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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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29 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Comparison of electrochemical and thermal storage for hybrid parabolic dish solar power plants

The economic and operating performance of a parabolic point focus array of solar electricity generators combined with either battery or thermal energy storage are examined. Noting that low-cost, mass-producible power generating units are under development for the point focus of distributed dishes, that Zn-Cl battery tests will begin in 1981 and a 100 kWh Na-S battery in 1983, the state of thermal storage requires acceleration to reach the prototype status of the batteries. Under the assumptions of 10,000 units/yr with an expected 30 yr lifetime, cost comparisons are developed for 10 types of advanced batteries. A 5 MWe plant with full thermal or 80% battery storage discharge when demand occurs in conditions of no insolation is considered, specifically for Fe-Cr redox batteries. A necessity for the doubling of fuel prices from 1980 levels by 1990 is found in order to make the systems with batteries economically competitive.

Steele, H. L.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Additively Manufactured Ink-based Cell Batteries for Flexible Conformational Applications

With the rise of additively manufactured electronics, the importance of thin, flexible printed batteries has increased for shape-conformal electronics. Traditionally, battery cells such as industry-standard lithium-ion batteries, have been rigid and therefore unable to conform to time-variant surfaces such as smart cards/RFID devices, disposable battery-powered skin patches, foldable electronic devices, and IoT nodes. Aligned with the effort to advance technologies on printed electronics for habitat systems and advanced manufacturing, this proof-of-concept will focus on printing a 50 mAh Zn-Ag battery implementing a DIW Technique. After prototype manufacturing, electrical and environmental testing on the flexible battery cell will be conducted to the evaluate energy and power density over 50 charge cycles under standard atmosphere conditions. The project aims to provide PCB designers, fabricators, and assemblers an integrated battery package to eliminate external batteries, external wiring and connectors, and conformational complexity. Potential end uses of the printed battery process will be within Martian and lunar habitat systems, Gateway, and surface vehicles, or aerial robots where space and geometry is a restriction.

Printed Electronics↗
NASA NTRS1982

Comparison of advanced thermal and electrical storage for parabolic dish solar thermal power systems

Parabolic dish solar concentrator cluster concepts are explored, with attention given to thermal storage systems coupled to Stirling and Brayton cycle power conversion devices. Sensible heat storage involving molten salt (NaOH), liquid sodium, and solid cordierite bricks are considered for 1500 F thermal storage systems. Latent heat storage with NaF-MgF2 phase change materials are explored in terms of passive, active, and direct contact designs. Comparisons are made of the effectiveness of thermal storage relative to redox, Na-S, Zn-Cl, and Zn-Br battery storage systems. Molten lead trickling down through a phase change eutectic, the NaF-MgF2, formed the direct contact system. Heat transport in all systems is effected through Inconel pipes. Using a cost goal of 120-150 mills/kWh as the controlling parameter, sensible heat systems with molten salts transport with either Stirling or Brayton engines, or latent heat systems with Stirling engines, and latent heat-Brayton engine with direct contact were favored in the analyses. Battery storage systems, however, offered the most flexibility of applications.

Fujita, T.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Mars Pathfinder Battery Program Status

Sections of this discussion include: a mission overview of the Mars Pathfinder Project; battery requirements; Ag-Zn technology assessment; EM battery performance; and summary and conclusions.

Surampudi, S.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Grace DAKASEP alkaline battery separator

The Grace DAKASEP separator was originally developed as a wicking layer for nickel-zinc alkaline batteries. The DAKASEP is a filled non-woven separator which is flexible and heat sealable. Through modification of formulation and processing variables, products with a variety of properties can be produced. Variations of DAKASEP were tested in Ni-H2, Ni-Zn, Ni-Cd, and primary alkaline batteries with good results. The properties of DAKASEP which are optimized for Hg-Zn primary batteries are shown in tabular form. This separator has high tensile strength, 12 micron average pore size, relatively low porosity at 46-48 percent, and consequently moderately high resistivity. Versions were produced with greater than 70 percent porosity and resistivities in 33 wt percent KOH as low as 3 ohm cm. Performance data for Hg-Zn E-1 size cells containing DAKASEP with the properties shown in tabular form, are more reproducible than data obtained with a competitive polypropylene non-woven separator. In addition, utilization of active material is in general considerably improved.

Giovannoni, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Cycle life characteristics of sealed silver-zinc cell with inorganic separator

Two batteries containing 18 cells have been cycling in a simulated synchronous (24-hour) orbit for over a year at 40% depth of discharge at 22 C. One battery is under individual cell monitoring and control and the other battery is controlled at the battery level. The battery with individual cell monitoring and protection has performed over 350 cycles with no sign of failure. The battery without individual cell protection failed at 270 cycles from failure to remain above the specified minimum discharge voltage. A significant conclusion is that the sealed Ag-Zn cells manufactured with the inorganic separator material have demonstrated their capability to cycle at a fairly high depth of discharge and are worthy of consideration in short life synchronous orbit applications.

Lear, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Energy storage considerations for a robotic Mars surface sampler

The characteristics of various energy storage systems (including Ni-Cd, Ni-H2, Ag-Zn, Li-XS, Na-S, PbSO4, and regenerative fuel cell systems) considered for a robotic Mars surface sampler are reviewed. It is concluded that the bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery and the sodium-sulfur battery are both viable candidates as storage systems for the rover's Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator. For a photovoltaic storage system, the regenerative fuel cell and the bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery are the primary candidates.

O'Donnell, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Investigation of electrode materials for alkaline batteries

A number of amalgam electrode systems were investigated for possible use as high rate anodes and cathodes. The systems examined include: lithium, sodium, and potassium in Group 1, magnesium, calcium, and barium in Group 2, aluminum in Group 3, lead in Group 4, copper in Group 1b, and zinc and cadmium in Group 2b. The K(Hg) and Na(Hg) anodes in 10 VF and 15 VF (an unambiguous expression of concentration that indicates the number of formula weights of solute dissolved in a liter of solution) hydroxide solutions have proven satisfactory; some of these have produced current densities of more than 8 A/sq cm. None of the amalgam cathodes have approached this performance although the TI(Hg) has delivered 1 A/sq cm. Se(Hg) and Te(Hg) cathodes have given very stable discharges. Zn(Hg) and Cd(Hg) electrodes did not show good high rate characteristics, 200 to 300 mA/sq cm being about the maximum current densities obtainable. Both anodes are charged through a two-step process in which M(Hg) is first formed electrochemically and subsequently reduces Zn(II or Cd(II) to form the corresponding amalgam. The second step is extremely rapid for zinc and very slow for cadmium.

Arcand, G. M.↗