sky and LRE both reach maximum around noon and minimum values at midnight.

Harrison, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Seasonal cloud-radiative forcing over land and ocean derived from ERBE satellites

Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data are analyzed to determine seasonal variations of radiative parameters. Particular attention is given to annual variations of the top-of-the atmosphere zonally averaged outgoing long-wave (LW) and absorbed short-wave (SW) flux, as well as the short- and long-wave components of cloud-radiative forcing. The ERBE results reveal significant seasonal variations in both outgoing LW and absorbed SW flux, and a pronounced difference between oceanic and continental surfaces.

Harrison, Edwin F.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Cirrus parameterization from the FIRE ER-2 observations

Primary goals for the FIRE field experiments were validation of satellite cloud retrievals and study of cloud radiation parameters. The radiometers and lidar observations which were acquired from the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft during the FIRE cirrus field study may be applied to derive quantities which would be applicable for comparison to satellite retrievals and to define the cirrus radiative characteristics. The analysis involves parameterization of the vertical cloud distribution and relative radiance effects. An initial case study from the 28 Oct. 1986 cirrus experiment has been carried out, and results from additional experiment days are to be reported. The observations reported are for 1 day. Analysis of the many other cirrus observation cases from the FIRE study show variability of results.

Spinhirne, James D.↗