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DOE OSTI2021

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density and SWE Measurements at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2018

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) for three consecutive years - 2016, 2017, and 2018. This dataset contains one *.pdf user guide and four *.csv data files spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), temperature at the snow surface and at the bottom of the snowpack, and snow density as a function of depth from top of snowpack. Data was collected toward the end of the winter season, typically in late March or early April, when the snowpack would be near its maximum. In 2016, snow depth measurements were taken using either a thaw probe or avalanche probe. In 2017 and 2018 a Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Continuous soil temperature and soil deformation measurements, Teller road Mile 47, Nome, Alaska.

The dataset comprises Soil Temperature and Deformation monitoring data gathered from a watershed situated along the Nome-Teller road at Mile 47 in Alaska. Its primary objective is to enhance comprehension of deformation mechanisms in permafrost environments by using 51 probes designed following Wielandt et al. (2022). The dataset comprises a description of Probe_ID, Location, start time, end time and probe length in the "ProbesLocations_StartEndDates.csv" file, the 51 data files encapsulated within "Data_files.zip" and the computed deformation for 2023 and 2022 in "Deformation_T47.zip".Each file in Data_files.zip is named as followed "ProbeId_StartMonth_EndMonth.csv". Within each file, the initial column denotes the timestamp in UTC, followed by the sensor’s battery voltage and temperature and acceleration values (X, Y, Z) in subsequent columns. The data collection frequency is set at 30-minute intervals. Each file in Deformation_T47.zip is named as followed "ProbeId_Temp_def_year.csv". Within each file, the initial column denotes the timestamp in UTC, followed by the temperature at each sensor and cumulative deformation from last to first sensor in subsequent columns. The data collection is daily averaged.This dataset forms an integral component of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic). The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

iButton and Tinytag snow temperature measurements at Teller 27 and Kougarok 64, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2021-2022

Snow temperature measurements were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) and at the Kougarok Road Site at mile marker 64 (KG_MM64) on the Seward Peninsula. Data were collected from October 1, 2021 to August 16, 2022 using iButton Link DS1926-F5# Thermochron miniature temperature sensors (https://www.ibuttonlink.com/products/ds1921g) and Tinytag TGP-4017 internal sensors (https://www.micronmeters.com/product/tgp-4017-internal-sensor-40-to-85-c-40-f-to-185-f) deployed across the Kougarok and Teller sites. These sensors are a cost-efficient way to collect snowpack temperatures at a higher spatial resolution than what is normally achieved. iButton data were collected every 4 hours beginning on October 1, 2021. Tinytag data collection began between October 9 and October 12, 2021 depending on sensor installation date. Tinytag data were collected every 30 minutes. In total, data were collected from 236 iButtons and 30 Tinytags. This dataset contains four *.csv files of near-ground surface temperatures at various locations throughout each study site and four *.shp files of sensor locations. Data were collected throughout the snow cover season so that snowpack characteristics could be derived using the temperature data. Sensors were placed both inside and outside of vegetation to better capture the spatial variability of snow properties across each domain. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

iButton snow temperature measurements at Teller 27 and Kougarok 64, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2019-2020

Snow temperature measurements were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) and at the Kougarok Road Site at mile marker 64 (KG_MM64) on the Seward Peninsula. Data were collected from October 1, 2021 to August 16, 2022 using iButton Link DS1926-F5# Thermochron miniature temperature sensors (https://www.ibuttonlink.com/products/ds1921g) and Tinytag TGP-4017 internal sensors (https://www.micronmeters.com/product/tgp-4017-internal-sensor-40-to-85-c-40-f-to-185-f) deployed across the Kougarok and Teller sites. These sensors are a cost-efficient way to collect snowpack temperatures at a higher spatial resolution than what is normally achieved. iButton data were collected every 4 hours beginning on October 1, 2021. Tinytag data collection began between October 9, 2021 and October 12, 2021 depending on the specific Tinytag and data were collected every 30 minutes. In total, data were collected from 236 iButtons and 30 Tinytags. This dataset contains four *.csv files of near-ground surface temperatures at various locations throughout each study site and four *.shp files of sensor locations. Data were collected throughout the snow cover season so that snowpack characteristics could be derived using the temperature data. Sensors were placed both inside and outside of vegetation to better capture the spatial variability of snow properties across each domain.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterization of Soil and Rock Magnetic Properties along Multiple Hillslope Transects at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2018 and 2023

The magnetometer data was collected in multiple directions across the watershed hillslope at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska over multiple years in March 2018 and April 2023. The magnetic data were collected using a Geometrics Inc. G-858 gradiometer and G-857 base station in 2018 and the G-864 gradiometer and G857 base station in 2023. The data was collected (in all instances) by towing the gradiometer behind a snow machine around the watershed with the two sensors in a vertical profile with constant spacing during the continuous survey in that specific year. Magnetic total field measurements were collected by gradiometer and base station, and the data processing was performed in Geometrics MagMap2000 software. The processing steps were limited to removal of data spikes (despiking), reading dropouts, and correction/removal of bad GPS points. All offsets between sensors and GPS are stated within the data files and metadata, alongwith the processed and raw data. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).In this data submission there are two sets of raw magnetic data (.bin and .stn for 2018 and base for 2023; raw rover mag for 2023 is in .csv) inside two .zip files that identify the year the mag data was collected. The data are proprietary format to Geometrics and can be opened and processed with MagMap2000 which can be downloaded for free at Geometrics website. There are also two processed data files *.csv for each year and two metadata files *.csv.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

DEM, DSM, and Cleaned LiDAR Point Cloud Data from the NGEE Arctic UAS Campaigns at the Teller 27 Field Site from 2017 and 2018, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) were derived from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected from Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) quadcopter and hexacopter platforms operated by Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) scientists from the EES-14 group at LANL. These data were collected in August 2017 and July 2018 at the NGEE Arctic field site near mile marker 27 of the Bob Blodgett Nome-Teller Memorial Highway between Nome, Alaska and Teller, Alaska. A Vulcan Raven X8 Airframe (Mitcheldean, Gloucestershire, UK), DJI Matrice 600 Pro Airframe (Shenzhen, China), and Routescene UAV LiDARSystem (Edinburgh, Scotland, UK) were used to collect LiDAR data. Following pre-processing in Routescene LidarViewer Pro software, the LiDAR point clouds were cleaned and processed using CloudCompare software to separate ground and off-ground points. A high resolution DEM and DSM were then created using ArcGIS Pro software. This data package contains fully cleaned point clouds of ground and off-ground points (.las), a 25 cm DEM (.tif), and a 25 cm DSM (.tif) for the Teller 27 field site. Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, weather conditions, and raw lidar data and imagery can be found in the L0 datasets for these campaigns: NGA299 (2017) and NGA297 (2018). Minimally processed point clouds and auxiliary files can be found in the L1 dataset: NGA304 (2017 and 2018).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Orthoimagery and Shapefiles Documenting Pre- and Post-August 2019 Slope Disturbances, Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2018-2019

This dataset was derived from UAS aerial photos and dGPS data collected at the Teller mile marker 47 site in 2018 and 2019 and used to support research quantifying the timing and rate of surface movements and analyze soil transport process in Arctic landscapes. In July 2018, a Phantom uncrewed aerial system (UAS) collected >6800 high resolution aerial photos of the lower portion of the Teller 47 watershed (see for raw photos; pending archive NGA281). During the UAS survey, 25 x 25 cm tile ground control points (GCPs) were laid out and secured with one rebar rod in the center. The four corners and rebar tops were surveyed with differential GPS, and these coordinates were used to construct and validate an orthomosaic of the site. These points were resurveyed in August 2019 and used to track annual movement. Changes in position between the two surveys are reported in (Lathrop et al. 2022; NGA254). Agisoft Metashape photogrammetry software was used to construct a georeferenced orthomosaic image (*.tif file) of a portion (0.68 km2) of the watershed with a final resolution of ~1 cm. Manual delineation of the perimeters of failures visible in the UAS imagery (*.tif files) was conducted to create shapefile polygons (two *.zip files). The failures were identified by the exposure of bare mineral soils, which were made visible by disruption of the overlying tundra vegetation. The shapefiles were then used to analyse the topographic distribution and sizes of the failures. In August 2019 an additional ~300 georeferenced UAS images of slope instability features were collected (data pending submission) and compared with the 2018 orthomosaic. Overview maps of the failure locations included as a *.pdf.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Surface Water Chemistry and Water and Nitrogen Isotopes, Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016 and 2017

Data include results from water chemistry and water isotope analyses for surface water samples collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, July through September of 2016 and May through September of 2017. The samples were collected using automated samplers (ISCO Model 6712; Teledyne, USA), with regular collection (every 24 hrs in 2016 and every 48 hrs in 2017). Surface water samples were collected from three locations along the main drainage: ISCO 1 from the tributary (64.729060°, -165.946210°), ISCO 3 which was located upstream (64.733640°, -165.955410°) and ISCO 2 which was located downstream (64.726410°, -165.946820°). Dataset includes a *.pdf user guide and one *.csv data file.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Surface and Active Layer Water Chemistry, Teller Road Mile Marker 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2018

This dataset provides the results of spatial surveys of aqueous geochemistry conducted at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Surface water and soil pore water samples were collected from multiple depth within the active layer at designated Intensive Stations 2 through 9 at the Teller Road MM 27 Site (TL_MM27). Reported analytes include dissolved methane and carbon dioxide, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, major inorganic anions, and major and minor cations. Samples and measurements were collected from 2016-2018. Specifically, samples were collected in September of 2016, August and September of 2017, and August of 2018. Most of the samples were collected from piezometers installed at various depths within the active layer (70 cm max). A few are surface water grab samples. Data are provided in a single comma separated (.xlsx / .csv) file. One supplemental file is also included. It provides the results of a limited set of analyses (dissolved methane and carbon dioxide and Fe(II)) on surface and soil pore water samples collected at Teller (TL_MM27) and Council (CN_MM71) locations in September 2019. The metadata and data are draft with outstanding clarifications and additions to come. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 10-year research effort (2012-2022) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy?s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy?s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Snow distribution patterns revisited: A physics-based and machine learning hybrid approach to snow distribution mapping in the sub-Arctic Supporting Data

Snow in the Arctic and sub-Arctic is highly variable at fine scales, with deep drifts and shallow scoured areas creating a complex pattern of snow on the landscape. This fine-scale variation in snow is driven primarily by landscape and vegetation properties. Some landscape features, such as river beds, will rapidly fill in with snow during the wintertime due to high winds, while shrubs will trap blowing snow, resulting in drifts. Meanwhile, snow will blow off of exposed areas, resulting in abnormally shallow snow. These complex interactions between wind, vegetation, and terrain are difficult to represent well with physically-based models, but machine learning techniques have shown promise in the past. Here, we propose a hybrid modeling approach, where we use machine learning derived snow pattern maps to inform SnowModel, a physically-based snow process model. We develop and test this technique at the Teller 27 Seward Peninsula NGEE-Arctic study site. This dataset includes 5 *.nc files of model inputs and outputs plus one user guide (*.pdf). We present the data we use to drive SnowModel (vegetation type, digital elevation model), the snow pattern maps used to inform SnowModel (Standardized Depth Values maps, Machine Learning Snow Distribution Pattern), and our machine learning, SnowModel, and Hybrid snow depth and snow water equivalent results. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thaw depth, soil moisture, and vegetation height, Teller and Kougarok sites, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022

Thaw depth, soil moisture, and vegetation height sampled from locations on the Teller MM27, Kougarok MM80, and Kougarok MM82 NGEE-Arctic sites, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These data were collected in support of the ongoing NGEE-Arctic and NASA ABoVE data synthesis work. Samples were collected in July 2022, including 6 transects covering the entire Teller MM27 watershed and 4 transects covering 4 thaw ponds at Kougarok MM80 and MM82. This data package includes sample information and thaw depth, soil moisture, vegetation height data (.csv). Metadata files include data descriptions (_dd.csv) for tabular data and file level metadata (.csv). The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

ESI-FTICR-MS Analysis of Organic Matter during Incubations with Nitrogen Addition, Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

This dataset contains the results of the molecular characterization of water-extractable organic matter collected during soil microcosm incubations of tundra soil. The microcosms contained soil collected in April 2017 from the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) near Intensive Site 9 (“Toeslope”) and Intensive Site 5 (“Plateau”). The incubations were conducted under an atmosphere of N2 at 8°C for 55 days, with or without addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Soils were extracted with deionized water and extracted using Bond Elut PPL cartridges prior to analysis. Molecular characterization was performed using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI- FTICR-MS). Two data files are provided with this dataset. The first is the summary, by soil type and treatment, of the mass spectrometry results for formulas (as a % of the total) containing C, H, and O only, and with N, S, and other elements. These formulas were then grouped into nine biochemical classes of compounds based on O:C and H:C ratios. The second file provides soil sample characteristics and the processed high-resolution mass spectrometry results by soil type and treatment.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 10-year research effort (2012-2022) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-resolution leaf area index maps generated from unoccupied aerial system, Teller Mile 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Leaf area index (LAI), a measure of the amount of one-side leaf area per ground unit, is an important indicator of plant carbon, energy, and water cycle. In the heterogeneous Arctic landscapes, it has been challenging to accurately measure LAI across species and space needed for Earth system model validation. Here, we use multispectral unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) to scale up and map leaf area index (LAI) , in a low-Arctic tundra landscape on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We linked previous published LAI measurements with high-resolution, UAS-collected multispectral data collected over the region of Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments in the Arctic (NGEE Arctic)’s Teller Mile Maker 27 site in 2022 to develop random forest (RF) machine learning models to predict and map LAI. 100 RF models were developed to account for uncertainties in ground LAI plot measurements and process scaling. This dataset includes a raster (*.tif) map of the mean LAI value of the 100 RF models, a raster (*.tif) map of the standard deviation of the RF-modeled LAI data, and a user guide (*.pdf).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Subsidence Measurements at the Teller 27 Field Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2021

In September 2021, differential GPS (dGPS) points were collected in areas of visual subsidence in the Teller watershed near mile marker 27 of the Bob Blodgett Nome-Teller Memorial Highway on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska. This study aimed to understand how structural permafrost loss is affecting meter-scale ground elevation. As ice thaws, heaving and slumping of the landscape creates new microtopographical features on the landscape that may alter surface hydrology and soil moisture and thus plant community composition and biogeochemical cycling. The Teller 27 field site is underlain with discontinuous permafrost, so the landscape features a variety of permafrost features. We collected ground elevations from eight subsidence areas in two forms: 1) Transects were sampled laterally through areas of ground subsidence to capture the high edges and low spots where the earth slumped. 2) The circumference of the subsidence area was sampled in order to measure the ground area affected by subsidence. These data were collected with an Emlid Reach RS2 dGPS and a base station. This dataset includes one *.csv of dGPS locations of the eight subsidence locations and one *.kml of measurement locations.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Surface Meteorology at Teller Mile 47 Watershed, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, Ongoing from 2018

Meteorological data are currently being collected at one location at the Teller Mile 47 (TL_MM47) Research Basin Site, Seward Peninsula (N64 58' 36.918", W166 12' 32.67", 67 meters above sea level). The site was installed and initial measurements started in September 2018 and it has operated continuously since then. The meteorological station is co-located with a continuous snow depth sensor and two soil pits for subsurface temperature and moisture measurements. These data are being collected to better understand the energy dynamics above the active layer and permafrost. They complement in-situ snow and soil measurements also at this location. The data could also be used as supporting measurements for other research and modeling activities. There are 35 comma separated value format (*.csv) files provided, where each file contains the full data for an individual parameter (e.g. air temperature at 1.5 meters above the ground surface (teller_m47_air_temperature_150cm_ags_Avg.csv) or soil temperature 20 centimeters below ground surface (teller_m47_dry_soil_pit_temperature_20cmbgs_Avg.csv)) plus the time in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) and Alaska Standard Time (UTC time minus nine hours). The site was installed and initial measurements started in September 2018. It has been operated continuously since. Primary data gaps are due to battery failure or sensor failure. These data are being collected to better understand the surface energy dynamics above the active layer and permafrost. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 10-year research effort (2012-2022) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy?s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy?s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Continuous soil temperature measurements from 2019-10-4 to 2020-10-4, Teller road Mile 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

The dataset contains depth-resolved soil temperature measured at 45 discrete locations in a watershed located along the Nome-Teller road at Mile 27 in Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The dataset was generated to understand the local heterogeneity of soil thermal dynamics and their controls in a discontinuous permafrost region. At each location, temperatures were measured by a distributed temperature profiling probe designed based on Dafflon et al (2022). The dataset includes a description of the probe locations in the "Probe_locations.csv" file and the 45 data files (Soil_temperatures_*.csv). Metadata files include data descriptions (_dd.csv) for tabular data. All included files are listed and described in NGA513_flmd.csv.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mercury Methylation and Soil Organic Matter Degradation in Incubations with Added Acetate, Isotope-Labeled Mercury, and Selective Microbial Inhibitors, Teller and Council Sites, Seward Peninsula, 2018-2019

This dataset provides the results of laboratory soil microcosm incubation experiments conducted under anaerobic conditions with added acetate, isotope-labeled mercury, and selective microbial inhibitors (2-bromoethanesulfonate and sodium molybdate). The microcosms contained soil collected in August 2018 from the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) near Intensive Site 9 (TL_IS_9) and from the Council Road Site (CN_MM71). Incubations were conducted at 8°C for 180 days (Teller incubations) or 60 days (Council incubations). The microcosm headspace was sampled at designated intervals for greenhouse gas concentrations, then destructively harvested and extracted using ultrapure water and 0.1 M KCl for analysis of the porewater geochemistry. This dataset contains one pdf, two csv data files, and one zipped file with raw data.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Greenhouse Gas Production and Soil Chemistry in Anaerobic Soil Microcosm Incubations after Nitrogen Addition, Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, 2018-2019

This dataset provides the results of laboratory soil microcosm incubation experiments conducted under anaerobic conditions with and without the addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The microcosms contained soil collected in April 2017 from the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) near Intensive Site 9 (Toeslope) and Intensive Site 5 (Plateau). Incubations were conducted at 8°C for 55 days, with repeated measurements of headspace greenhouse gas concentrations. Microcosms were destructively harvested and extracted using ultrapure water and 0.1 M KCl for analysis of the porewater geochemistry. This dataset contains two csv files, a pdf user guide. and the raw data in a zip file.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗