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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
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NASA NTRS1975

Remote-sensing applications as utilized in Florida's coastal zone management program

Land use maps were developed from photomaps obtained by remote sensing in order to develop a comprehensive state plan for the protection, development, and zoning of coastal regions. Only photographic remote sensors have been used in support of the coastal council's planning/management methodology. Standard photointerpretation and cartographic application procedures for map compilation were used in preparing base maps.

Worley, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Remote-sensing applications in the State of Mississippi

A computer derived land use classification scheme for infrared LANDSAT imagery was developed and applied to update existing Mississippi coastline data. Inventory classifications were accomplished by photographic enlargement and photointerpretations showing color coded resources on the ground.

Bankston, P. T.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Remote-sensing applications for Texas

The earth resources remote sensing activity of Texas and its applications are reported. A combination of digital, photographic, and traditional methods is being used to manage the water impoundments inventory, a land use survey, a wildlife habitat survey, and a coastal zone survey.

Wells, J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Users report for the Northern Great Plains.

The applications of remote-sensing techniques offer new approaches to many of the present-day problems encountered by various state agencies in South Dakota. The study was completed in three phases. The first report presented the information needs of the state agencies and educational efforts; the second defined the data handling procedures for fulfilling the applications; and the third phase was a development of a dynamic information dissemination plan on a state-wide basis. Aircraft data, satellite imagery, and other remotely sensed information are valuable for decision-making processes. A design for an organization to acquire for the state the advantages of remote-sensing systems for resources research and management has been developed.

Waltz, F. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Geophysical studies of floating ice by remote sensing

This paper presents an overview of recent remote-sensing techniques as applied to geophysical studies of floating ice. The current increase in scientific interest in floating ice has occurred during a time of rapid evolution of both remote-sensing platforms and sensors. Mesoscale and macroscale studies of floating ice are discussed under three sensor categories: visual, passive microwave, and active microwave. The specific studies that are reviewed primarily investigate ice drift and deformation, and ice type and ice roughness identification and distribution.

Campbell, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Correlation of Al/Si X-ray fluorescence data with other remote sensing data from the Taurus-Littrow area

Al/Si intensity ratios from the Apollo 15 X-ray fluorescence experiment have been analyzed in conjunction with such other remote-sensing data as visible albedo measurements, color-difference photographs, and relative spectral reflectivity curves for the purpose of defining geochemical units in the Taurus-Littrow area. A geochemical boundary between the dark-mantle unit and the western edge of the Taurus Mountains is indicated by all the remote-sensing techniques considered. The major component of the ejecta from Catena Littrow, located within the dark-mantle unit, is highland-type material. The areal extent of the ejecta determined from the Al/Si data is at least 30 km along the Apollo 15 ground track. The constraint imposed upon depth to high-alumina material at Catena Littrow is 520 m. If the high-alumina material excavated at Catena Littrow is an extension of the Taurus Mountain 'roots', then the maximum slope of the buried highland surface from Catena Littrow to the Taurus Mountains border is less than 2.0 deg

Andre, C. G.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Hydrologic interpretations based on infrared imagery of Long Island, New York

Six remote-sensing flights over Long Island's north and south shores were made during the period July 13, 1967, to February 25, 1970. Infrared imagery in the 8- to 14-micrometer range was obtained; results varied from poor to excellent in quality. The ability of the RS 7 and Reconofax 4 imagers to discern thermal contrasts of as little as 1 to 2 C (Celsius) permitted identification of areas of heavy ground-water discharge. These areas were concentrated primarily along the eroded headlands of the north shore and in the lower reaches of watercourses draining into Great South Bay. Only a few highly localized examples of direct ground-water discharge into the embayments along Long Island's south shore were detected in the imagery. Thermal loading emanating from a powerplant near Oceanside is shown to be quickly dissipated in Middle Bay. Optimal time for the collection of infrared imagery for hydrologic studies on Long Island is in summer and in winter, when surface-water thermal differences are relatively large.

Pluhowski, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

A relative performance analysis of atmospheric laser Doppler velocimeter methods.

A performance analysis is presented that compares two remote-sensing atmospheric laser Doppler velocimeter systems, one using dual-scatter and the other local-oscillator illuminating techniques. The comparison results show that there exist specific parameter ranges and conditions whereunder the performance of one of the systems is superior to that of the other. A procedure providing a quantitative basis for a judicious system selection is proposed.

Farmer, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Development of an infrared polarimeter

AEROPOL infrared polarimeter was built for measurements microns between 1.1 and 3.5 microns, with a 1.5 degree field of view, using a wire grid polarization analyzer. A PbS detector is cooled by condensed Freon-13. The instrument operates under minicomputer control, giving a polarization least squares solution each 2.5 seconds. AEROPOL was flown on the NASA CV-990 aircraft, in a remote-sensing study of terrestrial cloud particle sizes and shapes.

Coffeen, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Cross beam weather watch study

An optical cross beam correlation method has been proposed as a remote measuring system for atmospheric studies. Atmospheric measurements are limited due to the difficulty of placing measuring instruments at the desired location. Although meteorological towers and balloon flights are able to obtain wind data, they are greatly limited in their location. Thus, a real need exists for remote-sensing instrumentation in atmospheric measurements. Previous methods proposed to remotely sense atmospheric conditions include several types of microwave units, acoustic sounders, infrared sensors, optical sensors, and related laser techniques. The evaluation of a simple visible optical technique as a possible remote measuring system is discussed. A feasibility study of field tests of the instrumentation at meteorological sites is reported.

Sandborn, V. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Physics of planetary ionospheres

The fundamental physical and chemical processes in an idealized planetary ionosphere are considered as a general abstraction, with actual planetary ionospheres representing special cases. After describing the structure of the neutral atmospheres (the barosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere) and noting the principal ionizing radiations responsible for the formation of planetary ionospheres, a detailed study is made of the thermal structure of these ionospheres and of the chemical processes and plasma-transport processes occurring in them. The features of equilibrium and realistic models of planetary ionospheres are discussed, and an attempt is made to determine the extent of these ionospheres. Considering the ionosphere as a plasma, a plasma kinetic approach is developed for determining the effects of interactions between individual particles and waves in this plasma. The use of remote-sensing radio techniques and direct measurement or in situ techniques is discussed. Finally, the observed properties of the ionospheres of the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter are reviewed.

Bauer, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Feasibility study ASCS remote sensing/compliance determination system

A short-term technical study was performed by the MSC Earth Observations Division to determine the feasibility of the proposed Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Automatic Remote Sensing/Compliance Determination System. For the study, the term automatic was interpreted as applying to an automated remote-sensing system that includes data acquisition, processing, and management.

Duggan, I. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Spectral variation in the microwave emissivity of the roughened seas

Recently acquired microwave data obtained from the NASA CV 990 research aircraft have yielded variation of sea surface emissivity as a function of various parameters. Data acquired at a wavelength of 1.5 cm, horizontal polarization, agree with data obtained earlier by Nordberg et al. and Hollinger at nadir and 50 deg viewing angles respectively; the ratio of brightness temperature change to wind speed change was found to be approximately 1 K per meter per second over a wind speed range of 5 to 26 meters per second. Combining these recent measurements with the earlier measurements, it is evident that microwave radiometry can be used as a remote-sensing anemometer over all wind speed ranges of interest. Data analysis revealed that for nadir-viewing instruments, the ratio of brightness temperature change to wind speed change was approximately constant for the 0.8-2.8 cm wavelength range, about three-quarters of that value at 6 cm, and nearly zero at 21 cm. A model is proposed that is consistent with observations.

Gloersen, P.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Airborne infrared polarimeter

An infrared polarimeter was built to measure the degree of linear polarization and the direction of vibration of radiation scattered upwards by clouds, between 1.1 and 3.5 microns, with a 1.5-deg field of view, using a rotating wire-grid polarization analyzer. A PbS detector is cooled to 192 K by condensing freon-13. This AEROPOL instrument operates under minicomputer control, giving a polarization least-squares solution every 2.5 s. The polarimeter was flown on the NASA CV-990 aircraft, in a remote-sensing study of terrestrial cloud particle sizes and shapes.

Coffeen, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Agriculture, forest, and range

The findings and recommendations of the panel for developing a satellite remote-sensing global information system in the next decade are reported. User requirements were identified in five categories: (1) cultivated crops, (2) land resources, (3)water resources, (4)forest management, and (5) range management. The benefits from the applications of satellite data are discussed.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1976

Requirements and capabilities for planetary missions. Volume 2: Mars polar orbiter penetrator 1981

The Mars Polar Orbiter/Penetrator 1981 mission, intended to investigate the manner in which Mars has evolved, and which surveys its geochemistry, performs climatological investigations, and attempts to determine the planet's gravitational field, was described. The spacecraft, modified from the Viking Orbiter design, carries a new remote-sensing payload and six penetrators. The penetrators are released from a 2.46-h, 1000-km sun synchronous circular orbit and interrogated daily throughout the 2-year orbital mission. X-band telemetry is used to increase data return.

Ball, G. G.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Hydrographic charting from LANDSAT Satellite: A comparison with aircraft imagery

The relative capabilities of two remote-sensing systems in measuring depth and, consequently, bottom contours in sandy-bottomed and sediment-laden coastal waters were determined quantitatively. The multispectral scanner (MSS), orbited on the LANDSAT-2 Satellite, and the ocean color scanner (OCS), flown on U-2 aircraft, were used. Analysis of imagery taken simultaneously indicates a potential for hydrographic charting of marine coastal and shallow shelf areas, even when water turbidity is a factor. Several of the eight optical channels examined on the OCS were found to be sensitive to depth or depth-related information. The greatest sensitivity was in OCS-4(0.544 + or - 0.012 microns) from which contours corresponding to depths up to 12m were determined. The sharpness of these contours and their spatial stability through time suggests that upwelling radiance is a measure of bottom reflectance and not of water turbidity. The two visible channels on LANDSAT's MSS were less sensitive in the discrimination of contours, with depths up to 8m in the high-gain mode (3x) determined in MSS-4(0.5 to 0.6 microns).

Middleton, E. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Skylab-EREP studies in computer mapping of terrain in the Cripple Creek-Canon City area of Colorado

Multispectral-scanner data from satellites are used as input to computers for automatically mapping terrain classes of ground cover. Some major problems faced in this remote-sensing task include: (1) the effect of mixtures of classes and, primarily because of mixtures, the problem of what constitutes accurate control data, and (2) effects of the atmosphere on spectral responses. The fundamental principles of these problems are presented along with results of studies of them for a test site of Colorado, using LANDSAT-1 data.

Smedes, H. W.↗