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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Phase formation and texture of thin nickel germanides on Ge(001) and Ge(111)

We studied the solid-phase reaction between a thin Ni film and a single crystal Ge(001) or Ge(111) substrate during a ramp anneal. The phase formation sequence was determined using in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), while the nature and the texture of the phases were studied using X-ray pole figures and transmission electron microscopy. The phase sequence is characterized by the formation of a single transient phase before NiGe forms as the final and stable phase. X-ray pole figures were used to unambiguously identify the transient phase as the ϵ-phase, a non-stoichiometric Ni-rich germanide with a hexagonal crystal structure that can exist for Ge concentrations between 34% and 48% and which forms with a different epitaxial texture on both substrate orientations. The complementary information gained from both RBS and X-ray pole figure measurements revealed a simultaneous growth of both the ϵ-phase and NiGe over a small temperature window on both substrate orientations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Texture analysis of AGR program matrix materials

We report the fuel form for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors consists of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particles embedded in a matrix of graphite flake and carbonized resin. The process of overcoating particles prior to compacting yields a circumferential orientation of the graphite flake surrounding the TRISO particles, which is modified to varied extents when overcoated particles are pressed into the final fuel form. As graphite is highly anisotropic, the texture may impact the properties and performance of the fuel. Ellipsometry was used to measure the texture of the matrix for fueled compacts and unfueled “matrix-only” samples. Results indicated local texture related to the spherical particles in compacts associated with overcoating versus a more linear layered structure in “matrix-only” samples.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Texture measurements on quartz single crystals to validate coordinate systems for neutron time-of-flight texture analysis

In crystallographic texture analysis, ensuring that sample directions are preserved from experiment to the resulting orientation distribution is crucial to obtain physical meaning from diffraction data. This work details a procedure to ensure instrument and sample coordinates are consistent when analyzing diffraction data with a Rietveld refinement using the texture analysis software MAUD . A quartz crystal is measured on the HIPPO diffractometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory for this purpose. The methods described here can be applied to any diffraction instrument measuring orientation distributions in polycrystalline materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Enhanced quantum efficiency of photoelectron emission, through surface textured metal electrodes

It is predicted that the quantum efficiency (QE) of photoelectron emission from metals may be enhanced, possibly by an order of magnitude, through optimized surface texture. Through extensive computational simulations, it is shown that the absorption enhancement in select surface groove geometries may be a dominant contributor to enhanced QE and corresponds to localized Fabry–Perot resonances. The inadequacy of extant analytical models in predicting the QE increase, and suggestions for further improvement, are discussed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic Texture in Insulating Single Crystal High Entropy Oxide Spinel Films

Magnetic insulators are important materials for a range of next-generation memory and spintronic applications. Structural constraints in this class of devices generally require a clean heterointerface that allows effective magnetic coupling between the insulating layer and the conducting layer. However, there are relatively few examples of magnetic insulators that can be synthesized with surface qualities that would allow these smooth interfaces and precisely tuned interfacial magnetic exchange coupling, which might be applicable at room temperature. In this work, we demonstrate an example of how the configurational complexity in the magnetic insulator layer can be used to realize these properties. The entropy-assisted synthesis is used to create single-crystal (Mg 0.2 Ni 0.2 Fe 0.2 Co 0.2 Cu 0.2 )Fe 2 O 4 films on substrates spanning a range of strain states. These films show smooth surfaces, high resistivity, and strong magnetic responses at room temperature. Furthermore, local and global magnetic measurements further demonstrate how strain can be used to manipulate the magnetic texture and anisotropy. These findings provide insight into how precise magnetic responses can be designed using compositionally complex materials that may find application in next-generation magnetic devices.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Microstructure and magnetic properties of (001) textured L1(0) FePt films on amorphous glass substrate

L1(0) FePt thin films with an island-like morphology and magnetic perpendicular anisotropy were grown at low temperature (300 < T-dep< 375 degrees C) by magnetron sputtering on Hoya glass substrates using a 30-nm thick Cr (2 0 0) underlayer. An MgO buffer layer with a thickness of 2 nm was used to inhibit the diffusion from the Cr underlayer and promote the growth of (0 0 1) oriented L1(0) FePt films by inducing an in-plane lattice distortion. By varying the substrate temperature and the Ar sputter pressure (3.5 < P-Ar< 15 mTorr) during the deposition, the degree of chemical order, the microstructure and the magnetic properties were tuned and the best properties in term of squareness ratio (M-r/M-s similar to 0.95) and coercive field (H-c similar to 14 kOe) were observed for films deposited at T-dep = 350 degrees C and P-Ar= 5 mTorr, due to the appearance of a tensile strain, which favors the perpendicular anisotropy. The analysis of the angular dependence of remanent magnetization curves on the optimized sample suggests that the magnetization reversal is highly incoherent due to the inter-island interactions. Our results provide useful information on the low temperature growth of FePt films with perpendicular anisotropy onto glass substrates, which are relevant for a variety of technological applications, such as magnetic recording and spintronic devices. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Speliotis, T↗
DOE OSTI2018

Textural properties determined CO 2 capture of tetraethylenepentamine loaded SiO 2 nanowires from α-sepiolite

To understand the effect of porous parameters and chemical components on CO 2 capturing performance of solid state amine absorbents and their kinetic parameters, a clay mineral-based CO 2 absorbent was prepared by impregnating five different liquid amines onto SiO 2 nanowire clusters from fibrous sepiolite (Sep). Characterization was conducted by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, CO 2 adsorption performances were measured by TGA. After acid treatment, the raw Sep mineral changed into amorphous silica nanowires, and the largest S BET of the obtained SiO 2 nanowires reached 320 m 2 /g, which was 8 times larger than the pristine mineral. Amongst the adapted amines, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) showed superiority in the CO 2 adsorption capacity. The optimized adsorption capacity reached 3.7 mmol/g at 75 °C from a CO 2 + N 2 mixture on a ~50 wt% TEPA loaded SiO 2 sample, and the capacity remained 3.6 mmol/g after ten circles of adsorption/desorption tests. The pore size and pore structure of the matrix, rather than the surface area, will obviously affect the adsorption ability of the product. Kinetic parameters for the CO 2 adsorption process fitted well with a fractional-order model, confirming that the CO 2 adsorption process by the solid absorbent should be a combination of both physical and chemical reactions. Results in this article provide detailed parameters for preparing and understanding these clay mineral based solid state CO 2 absorbents.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗