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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
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NASA NTRS1980

Radial velocity study of four southern RS CVn candidates and related field stars

Radial velocity variations are demonstrated for four southern RS CVn candidates: HD 39937, 101379, 155555, and 174429. The period of HD 155555 appears to have decreased by about one part in 100,000 over the past 18 yr. In addition, high-resolution observations of the Ca II H and K profiles and the Mg II 2800-A emission doublet are presented. These enhance the likelihood of these being RS CVn objects. Radial velocity data for 15 other late-type bright field stars are presented. Some of these were observed by Copernicus and may exhibit unusual chromospheres, while the rest lack radial velocity information as tabulated in the Bright Star Catalog. All velocity measures have been corrected to the IAU heliocentric system.

Stacy, J. G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Structure of the star field in the direction of the cluster NGC 6913. 2: Spatial distribution of stars

The space density function for the stars was determined in the Mikly Way field around NGC 6913 in the direction l = 76.9 deg, b = + 0.6 deg (along the local spiral arm toward Cygnus) by means of BV-photometry and spectral classification. O-B3 stars are concentrated at distances of 1 - 2 kpc, the density shows maximum at a distance of 1.6 kpc. There are also concentrations of O-B3 stars at distances of 1.9 and 2.5 kpc. The density for classes AV - FV shows maximum between 400 and 500 pc.

Kolesnik, L. N.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Gamma-ray bursts and neutron star field decay

Assuming a Galactic origin of gamma-ray bursts, we use pulsar data to calculate the spatial distribution of neutron stars and determine the sampling depths of current detectors. Based on these distance limits, we calculate the corresponding age distribution of Galactic neutron stars and apply an exponential field decay model to test whether the observed high incidence rate of cyclotron lines is consistent with suggested field decay time scales of order 10 exp 7 years. We find that the properties of the observed population of gamma-ray bursts are inconsistent with the idea that bursts originate at arbitrary times on neutron stars whose fields decay on time scales shorter than about 10 exp 9 years. Possible interpretations of this inconsistency are discussed.

Hartmann, Dieter↗
NASA NTRS2021

The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars

Accurate stellar properties are essential for precise stellar astrophysics and exoplanetary science. In the M-dwarf regime, much effort has gone into defining empirical relations that can use readily accessible observables to assess physical stellar properties. Often, these relations for the quantity of interest are cast as a nonlinear function of available data; in Bayesian modeling, however, the reverse is needed. In this article, we introduce a new Bayesian framework to self-consistently and simultaneously apply multiple empirical calibrations to fully characterize the mass, luminosity, radius, and effective temperature of a field age M-dwarf. This framework includes a new M-dwarf mass–radius relation with a scatter of 3.1% at fixed mass. We further introduce the M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample (MUSS), and apply our methodology to provide consistent stellar parameters for these nearby low-mass stars, selected as having available spectroscopic data in the ultraviolet. These targets are of interest largely as either exoplanet hosts or benchmarks in multiwavelength stellar activity. We use the field MUSS stars to define a low-mass main sequence in the solar neighborhood through Gaussian Process (GP) regression. These results enable us to empirically measure a feature in the GP derivative at M ⊙ that indicates where the MUSS transitions from fully to partly convective interiors.

J. Sebastian Pineda↗
NASA NTRS1989

Three-micron spectroscopy of highly reddened field stars

Broad absorption features centered at 3.45 microns and at 3.0-3.0 microns towards a number of late-type supergiants in the vicinity of the galactic center were repeatedly reported. Here, 2.0 to 2.5 and 3.0 to 4.0 micron spectra are presented for field late-type highly reddened (A sub V is approximately 17-27) stars located in different regions of the galactic plane more than 20 deg away from the galactic center direction. The observations, made with the 3.6, 2.2, and 1.0 m ESO telescopes at La Silla, Chile, consists of CVF spectra with resolution lambda/delta lambda is approximately or equal to 100 and IRSPEC spectra with resolution lambda/delta lambda is approximately or equal to 700. In the direction of the most highly reddened stars, definitive detections of the 3.45 and the 3.0 to 3.1 micron absorption features are reported. The 3.45 micron feature was attributed to absorption arising in a vibrational transition resulting from the C-H stretching in organic compounds, while the 3.0 to 3.1 micron broader feature are tentatively attributed to O-H bonds. The observations strongly support that the agent producing the 3.45 micron feature, presumably organic molecules, is an important component of the diffuse interstellar medium and is not characteristic only of the galactic center environment.

Tapia, Mauricio↗
NASA NTRS1987

Differential CCD photometry of faint asteroids in crowded star fields and nonphotometric sky conditions

It is demonstrated that the use of an imaging CCD detector array allows photometric observations of comparatively faint asteroids moving rapidly through a complex background of star images. The shortage of observing time is alleviated by taking advantage of the presence of comparison stars that are observed simultaneously on the CCD imaging area and at small angular separations from the asteroid. These reference stars allow the effects of thin cirrus clouds or haze to be compensated to a degree adequate for the acquisition of scientifically original data.

Wisniewski, W. Z.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Compressive Sensing Based Data Acquisition Architecture for Transient Stellar Events in Crowded Star Fields

Compressive sensing is a mathematical technique for simultaneous data acquisition and compression. In this work, we show a CS based architecture for acquiring and reconstructing transient stellar events. This architecture reconstructs a differenced image itself, eliminating the need for any sparse domain transforms, otherwise required for traditional CS reconstruction. The resulting reconstructed differenced image is of critical importance as the information required for generating a time-series photometric light curve is obtained only from a differenced image. Hence, reconstructing a crowded star spatial image, followed by differencing is wasteful. This architecture eliminates the need to 1.) transform an image to a sparse domain, 2.) Reconstruct a dense field, and then apply differencing on the image to obtain the image of critical value. We study the case of microlensing to depict a star source experiencing magnification in time. Our results show that this architecture is able to reconstruct star source magnitudes with magnification factors greater than 1 for clean images with error less than 2% using only 10% of the Nyquist rate samples.

Asmita Korde-Patel↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Compressive Sensing Based Data Acquisition Architecture for Transient Stellar Events in Crowded Star Fields

Compressive sensing is a mathematical technique for simultaneous data acquisition and compression. In this work, we show a CS based architecture for acquiring and reconstructing transient stellar events. This architecture recon-structs a differenced image itself, eliminating the need for any sparse domain transforms, otherwise required for traditional CS reconstruction. The resulting reconstructed differenced image is of critical importance as the information required for generating a time-series photometric light curve is obtained only from a differenced image. Hence, reconstructing a crowded star spatial image, followed by differencing is wasteful. This architecture eliminates the need to 1.) transform an image to a sparse domain, 2.) Reconstruct a dense field, and then apply differencing on the image to obtain the image of critical value. We study the case of microlensing to depict a star source experiencing magnification in time. Our results show that this architecture is able to reconstruct star source magnitudes with magnification factors greater than 1 for clean images with error less than 2% using only 10% of the Nyquist rate samples.

Compressive Sensing, Data acquisition, Image diffe↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Compressive Sensing Based Data Acquisition Architecture for Transient Stellar Events in Crowded Star Fields

Compressive sensing is a mathematical technique for simultaneous data acquisition and compression. In this work, we show a CS based architecture for acquiring and reconstructing transient stellar events. This architecture recon-structs a differenced image itself, eliminating the need for any sparse domain transforms, otherwise required for traditional CS reconstruction. The resulting reconstructed differenced image is of critical importance as the information required for generating a time-series photometric light curve is obtained only from a differenced image. Hence, reconstructing a crowded star spatial image, followed by differencing is wasteful. This architecture eliminates the need to 1.) transform an image to a sparse domain, 2.) Reconstruct a dense field, and then apply differencing on the image to obtain the image of critical value. We study the case of microlensing to depict a star source experiencing magnification in time. Our results show that this architecture is able to reconstruct star source magnitudes with magnification factors greater than 1 for clean images with error less than 2% using only 10% of the Nyquist rate samples.

Asmita Korde-patel↗
NASA NTRS1980

A survey of chromospheric Ca II H and K emission in field stars of the solar neighborhood

Fluxes in 1 A bands at the centers of the H and K lines are being measured in main-sequence F-G-K-M stars in the northern half of the Woolley et al. (1970) 'Catalog of stars within twenty-five parsecs of the sun', in a survey not yet completed. Results for 486 stars are presented in the form of flux-color diagrams and discussed in light of evidence that chromospheric activity declines with age in main-sequence stars. Support is noted for the reality of the Sirius moving group. The relative numbers of more-active (Hyades-like) and less-active (solar-like) F-G stars are tolerably in agreement with a nearly constant rate of formation, but there exists an apparent deficiency in the number of F-G stars exhibiting intermediate activity. The possibility that the gap is an accidental characteristic of the sample will be investigated by extending the survey to southern declinations and greater distances.

Vaughan, A. H.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Absolute proper motions to B approximately 22.5: Evidence for kimematical substructure in halo field stars

Radial velocities have been obtained for six of nine stars identified on the basis of similar distances and common, extreme transverse velocities in the proper motion survey of Majewski (1992) as a candidate halo moving group at the north Galactic pole. These radial velocities correspond to velocities perpendicular to the Galactic plane which span the range -48 +/- 21 to -128 +/- 9 km/sec (but a smaller range, -48 +/- 21 to -86 +/- 19 km/sec, when only our own measurements are considered), significantly different than the expected distribution, with mean 0 km/sec, for a random sample of either halo or thick disk stars. The probability of picking such a set of radial velocities at random is less than 1%. Thus the radial velocity data support the hypothesis that these stars constitute part of a halo moving group or star stream at a distance of approximately 4-5 kpc above the Galactic plane. If real, this moving group is evidence for halo phase space substructure which may be the fossil remains of a destroyed globular cluster, Galactic satellite, or Searle & Zinn (1978) 'fragment.'

Majewski, Steven R.↗
NASA NTRS1998

The Problem of Hipparcos Distances to Open Clusters. II. Constraints from Nearby Field Theory: ClustersConstraints from nearly Field Stars - Report 2

This paper examines the discrepancy between distances to nearby open clusters as determined by parallaxes from Hipparcos compared to traditional main-sequence fitting. The biggest difference is seen for the Pleiades, and our hypothesis is that if the Hipparcos distance to the Pleiades is correct, then similar subluminous zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) stars should exist elsewhere, including in the immediate solar neighborhood. We examine a color-magnitude diagram of very young and nearby solar-type stars and show that none of them lie below the traditional ZAMS, despite the fact that the Hipparcos Pleiades parallax would place its members 0.3 mag below that ZAMS. We also present analyses and observations of solar-type stars that do lie below the ZAMS, and we show that they are subluminous because of low metallicity and that they have the kinematics of old stars.

Soderblom, David R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

AIROscope stellar acquisition

The acquisition system which operates in conjunction with a balloon-borne TV system, boresighted to a telescope is described. It has two main functions, a star field monitor and an offset star tracker. The design of the system was strongly influenced by the TV camera, which uses the same interlaced scanning system as is employed in commercial television broadcasting. To reduce power and bandwidth requirements, the star field information transmitted in our system consists only of the horizontal and vertical coordinates of each star and its brightness. As a star field monitor the system provides video thresholding, camera blemish suppression, coordinate digitization in 3 axes, circuity to recognize as single star the dispersed video signals resulting from one star overlapping adjacent scanning lines and storage of all signals for readout by the telemetry at appropriate times.

Deboo, G. J.↗