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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd(C5N)12 by Materials Project

CdN10(C)60N2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two ammonia molecules, sixty medicinal charcoal molecules, and one CdN10 cluster. In the CdN10 cluster, Cd2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six N3- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–N bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.19 Å. There are five inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cd2+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cd2+ and one N3- atom. The N–N bond length is 3.27 Å. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two N3- atoms. The N–N bond length is 3.38 Å. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cd2+ and two N3- atoms. The N–N bond length is 3.14 Å. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu2H13C2S2NO11 by Materials Project

(CH3)2Cu2H5S2O11NH2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four ammonia molecules; eight medicinal charcoal molecules; and two Cu2H5S2O11 sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In each Cu2H5S2O11 sheet, there are three inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with three SO4 tetrahedra and edges with two CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.45 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.70 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra, corners with four SO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.44 Å. There are five inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.68 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) H–O bond length. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–57°. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.51 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–58°. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.51 Å. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Cu1+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Cu1+ and one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two H1+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two H1+ and one S2- atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Cu1+ and one S2- atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu1+ and one S2- atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu1+ and one S2- atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu1+ and one S2- atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cu1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Cu1+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

First Report of the Nuclear Data Subcommittee of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Accurate, reliable nuclear data is essential for the success of Federal missions such as nonproliferation, nuclear forensics, homeland security, national defense, space exploration, clean energy generation, and scientific research. Data access is also key to innovative commercial developments such as new medicines, automated industrial controls, energy exploration, energy security, nuclear reactor design, and isotope production. The United States Nuclear Data Program (USNDP) is the domestic custodian of nuclear data. In its April 2022 meeting, the DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee was charged with preparing two reports on nuclear data. In this first report, we review recent accomplishments of the USNDP and discuss complementary and collaborative international efforts. Detailed descriptions of nuclear data needs for basic science, nonproliferation, national security, nuclear energy together with medical and space applications are also presented. Lastly, a set of specific cross-cutting nuclear data needs with relevance for multiple applications areas are also identified for further discussion in a follow-on report planned for release at the end of January 2023.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ru4C14O13 by Materials Project

(Ru)4C(CO)13 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twenty-six formaldehyde molecules, two medicinal charcoal molecules, and eight rutenio molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on B9C by Materials Project

B9C crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eighteen boron, metallic molecules and two medicinal charcoal molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

First-Principles Simulation of Beam-Induced Processes Underlying Atomic Manipulation in Electron Microscopes

The development of experimental methods and apparatuses capable of promoting atomically precise material manipulations holds great promise for realizing the ultimate limit of feature miniaturization in materials and devices. The ability to modify materials atom by atom is anticipated to usher in new technologies in areas as diverse as separation science, medicine, and quantum information science. Historically, scanning probe-based techniques have been the most prominent approaches in this space. However, these methods are best suited for the manipulation of surface-exposed regions of materials, as the strong perturbations required for bond scission are delivered most effectively to atoms in the near-proximity to the scanning probe. In contrast, convergent electron beams with energies tuned slightly below the threshold for inducing irreversible knock-on damage have recently been employed (within scanning transmission electron microscopy) to promote atomic-scale bond rearrangements in various beam-stable solids. Currently, however, the efficiency and selectivity of beam-induced atomic manipulation processes with focused electron beams are such that long irradiation times are required to induce a desired atomic rearrangement. With a better understanding of the underlying physics dictating the outcome of a given irradiation event, methods can be devised to improve the efficiency of these techniques so that their promise can be fully realized through widespread adoption.To this end, this Account details our recent efforts to develop and apply tractable first-principles simulation approaches for studying the response of materials to electric beam-like external electric potentials applied in real space. We briefly review the concepts and capabilities in the area of atomically precise materials manipulation and review the early demonstrations of accomplishments in this area, focusing on studies using scanned convergent electron beam probes in particular. We expound upon the depth of the challenge and identify critical shortcomings of theoretical methods that have previously been employed in the simulation of beam-induced processes. We then describe the computational methods that we have generalized from the concepts and tools most commonly applied to the study of molecular photochemistry and how our adaptations of these methods can be employed to capture the relevant dynamical phenomena for beam-induced processes ranging from the initial electron scattering to the ensuing multistate reactions. Here, we contextualize these methods within the current state of the art in this area, which has historically focused primarily on the simulation of inelastic image formation in the electron microscope for the purpose of interpreting the results of quantitative electron microscopy experiments. We demonstrate that the spatial distribution of state-specific excitation rates due to the presence of an external (probe) electric charge is inhomogeneous, such that irradiation at particular locations in materials can favor specific electronic transitions (and disallow others). In addition to the potential for excited-state reaction pathways to be accessed through the initial inelastic scattering of the tightly focused electron beam from the targeted atoms, we also identify favorable conditions for the electronically nonadiabatic evolution of the highly vibrationally excited system to open complex multistate reaction pathways. Implications of the early results for understanding the mechanisms and potential routes to improved efficiency and selectivity in beam-induced reactions are discussed. We conclude with a summary of the current state of theory and modeling capabilities in this area and provide our perspective on future directions for theoretical and experimental developments that we view as crucial to advancing the use of convergent electron beams in mode-specific, atomically precise platforms for direct-write materials modifications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C61O2 by Materials Project

(C)60CO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two carbon dioxide molecules and one hundred and twenty medicinal charcoal molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnP3C4NO12 by Materials Project

CZn(PO4)3C3N crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two 1-azatricyclo[1.1.0.0^{2,4}]butane molecules; two medicinal charcoal molecules; and one Zn(PO4)3 cluster. In the Zn(PO4)3 cluster, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.94 Å) and two longer (1.96 Å) Zn–O bond length. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.56 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.56 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.54 Å) and one longer (1.55 Å) P–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C5F6 by Materials Project

(C)2(CF2)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of forty-eight difluoromethane molecules and thirty-two medicinal charcoal molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NiC4NCl3 by Materials Project

NiCl3CC3N crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two 1-azatricyclo[1.1.0.0^{2,4}]butane molecules; two medicinal charcoal molecules; and one NiCl3 ribbon oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In the NiCl3 ribbon, Ni2+ is bonded to six Cl1- atoms to form face-sharing NiCl6 octahedra. All Ni–Cl bond lengths are 2.30 Å. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Ni2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Ni2+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Ni2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeH20C8NCl4 by Materials Project

(C2H5)4NFeCl4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pca2_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four ethanaminium, n-ethyl-n,n-dimethyl- molecules; eight medicinal charcoal molecules; and four tetrachloroiron molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

The 20th Gray lecture 2019: Health and heavy ions

Particle radiobiology has contributed new understanding of radiation safety and underlying mechanisms of action to radiation oncology for the treatment of cancer, and to planning of radiation protection for space travel. This manuscript will highlight the significance of precise physical and biologically effective dosimetry to this translational research for the benefit of human health. This review provides a brief snapshot of the evolving scientific basis for, and the complex current global status, and remaining challenges of hadron therapy for the treatment of cancer. The need for particle radiobiology for risk planning in return missions to the Moon, and exploratory deep-space missions to Mars and beyond are also discussed.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Remote sensing of planetary boundary layer from ground and space: Structure, thermodynamics, and boundary layer clouds

The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a critical interface between Earth's surface and atmosphere, influencing atmospheric convection, weather patterns, and air quality. Recognized by the 2017 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Earth Science Decadal Survey as an Incubation Targeted Observable, high-quality and effective observation of the PBL has become a priority. This paper reviews surface-based and satellite remote sensing techniques for characterizing PBL features, including PBL height (PBLH), boundary layer thermodynamics, turbulence, and boundary layer clouds (BLCs). These elements are treated as interconnected aspects of the PBL system, while recognizing that different instruments retrieve different physical manifestations of the PBL. The review summarizes recent advances and limitations in Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL), Doppler lidar, Raman lidar, Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), ceilometers, wind profilers, GNSS Radio Occultation, radar, and hyperspectral sounders. These observations help trace dynamic processes within the PBL and link PBL structure to broader weather and climate processes. The review also highlights persistent observational gaps over oceans, remote land, and polar regions, where continuous surface-based profiling is sparse. By comparing instrument capabilities, practical limitations, and interpretation issues, this review emphasizes the need for integrated remote sensing approaches and careful definition of the retrieved PBL quantities.

Boundary layer clouds↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C15Br7 by Materials Project

(C)9(BrC)6Br crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twenty-four bromomethane molecules, two dibromine molecules, four ethyne molecules, and twenty-eight medicinal charcoal molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effects of Proton Irradiation on the Performance of Skipper CCDs

Skipper CCDs are a mature detector technology that has been suggested for future space telescope instruments requiring sub-electron readout noise in the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. While modern skipper CCDs inherit from the radiation-tolerant p-channel detectors developed by LBNL, the effects of high doses of ionizing radiation on skipper CCDs (such as those expected in space) remains largely unmeasured. We report preliminary results on the performance of p-channel skipper CCDs following irradiation with 217-MeV protons at the Northwestern Medicine Proton Center. The total nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) experienced by the detectors exceeds 6 years at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2 (L2). We demonstrate that the skipper amplifier continues to function as expected following this irradiation. Owing to the low readout noise of these detectors, controlled irradiation tests can be used to sensitively characterize the charge transfer inefficiency, dark current, and the density and time constants of charge traps as a function of proton fluence. We conclude with a brief outlook toward future tests of these detectors at other proton and gamma-ray facilities.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Machine Learning on a Robotic Platform for the Design of Polymer–Protein Hybrids

Polymer–protein hybrids are intriguing materials that can bolster protein stability in non-native environments, thereby enhancing their utility in diverse medicinal, commercial, and industrial applications. One stabilization strategy involves designing synthetic random copolymers with compositions attuned to the protein surface, but rational design is complicated by the vast chemical and composition space. Here, a strategy is reported to design protein-stabilizing copolymers based on active machine learning, facilitated by automated material synthesis and characterization platforms. The versatility and robustness of the approach is demonstrated by the successful identification of copolymers that preserve, or even enhance, the activity of three chemically distinct enzymes following exposure to thermal denaturing conditions. Although systematic screening results in mixed success, active learning appropriately identifies unique and effective copolymer chemistries for the stabilization of each enzyme. Overall, this work broadens the capabilities to design fit-for-purpose synthetic copolymers that promote or otherwise manipulate protein activity, with extensions toward the design of robust polymer–protein hybrid materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Ka-band linearizer for the Ultra-Compact X-ray free-electron laser at UCLA

There is a strong demand for accelerating structures able to achieve higher gradients and more compact dimensions for the next generation of linear accelerators for research, industrial and medical applications. Notably innovative technologies will permit compact and affordable advanced accelerators as the linear collider and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with accelerating gradients over twice the value achieved with current technologies. In particular XFELs are able to produce coherent X-ray pulses with peak brightness 10 orders of magnitude greater than preceding approaches, which has revolutionized numerous research fields through imaging of the nanoscopic world at the time and length scale of atom-based systems, that is of femtosecond and Angstrom. There is a strong interest for combining these two fields, to form a proper tool with the goal of producing a very compact XFEL in order to investigate multi-disciplinary topics in chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine and physics. In the framework of the Ultra-Compact XFEL project under study at the University of California, Los Angeles, a high gradient radio-frequency accelerating structure for the longitudinal phase-space linearization with an integrated voltage of at least 15 MV working on 6th harmonic of the main Linac frequency is required. We here present the electromagnetic design of a cryogenic normal-conducting 8 cm long Ka-band standing-wave linearizer working on π mode with a target accelerating gradient beyond 100 MV/m. The studies have been performed analytically and numerically to investigate the beam dynamics and electromagnetic issues.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗