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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Transportability of exogenous microbial community correlates with interwell connectivity in deep aquifers

Subsurface resource engineering operations often utilize continuous injection of externally-sourced water into geological reservoirs for formation pressure maintenance, resource recovery or energy/waste storage. Such injected water generally contains naturally occurring microbes. Little is known, however, about how the injectate microbes transport through geological media as a community, how such transportability is affected by injector-producer connectivity, and whether such knowledge can be utilized for flowpath characterization. In this study, we analyzed daily-to-weekly timeseries microbial community data from the injected- and produced-fluids of a ten-month flow test at a deep, well-characterized engineered aquifer. We found that the injectate microbial community was distinct from the indigenous community at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level, and that the transportability of injectate community towards a given producer, quantified by an “nASV-Overlap” metric we propose, had strong and significant positive correlation with known injector-producer connectivities at our site. This suggests that the better the connectivity, the higher the probability for more injectate species to flow through the interwell region and arrive at a producer. Because interwell connectivity is an important yet usually unknown parameter in subsurface resource engineering, such correlation in turn points to nASV-Overlap as a useful indicator of interwell connectivity for aquifer characterization and long-term monitoring. Based on our findings, an nASV-Overlap-based microbial tracing approach was developed for characterizing and monitoring the relative connectivities across multiple producers with a given injector. A side-by-side comparison between the new nASV-Overlap approach and traditional artificial tracer methods is presented, and their respective strengths and limitations are discussed.

Deep biosphere↗
DOE OSTI2024

Serendipita indica Drives Sulfur-Related Microbiota in Enhancing Growth of Hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and Facilitating Soil Cadmium Remediation

Endophytic fungus Serendipita indica can bolster plant growth and confer protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, S. indica -reshaped rhizosphere microecology interactions and root-soil interface processes in situ at the submicrometer scale remain poorly understood. Here, we combined amplicon sequencing and high-resolution nano X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) imaging of the root-soil interface to reveal cadmium (Cd) rhizosphere processes. S. indica can successfully colonize the roots of Sedum alfredii Hance, which induces a remarkable increase in shoot biomass by 211.32% and Cd accumulation by 235.72%. Nano-XRF images showed that S. indica colonization altered the Cd distribution in the rhizosphere and facilitated the proximity of more Cd and sulfur (S) to enter the roots and transport to the shoot. Furthermore, the rhizosphere-enriched microbiota demonstrated a more stable network structure after the S. indica inoculation. Keystone species were strongly associated with growth promotion and Cd absorption. For example, Comamonadaceae are closely related to the organic acid cycle and S bioavailability, which could facilitate Cd and S accumulation in plants. Meanwhile, Sphingomonadaceae could release auxin and boost plant biomass. In summary, we construct a mutualism system for beneficial fungi and hyperaccumulation plants, which facilitates high-efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils by restructuring the rhizosphere microbiota.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Point-of-use filtration units as drinking water distribution system sentinels

Abstract Municipal drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and associated premise plumbing (PP) systems are vulnerable to proliferation of opportunistic pathogens, even when chemical disinfection residuals are present, thus presenting a public health risk. Monitoring the structure of microbial communities of drinking water is challenging because of limited continuous access to faucets, pipes, and storage tanks. We propose a scalable household sampling method, which uses spent activated carbon and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane point-of-use (POU) filters to evaluate mid- to long-term occurrence of microorganisms in PP systems that are relevant to consumer exposure. As a proof of concept, POU filter microbiomes were collected from four different locations and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The analyses revealed distinct microbial communities, with occasional detection of potential pathogens. The findings highlight the importance of local, and if possible, continuous monitoring within and across distribution systems. The continuous operation of POU filters offers an advantage in capturing species that may be missed by instantaneous sampling methods. We suggest that water utilities, public institutions, and regulatory agencies take advantage of end-of-life POU filters for microbial monitoring. This approach can be easily implemented to ensure drinking water safety, especially from microbes of emerging concerns; e.g., pathogenic Legionella and Mycobacterium species.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Oral microbiome and mycobiome dynamics in cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis

Cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis is a frequent major oncological problem, secondary to cytotoxicity of chemo-radiation treatment. Oral mucositis commonly occurs 7–10 days after initiation of therapy; it is a dose-limiting side effect causing significant pain, eating difficulty, need for parenteral nutrition and a rise of infections. The pathobiology derives from complex interactions between the epithelial component, inflammation, and the oral microbiome. Our longitudinal study analysed the dynamics of the oral microbiome (bacteria and fungi) in nineteen patients undergoing chemo-radiation therapy for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma as compared to healthy volunteers. The microbiome was characterized in multiple oral sample types using rRNA and ITS sequence amplicons and followed the treatment regimens. Microbial taxonomic diversity and relative abundance may be correlated with disease state, type of treatment and responses. Identification of microbial-host interactions could lead to further therapeutic interventions of mucositis to re-establish normal flora and promote patients’ health. Data presented here could enhance, complement and diversify other studies that link microbiomes to oral disease, prophylactics, treatments, and outcome.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Exploring prokaryotic diversity in permafrost-affected soils of Ladakh’s Changthang region and its geochemical drivers

Global warming due to climate change has substantial impact on high-altitude permafrost affected soils. This raises a serious concern that the microbial degradation of sequestered carbon can result in alteration of the biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, the characterization of permafrost affected soil microbiomes, especially of unexplored high-altitude, low oxygen arid region, is important for predicting their response to climate change. This study presents the first report of the bacterial diversity of permafrost-affected soils in the Changthang region of Ladakh. The relationship between soil pH, organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and available micronutrients with the microbial diversity was investigated. Amplicon sequencing of permafrost affected soil samples from Jukti and Tsokar showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all samples. The genera Brevitalea, Chthoniobacter, Sphingomonas, Hydrogenispora, Clostridium, Gaiella, Gemmatimonas were relatively abundant in the Jukti samples whereas the genera Thiocapsa, Actinotalea, Syntrophotalea, Antracticibcterium, Luteolibacter, Nitrospirillum dominated the Tsokar sample. Correlation analyses highlighted the influence of soil geochemical parameters on the bacterial community structure. PCoA analyses showed that the bacterial beta diversity varied significantly between the sampling locations (PERMANOVA test (F-value: 2.3316; R 2 = 0.466, p = 0.001) and similar results were also obtained while comparing genus abundance data using the ANOSIM test (R = 0.345, p = 0.007).

16S rRNA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nutrient and moisture limitations reveal keystone metabolites linking rhizosphere metabolomes and microbiomes

Plants release a wealth of metabolites into the rhizosphere that can shape the composition and activity of microbial communities in response to environmental stress. The connection between rhizodeposition and rhizosphere microbiome succession has been suggested, particularly under environmental stress conditions, yet definitive evidence is scarce. In this study, we investigated the relationship between rhizosphere chemistry, microbiome dynamics, and abiotic stress in the bioenergy crop switchgrass grown in a marginal soil under nutrient-limited, moisture-limited, and nitrogen (N)-replete, phosphorus (P)-replete, and NP-replete conditions. We combined 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics to link rhizosphere microbial communities and metabolites. We identified significant changes in rhizosphere metabolite profiles in response to abiotic stress and linked them to changes in microbial communities using network analysis. N-limitation amplified the abundance of aromatic acids, pentoses, and their derivatives in the rhizosphere, and their enhanced availability was linked to the abundance of bacterial lineages from Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and Alphaproteobacteria. Conversely, N-amended conditions increased the availability of N-rich rhizosphere compounds, which coincided with proliferation of Actinobacteria. Treatments with contrasting N availability differed greatly in the abundance of potential keystone metabolites; serotonin and ectoine were particularly abundant in N-replete soils, while chlorogenic, cinnamic, and glucuronic acids were enriched in N-limited soils. Serotonin, the keystone metabolite we identified with the largest number of links to microbial taxa, significantly affected root architecture and growth of rhizosphere microorganisms, highlighting its potential to shape microbial community and mediate rhizosphere plant–microbe interactions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Gut microbiome changes with micronutrient supplementation in children with attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the MADDY study

Micronutrients have demonstrated promise in managing inattention and emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The biological mechanism by which micronutrients improve these symptoms remains unclear. One plausible pathway is through the gut-brain axis, the bi-directional communication network that links the gastrointestinal tract with the brain. This study examines changes in gut microbiome composition and diversity after micronutrients supplementation in children with ADHD (N=44) and sheds light on potential mechanisms responsible for the response to micronutrients as measured by clinician-rated global impression. Participants from this investigation represent a sub-group of the Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study, a double blind randomized controlled study in which participants received either micronutrients or a placebo for 8 weeks, followed by an 8-week open label extension with micronutrients for all participants. Stool samples collected at baseline, week 8, and week 16 were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing targeting the V4 hypervariable region. Pairwise compositional analyses served as the primary means for investigating changes in gut microbiome composition between micronutrients versus placebo groups and responders versus non-responders. A significant change in microbial evenness, as measured by alpha diversity, was observed following micronutrients, and the phylum Actinobacteriota decreased in the micronutrients group compared to placebo. Additionally, two bacterial families: Rikenellaceae and Oscillospiraceae, exhibited a significant increase in change of gut microbiome composition following micronutrients between responders and non-responders. These findings suggest that micronutrients modulated the composition of the gut microbiome and point towards specific bacterial changes associated with response to micronutrients.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Composition, Growth, Succession, and Function in the Cladophora Microbiome: Insights From Quantitative Stable Isotope Probing and NanoSIMS Imaging

The branching green macroalga Cladophora glomerata and its epiphytic microbiome dominate summer biomass in the Eel River, a Northern California river under Mediterranean (summer drought, winter rain) seasonality. Green Cladophora streamers proliferate in early summer, then change to yellow and then red-brown as epiphyte loads increase. Here, we characterised successional changes in epiphytic bacteria on Cladophora, examining both community composition and growth rates, using quantitative Stable Isotope Probing (qSIP) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The number of bacterial taxa increased with succession while growth rates peaked in the middle stage. NanoSIMS imaging confirmed high sulphur (S) concentrations in Cladophora cell walls relative to surrounding biomass, coinciding with a bloom of sulphur bacteria (bacteria that reduce or oxidise sulphur/sulphates). In general, relative abundances and growth rates were independent, indicating that either metric alone is insufficient for understanding how taxonomy and functional groups affect ecosystem processes. For instance, the relative abundance of nitrogen fixers peaked in the late summer when their relative growth rates were slowest. Such patterns may be driven by space competition limiting growth. Together, changes in abundance and relative growth rates suggest different limiting factors for different functional groups in the Cladophora microbiome at multiple successional stages.

Biological and medical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2025

Identifying Potential Geochemical and Microbial Impacts of Hydrogen Storage in a Deep Saline Aquifer

Hydrogen is valuable commodity and a promising energy carrier for variable energy production. Storage of hydrogen may occur through injection of hydrogen or a hydrogen/methane gas blend in subsurface reservoirs. However, the geochemical and biological reactions that may impact the stored hydrogen are not yet understood. Therefore, we collected samples from a deep storage aquifer located in the St. Peter Formation in southern Illinois. The reservoir material was primarily quartz with sulphur and iron deposits, while the major constituents of the fluid were chloride and sulphate. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed a low biomass microbial community that contained no obvious hydrogen-consuming bacteria. Next, we enriched a field sample to increase the biomass and completed a metagenomic analysis, finding a low number of genes present that are associated with hydrogen consumption. Then, we completed a series of reactor experiments under reservoir conditions with 15% H2/85% CH4 gas simulating a short-term hydrogen storage, high withdrawal scenario. We found minimal changes in the geochemistry or microbiology for the reactor experiments. This work suggests that short-term storage may be highly successful, although significant additional work needs to be completed in order to accurately evaluate the risks associated with long-term hydrogen storage scenarios. It is essential we continue to expand our understanding of the dynamics present in saline aquifers and provide new insights into how hydrogen storage may impact underground geological storage environments.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pine‐fungal co‐invasion alters whole‐ecosystem properties of a native eucalypt forest

Summary Pine‐fungal co‐invasions into native ecosystems are increasingly prevalent across the southern hemisphere. In Australia, invasive pines slowly spread into native eucalypt forests, creating novel mixed forests. We sought to understand how pine‐fungal co‐invasions impact interconnected above‐ and belowground ecosystem characteristics. We sampled beneath maturePinus radiataandEucalyptus racemosain a pine‐invaded eucalypt forest in New South Wales, Australia. We measured microbial community composition via amplicon sequencing of 16S, ITS2, and 18S rDNA regions, microbial metabolic activity via Biolog plate substrate utilization, and soil, leaf litter, and understory plant characteristics. Pines were associated with decreased topsoil moisture, increased pine litter, and decreased eucalypt litter total phosphorus content. Soils and roots beneath pines had distinct microbial community composition and activity relative to eucalypts, including decreased bacterial diversity, decreased microbial utilization of several C‐ and N‐rich substrates, and enrichment of pine‐associated ectomycorrhizae. Introduced suilloid fungi were abundant across both pine and eucalypt soils and roots. Many ecosystem impacts increased with pine size. Invasive pines and their ectomycorrhizae have significant impacts on eucalypt forest properties as they grow. Interconnected impacts at the scale of individual trees should be considered when managing invaded forests and predicting effects of pine invasions.

Plant Sciences↗
DOE OSTI2025

Quorum sensing modulates microbial community structure through regulation of secondary metabolites

Bacteria are recognized for their diverse metabolic capabilities, yet the impact of microbe-microbe interactions on multispecies community structure and dynamics is poorly understood. Cell-to-cell signaling in the form of quorum sensing (QS) often regulates secondary metabolite production and microbial interactions. Here, we examine how acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated QS impacts microbial community structure in a 10-member synthetic community of isolates from Populus deltoides . To explore the role of QS in microbial community structure and dynamics, we disrupted AHL signaling by exogenous addition of AiiA-lactonase, an enzyme that cleaves the lactone ring. Microbial community structure resulting from signal inactivation, as measured by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and secondary metabolite production, was assessed after successive passaging of the community. Further, we investigated the impact of quorum quenching on specific microbe-microbe interactions using pairwise inhibition assays. Our results indicate that AHL inactivation alters the relative abundance of dominant community members at later passages but does not impact the overall membership in the community. Quorum quenching significantly alters the metabolic profile in lactonase-treated communities. This metabolic alteration impacts microbe-microbe interactions through decreased inhibition of other community members. Together, these results indicate that QS impacts microbial community structure through the regulation of secondary metabolites in dominant members and that the membership of microbial communities can be relatively stable despite changes in metabolic profiles.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Genetic modification of the shikimate pathway to reduce lignin content in switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) significantly impacts plant microbiomes

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is considered a sustainable biofuel feedstock, given its fast-impact growth, low input requirements, and high biomass yields. Improvements in bioenergy conversion efficiency of switchgrass could be made by reducing its lignin content. Engineered switchgrass that expresses a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) has reduced lignin content and improved biomass saccharification due to the rerouting of the shikimate pathway towards the simple aromatic protocatechuate at the expense of lignin biosynthesis. However, the impacts of this QsuB trait on switchgrass microbiome structure and function remain unclear. To address this, wild-type and QsuB-engineered switchgrass were grown in switchgrass field soils, and samples were collected from inflorescences, leaves, roots, rhizospheres, and bulk soils for microbiome analysis. We investigated how QsuB expression influenced switchgrass-associated fungal and bacterial communities using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of ITS and 16S rDNA. Compared to wild-type, QsuB-engineered switchgrass hosted different microbial communities in roots, rhizosphere, and leaves. Specifically, QsuB-engineered plants had a lower relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Additionally, QsuB-engineered plants had fewer Actinobacteriota in root and rhizosphere samples. These findings may indicate that changes in the plant metabolism impact both AMF and Actinobacteriota similarly or potential interactions between AMF and the bacterial community. This study enhances understanding of plant-microbiome interactions by providing baseline microbial data for developing beneficial bioengineering strategies and by assessing nontarget impacts of engineered plant traits on the plant microbiome.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Comparative genomics reveals the high diversity and adaptation strategies of Polaromonas from polar environments

Abstract Background Bacteria from the genus Polaromonas are dominant phylotypes found in a variety of low-temperature environments in polar regions. The diversity and biogeographic distribution of Polaromonas have been largely expanded on the basis of 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. However, the evolution and cold adaptation mechanisms of Polaromonas from polar regions are poorly understood at the genomic level. Results A total of 202 genomes of the genus Polaromonas were analyzed, and 121 different species were delineated on the basis of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and phylogenomic placements. Remarkably, 8 genomes recovered from polar environments clustered into a separate clade (‘polar group’ hereafter). The genome size, coding density and coding sequences (CDSs) of the polar group were significantly different from those of other nonpolar Polaromonas . Furthermore, the enrichment of genes involved in carbohydrate and peptide metabolism was evident in the polar group. In addition, genes encoding proteins related to betaine synthesis and transport were increased in the genomes from the polar group. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that two different evolutionary scenarios may explain the adaptation of Polaromonas to cold environments in polar regions. Conclusions The global distribution of the genus Polaromonas highlights its strong adaptability in both polar and nonpolar environments. Species delineation significantly expands our understanding of the diversity of the Polaromonas genus on a global scale. In this study, a polar-specific clade was found, which may represent a specific ecotype well adapted to polar environments. Collectively, genomic insight into the metabolic diversity, evolution and adaptation of the genus Polaromonas at the genome level provides a genetic basis for understanding the potential response mechanisms of Polaromonas to global warming in polar regions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Breeding of microbiomes conferring salt tolerance to plants

Microbiome breeding through host-mediated selection is a technique to artificially select for microbiomes conferring beneficial properties to plants. Using a systematic selection protocol that maximises the heritability of microbiome effects, transmission fidelity, and microbiome stability through multiple selection cycles, we previously developed root-associated microbial communities conferring sodium and aluminium tolerance to Brachypodium distachyon, a model for cereal crops. Here, we explore the physiological mechanisms underlying our selected microbiomes’ effect on plant fitness and analyse how our selection protocol shaped the composition and structure of these microbiomes. We analysed the effects of our selected microbiomes on plant fitness and tissue-nutrient concentration, then used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to examine microbial community composition and co-occurrence network patterns. Our sodium-selected microbiomes reduced leaf sodium concentration by ~ 50%, whereas the aluminium-selected microbiomes had no effect on leaf-tissue nutrient concentration, suggesting different mechanisms underlying the microbiome-mediated stress tolerance. By testing the selected microbiomes in a cross-fostering experiment, we show that our artificially selected microbiomes attained (a) ecological robustness contributing to transplantability (i.e. inheritance) of microbiome-encoded effects between plants; and (b) network features identifying key bacteria promoting salt-stress tolerance. Combined, these findings elucidate critical mechanisms underlying host-mediated artificial selection as a framework to breed microbiomes with targeted benefits for plants under salt stresses, with significant implications for sustainable agriculture.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Using low volume eDNA methods to sample pelagic marine animal assemblages

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly useful method for detecting pelagic animals in the ocean but typically requires large water volumes to sample diverse assemblages. Ship-based pelagic sampling programs that could implement eDNA methods generally have restrictive water budgets. Studies that quantify how eDNA methods perform on low water volumes in the ocean are limited, especially in deep-sea habitats with low animal biomass and poorly described species assemblages. Using 12S rRNA and COI gene primers, we quantified assemblages comprised of micronekton, coastal forage fishes, and zooplankton from low volume eDNA seawater samples (n = 436, 380–1800 mL) collected at depths of 0–2200 m in the southern California Current. We compared diversity in eDNA samples to concurrently collected pelagic trawl samples (n = 27), detecting a higher diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate groups in the eDNA samples. Differences in assemblage composition could be explained by variability in size-selectivity among methods and DNA primer suitability across taxonomic groups. The number of reads and amplicon sequences variants (ASVs) did not vary substantially among shallow (<200 m) and deep samples (>600 m), but the proportion of invertebrate ASVs that could be assigned a species-level identification decreased with sampling depth. Using hierarchical clustering, we resolved horizontal and vertical variability in marine animal assemblages from samples characterized by a relatively low diversity of ecologically important species. Low volume eDNA samples will quantify greater taxonomic diversity as reference libraries, especially for deep-dwelling invertebrate species, continue to expand.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Rhizosphere microbial community structure in high-producing, low-input switchgrass families

Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) is a native, low-input North American perennial crop primarily grown for bioenergy, livestock forage, and industrial fiber. To achieve no-input switchgrass production that meets biomass needs, several switchgrass genotypes have been identified that have a low or negative response to nitrogen fertilizer, i . e ., the biomass accumulation with added nitrogen is less than or equal to that when grown without nitrogen. In order to improve the viability of low-input switchgrass production, a more detailed understanding of the biogeochemical mechanisms active in these select genotypes is needed. 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing and qPCR of key functional genes were applied to switchgrass rhizospheres to elucidate microbial community structure in high-producing, no-input switchgrass families. Rhizosphere microbial community structure differed strongly between sites, and nitrogen responsiveness.

Stonoha-Arther, Christina (ORCID:0000000263964507)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Increasing Bacterial Tolerance and Metabolism of the Biofuel, N-Butanol Using Community-Level Evolution and Functional Genomics

Bioremediation capability should be developed along with biofuel technology to mitigate the potential damage of future spills. One biofuel that is being developed is biobutanol, since n-butanol is more energy dense and less volatile than ethanol. A bottleneck for industrial production of biobutanol is its toxicity; most microbes cannot survive about 1.5% v/v. Thus, microbial bioremediation of n-butanol would need microbes that can both tolerate and metabolize butanol. We used ecological and evolutionary biology approaches to find bacteria that could tolerate and metabolize butanol. We then tried to increase the metabolism of butanol by promising bacterial strains and communities. Ecological community-level assays and screenings were conducted followed by 16S amplicon sequencing to identify butanol-tolerant artificial bacterial communities. Promising communities were then tested for growth with butanol as the sole carbon source. Secondly, we looked for bacteria with alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes and looked to increase butanol metabolism. We found that the tolerance for n-butanol may be improved with repeated exposure, but it was difficult to switch from tolerance to metabolism. Bacterial community v dynamics may be influenced by n-butanol concentration, and there was putative butanol metabolism found with both research approaches.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Soil viral production count, respiration, and amplicon data

This study aimed to quantify rates of viral production in aridisol soil under conditions as close to natural field soil as possible given the perturbations necessary to manipulate viral abundances. Viruses were removed from soil, then added back to virus-depleted soil to control the initial viral abundances at either 100% (field_abund) or 10% (reduced_abund) of measured field viral abundance to generate treatments with field-relevant and reduced viral infection pressure, respectively. Replicates of batch incubation jars were harvested every 8 hours for 48 hours to enumerate bacteria and viruses by microscopy (n=5) and profile bacterial community composition by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (n=3).

Zimmerman, Amy [Pacific Northwest National Laborat↗