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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Taxonomy for Common-Cause Failure Vulnerability and Mitigation

Applying current guidance and practices for common-cause failure (CCF) mitigation to digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems has proven problematic, and the regulatory environment has been unpredictable. The potential for CCF vulnerability inhibits I&C modernization, thereby challenging the long-term sustainability of existing plants. For new plants and advanced reactor concepts, concern about CCF vulnerability in highly integrated digital I&C systems imposes a design burden that results in higher costs and increased complexity. The regulatory uncertainty in determining which mitigation strategies will be acceptable (e.g., what diversity is needed and how much is sufficient) drives designers to adopt complicated, costly solutions devised for existing plants. To address the conditions that constrain the transition to digital I&C technology by the US nuclear industry, crosscutting research is needed to resolve uncertainty, demonstrate necessary characteristics, and establish an objective basis for qualification of digital technology for nuclear power plant (NPP) I&C applications. To fulfill this research need, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is investigating mitigation of CCF vulnerability for nuclear-qualified applications. The outcome of this research is expected to contribute to a fundamentally sound, comprehensive basis to qualify digital technology for nuclear power applications. This report documents the development of a CCF taxonomy. The basis for the CCF taxonomy was generated by determining consistent terminology and establishing a classification approach. The terminology is based on definitions from standards, guides, and relevant nuclear power industry technical reports. The classification approach is derived from identified classification schemes focused on I&C systems and key characteristics, including failure modes. The CCF taxonomy provides the basis for a systematic organization of key systems aspects relevant to analyzing the potential for CCF vulnerability and the suitability of mitigation techniques. Development of an effective CCF taxonomy will help to provide a framework for establishing the objective analysis and assessment capabilities desired to facilitate rigorous identification of fault types and triggers that are the fundamental elements of CCF.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2015

Phase-Angle Dependence of Determinations of Diameter, Albedo, and Taxonomy: A Case Study of NEO 3691 Bede

Parameters important for NEO risk assessment and mitigation include Near-Earth Object diameter and taxonomic classification, which translates to surface composition. Diameters of NEOs are derived from the thermal fluxes measured by WISE, NEOWISE, Spitzer Warm Mission and ground-based telescopes including the IRTF and UKIRT. Diameter and its coupled parameters Albedo and IR beaming parameter (a proxy for thermal inertia and/or surface roughness) are dependent upon the phase angle, which is the Sun-target-observer angle. Orbit geometries of NEOs, however, typically provide for observations at phase angles greater than 20 degrees. At higher phase angles, the observed thermal emission is sampling both the day and night sides of the NEO. We compare thermal models for NEOs that exclude (NEATM) and include (NESTM) night-side emission. We present a case study of NEO 3691 Bede, which is a higher albedo object, X (Ec) or Cgh taxonomy, to highlight the range of H magnitudes for this object (depending on the albedo and phase function slope parameter G), and to examine at different phase angles the taxonomy and thermal model fits for this NEO. Observations of 3691 Bede include our observations with IRTF+SpeX and with the 10 micrometer UKIRT+Michelle instrument, as well as WISE and Spitzer Warm mission data. By examining 3691 Bede as a case study, we highlight the interplay between the derivation of basic physical parameters and observing geometry, and we discuss the uncertainties in H magnitude, taxonomy assignment amongst the X-class (P, M, E), and diameter determinations. Systematic dependencies in the derivation of basic characterization parameters of H-magnitude, diameter, albedo and taxonomy with observing geometry are important to understand. These basic characterization parameters affect the statistical assessments of the NEO population, which in turn, affects the assignment of statistically-assessed basic parameters to discovered but yet-to-be-fully-characterized NEOs.

Albedo and taxonomy↗
NASA NTRS1985

Distributed computer taxonomy based on O/S structure

The taxonomy considers the resource structure at the operating system level. It compares a communication based taxonomy with the new taxonomy to illustrate how the latter does a better job when related to the client's view of the distributed computer. The results illustrate the fundamental features and what is required to construct fully distributed processing systems. The problem of using network computers on the space station is addressed. A detailed discussion of the taxonomy is not given here. Information is given in the form of charts and diagrams that were used to illustrate a talk.

Foudriat, Edwin C.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Developing a Gap Taxonomy to Address Crew Health Risks in NASA's Human Research Program

The mission of NASA's Human Research Program (HRP) is to understand and reduce the risk to crew health and performance in exploration missions. The HRP addresses 27 specific risks by identifying and then filling gaps in understanding the risks and in the ability to disposition the risks. The primary bases for identifying gaps have been past experience and requirements definition. This approach has been very effective in identifying some important, relevant gaps, but may be inadequate for identifying gaps outside the past experience base. We are exploring the use of a gap taxonomy as a comprehensive, underlying conceptual framework that allows a more systematic identification of gaps. The taxonomy is based on these stages in medical care: prediction, prevention, detection/diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, rehabilitation, and lifetime surveillance. This gap taxonomy approach identifies new gaps in HRP health risks. Many of the new gaps suggest risk reduction approaches that are more cost effective than present approaches. A major benefit of the gap taxonomy approach is to identify new, economical approaches that reduce the likelihood and/or consequence of a risk.

Kundrot, Craig E.↗
NASA NTRS2018

A Rain Taxonomy for Degraded Visual Environment Mitigation

This Technical Memorandum (TM) provides a description of a rainfall taxonomy that defines the detailed characteristics of naturally occurring rainfall. The taxonomy is based on raindrop size measurements collected around the globe and encompasses several different climate types. Included in this TM is a description of these rainfall observations, an explanation of methods used to process those data, and resultant metrics comprising the rain taxonomy database. Each of the categories in the rain taxonomy are characterized by a unique set of raindrop sizes that can be used in simulations of electromagnetic wave propagation through a rain medium.

meteorology↗
DOE OSTI2014

Microbial taxonomy in the post-genomic era: Rebuilding from scratch?

Microbial taxonomy should provide adequate descriptions of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbial diversity in ecological, clinical, and industrial environments. We re-evaluated the prokaryote species twice. It is time to revisit polyphasic taxonomy, its principles, and its practice, including its underlying pragmatic species concept. We will be able to realize an old dream of our predecessor taxonomists and build a genomic-based microbial taxonomy, using standardized and automated curation of high-quality complete genome sequences as the new gold standard.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Gene sharing networks to automate genome-based prokaryotic viral taxonomy

Viruses of bacteria and archaea impact natural, engineered and human ecosystems, but their study is hampered by the lack of a universal or scalable taxonomic framework. Furthermore we introduce vConTACT v2.0, a network-based application to establish prokaryotic virus taxonomy that scales to thousands of uncultivated virus genomes, and integrates distance-based hierarchical clustering and confidence scores for all taxonomic predictions. Performance tests demonstrated significant improvements over the original tool and near-identical (96%) correspondence to current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) viral taxonomy where genus-level assignments are available. Beyond these “known viruses”, vConTACT v2.0 suggested automatic genus assignments for 1,364 previously unclassified reference viruses, with perfectly scoring assignments submitted as new taxonomic proposals to ICTV. Scaling experiments with 15,280 global ocean large viral genome fragments demonstrated that the reference network was rapidly scalable and robust to adding large-scale viral metagenomic datasets. Together these efforts provide a critically-needed, systematically classified reference network and an accurate, scalable, and automatable taxonomic analysis tool.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

A taxonomy of constraints in black-box simulation-based optimization

The types of constraints encountered in black-box simulation-based optimization problems differ significantly from those addressed in nonlinear programming. Here, we introduce a characterization of constraints to address this situation. We provide formal definitions for several constraint classes and present illustrative examples in the context of the resulting taxonomy. This taxonomy, denoted KARQ, is useful for modeling and problem formulation, as well as optimization software development and deployment. It can also be used as the basis for a dialog with practitioners in moving problems to increasingly solvable branches of optimization.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Taxonomy of USA east coast fishing communities in terms of social vulnerability and resilience

Increased concern with the impacts that changing coastal environments can have on coastal fishing communities led to a recent effort by NOAA Fisheries social scientists to develop a set of indicators of social vulnerability and resilience for the U.S. Southeast and Northeast coastal communities. A goal of the NOAA Fisheries social vulnerability and resilience indicator program is to support time and cost effective use of readily available data in furtherance of both social impact assessments of proposed changes to fishery management regulations and climate change adaptation planning. The use of the indicators to predict the response to change in coastal communities would be enhanced if community level analyses could be grouped effectively. This study examines the usefulness of combining 1130 communities into 35 relevant subgroups by comparing results of a numerical taxonomy with data collected by interview methods, a process herein referred to as “ground-truthing.” The validation of the taxonomic method by the method of ground-truthing indicates that the clusters are adequate to be used to select communities for in-depth research. - Highlights: • We develop a taxonomy of fishing communities based on vulnerability indicators. • We validate the community clusters through the use of surveys (“ground-truthing”). • Clusters differ along important aspects of fishing community vulnerability. • Clustering communities allows for accurate and timely social impact assessments.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

A New Genomics-Driven Taxonomy of Bacteria and Archaea: Are We There Yet?

Taxonomy is often criticized for being too conservative and too slow and having limited relevance because it has not taken into consideration the latest methods and findings. Yet the cumulative work product of its practitioners underpins contemporary microbiology and serves as a principal means of shaping and referencing knowledge. Here, using methods drawn from the field of exploratory data analysis, this minireview examines the current state of the field as it transitions from a taxonomy based on 16S rRNA gene sequences to one based on whole-genome sequences and tests the validity of some commonly held beliefs.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

CPGminer: An Interactive Dashboard to Explore the Genomic Features and Taxonomy of Complete Prokaryotic Genomes

Prokaryotes, the earliest forms of life on Earth, play crucial roles in global biogeochemical processes in virtually all ecosystems. The ever-increasing amount of prokaryotic genome sequencing data provides a wealth of information to examine fundamental and applied questions through systematic genome comparison. Genomic features, such as genome size and GC content, and taxonomy-centric genomic features of complete prokaryotic genomes (CPGs) are crucial for various fields of microbial research and education, yet they are often overlooked. Additionally, creating systematically curated datasets that align with research concerns is an essential yet challenging task for wet-lab researchers. In this study, we introduce CPGminer, a user-friendly tool that allows researchers to quickly and easily examine the genomic features and taxonomy of CPGs and curate genome datasets. We also provide several examples to demonstrate its practical utility in addressing descriptive questions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2006

Developing Integrated Taxonomies for a Tiered Information Architecture

This viewgraph presentation reviews the concept of developing taxonomies for an information architecture. In order to assist people in accessing information required to access information and retrieval, including cross repository searching, a system of nested taxonomies is being developed. Another facet of this developmental project is collecting and documenting attributes about people, to allow for several uses: access management, i.e., who are you and what can you see?; targeted content delivery i.e., what content helps you get your work done?; w ork force planning i.e., what skill sets do you have that we can appl y to work?; and IT Services i.e., How can we provision you with the proper IT services?

information architecture↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Proposed Taxonomy for Advanced Air Mobility

There has been a large growth in interest of utilizing new technologies—most notably electrified propulsion and automation—as well as new business models to bring aviation services into the daily lives of a greater segment of society. Generally, these services are envisioned to augment existing ground modes of transportation or to enable new operating capabilities for shorter-range aviation missions. These services, which have become known as advanced air mobility (AAM), include passenger transportation, cargo transportation, and aerial work missions, such as aerial photography. In this paper we describe advanced air mobility and provide a framework based on demand and supply concepts that can be used for developing a taxonomy for AAM with a focus on passenger applications. This taxonomy is intended to facilitate the nascent AAM stakeholder community in adopting a common terminology and to enable better coordination among disparate AAM research and development activities.

advanced air mobility↗
NASA NTRS2022

T-Rex: The NASA Technology Taxonomy Recommender System

NASA tracks over 16,000 technology projects across the Agency, from propulsion systems to software. These projects are classified according to NASA’s Technology Taxonomy to facilitate data search, extraction, and application. In 2020, the Taxonomy was revised to better align strategic goals with project technical disciplines. Manual re-classification of cur-rent and historical projects was estimated to take thousands of technologist labor hours. Instead of manual classification, our team developed T-Rex, a recommender engine, trained on just a small set of manually classified projects. T-Rex was used to classify the projects and then integrate the data into TechPort to recommend classes to users when updating projects. The system and methodology are used in other NASA projects, and T-Rex has achieved 95% accepted accuracy overall.

Space Technology↗
DOE OSTI2012

A Summary of Taxonomies of Digital System Failure Modes Provided by the DigRel Task Group

Recently, the CSNI directed WGRisk to set up a task group called DIGREL to initiate a new task on developing a taxonomy of failure modes of digital components for the purposes of PSA. It is an important step towards standardized digital I&C reliability assessment techniques for PSA. The objective of this paper is to provide a comparison of the failure mode taxonomies provided by the participants. The failure modes are classified in terms of their levels of detail. Software and hardware failure modes are discussed separately.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales : update 2016

In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families ( Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae ), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status ( Pneumoviridae ), the addition of five free-floating genera ( Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus , and Wastrivirus ), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. In this article we present the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Unified epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic taxonomy of Alzheimer’s disease progression and heterogeneity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with abnormalities in multiple biological domains. In an advanced machine learning analysis of postmortem brain and in vivo blood multi-omics molecular data ( N = 1863), we integrated epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles into a multilevel biological AD taxonomy. We obtained a personalized multilevel molecular index of AD dementia progression that predicts severity of neuropathologies, and identified three robust molecular-based subtypes that explain much of the pathologic and clinical heterogeneity of AD. These subtypes present distinct patterns of alteration in DNA methylation, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, identifiable in the brain and subsequently in blood. In addition, the genetic variations that predispose to the various AD subtypes in brain predict distinct spatial patterns of alteration in cell types, suggesting a unique influence of each putative AD variant on neuropathological mechanisms. These observations support that an individually tailored multi-omics molecular taxonomy of AD may represent distinct targets for preventive or treatment interventions.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Prompt-Based Development of Domain-Specific Taxonomies

Framework for interacting with prompt-based LLMs (Large Language Models such as, but not limited to, ChatGPT) in order to develop domain specific taxonomies. The software itself is a series of prompts designed to extract hierarchical taxonomy categories from an LLM, as well as guidelines for how to fine-tune LLMs in order to provide better domain-specific taxonomic categories.

Grundy, Jon [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory↗