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At least 37 records · Page 2

Gamma-neutrino angular correlations in muon capture.

Using a high-resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer, it proved possible to observe several Doppler-broadened gamma-ray transitions in Al-28 excited by muon capture in Si-28. Several of these transitions are shown to be suitable for analysis in terms of angular correlations between the neutrino and a deexcitation nuclear gamma-ray. The observed transitions are interpreted in terms of gamma-neutrino correlation coefficients which are functions of the weak-interaction coupling constants.

Miller, G. H.↗

Maximum-likelihood analysis of the COBE angular correlation function

We have used maximum-likelihood estimation to determine the quadrupole amplitude Q(sub rms-PS) and the spectral index n of the density fluctuation power spectrum at recombination from the COBE DMR data. We find a strong correlation between the two parameters of the form Q(sub rms-PS) = (15.7 +/- 2.6) exp (0.46(1 - n)) microK for fixed n. Our result is slightly smaller than and has a smaller statistical uncertainty than the 1992 estimate of Smoot et al.

Seljak, Uros↗

Correlations of galaxies at z = 0.3

The angular correlation functions for galaxies with magnitudes 20 less than b(sub J) less than 21.5 and 21 less than b(sub J) less than 22.5 are measured from photographic images of nine distinct fields. New expressions for the variance of correlation function estimates are used, which show that the nine fields are consistent with a single angular correlation function w(theta) and with previous estimates of its amplitude and slope -- though the errors on previously published w(theta) values are probably underestimated. Assuming a spatial correlation function of the form xi(r,z) = (r/r(sub 0))(exp -gamma)(1 + z)(exp -3-epsilon), and using the measured N(z) for these magnitude ranges, we derive xi(r = 250 kpc/h, z = 0.18) = 48 +/- 10, and xi(r = 250 kpc/h, z = 0.27) = 55(+11; -9) for galaxies in these samples, largely independent of gamma and epsilon (1 sigma errors). This is approximately 2 times lower than the small-scale clustering seen in nearby galaxies at b(sub J) less than 18 (after allowing for modest growth in clustering since z = 0.27), yet very similar to the clustering of the nearby IRAS-selected galaxy population. The correlations of the reddest third of the b(sub J) approximately 22 galaxies, however, are larger and consistent with the b(sub J) less than 18 clustering, not the IRAS clustering, for a clustering growth rate of epsilon equal to or greater than -1. Thus to b(sub J) less than 22.5, most of the apparent evolution in clustering of blue-selected galaxies appears to be due to an increasing fraction of late-type or star-forming galaxies at fainter magnitudes, combined with weaker small-scale clustering for late types. These conclusions are entirely empirical and independent of galaxy evolution models.

Bernstein, G. M.↗

A Novel Optical/digital Processing System for Pattern Recognition

This paper describes two processing algorithms that can be implemented optically: the Radon transform and angular correlation. These two algorithms can be combined in one optical processor to extract all the basic geometric and amplitude features from objects embedded in video imagery. We show that the internal amplitude structure of objects is recovered by the Radon transform, which is a well-known result, but, in addition, we show simulation results that calculate angular correlation, a simple but unique algorithm that extracts object boundaries from suitably threshold images from which length, width, area, aspect ratio, and orientation can be derived. In addition to circumventing scale and rotation distortions, these simulations indicate that the features derived from the angular correlation algorithm are relatively insensitive to tracking shifts and image noise. Some optical architecture concepts, including one based on micro-optical lenslet arrays, have been developed to implement these algorithms. Simulation test and evaluation using simple synthetic object data will be described, including results of a study that uses object boundaries (derivable from angular correlation) to classify simple objects using a neural network.

Boone, Bradley G.↗

On the correlation of angular position with time of occurrence of gamma-ray bursts

Evidence indicating that a large fraction of gamma-ray bursts are repeaters would provide strong support for noncosmological origin of these sources. Wang & Lingenfelter have claimed existance of a correlation between angular position and time of occurrence of bursts. We perform statistical tests and find a marginal evidence for nearby bursts occurring within 4 to 5 days of each other in the BATSE 1B catalog. This evidence is present also in the 2B catalogs, which in addition, shows some marginal evidence for bursts repetition at longer time delays up to the total length of the observations.

Petrosian, Vahe↗

How cosmic microwave background correlations at large angles relate to mass autocorrelations in space

The Sachs-Wolfe effect is known to produce large angular scale fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) due to gravitational potential fluctuations. We show how the angular correlation function of the CMBR can be expressed explicitly in terms of the mass autocorrelation function xi(r) in the universe. We derive analytic expressions for the angular correlation function and its multipole moments in terms of integrals over xi(r) or its second moment, J(sub 3)(r), which does not need to satisfy the sort of integral constraint that xi(r) must. We derive similar expressions for bulk flow velocity in terms of xi and J(sub 3). One interesting result that emerges directly from this analysis is that, for all angles theta, there is a substantial contribution to the correlation function from a wide range of distance r and that radial shape of this contribution does not vary greatly with angle.

Blumenthal, George R.↗

The spatial correlation function of rich clusters of galaxies

A series of objective statistical estimators is applied to directly study the three-dimensional distribution of rich clusters, using a recently completed redshift sample of 104 Abell clusters out to distance class four and galactic latitude of 30 deg or more. The sample and the relevant positional and redshift selection effects are discussed, and the two-point angular correlation function and nearest-neighbor distribution of clusters in the sample are determined, as well as in the larger D = 5+6 sample and in several subsamples of different richness classes and latitude zones. The redshift correlation function of clusters for various angular separations on the sky is examined as a test for the reality of the observed angular correlations. The two-point spatial correlation function of clusters in the sample is determined, and the consistency among the three observed correlation functions is tested. A model that describes all the observed correlations is presented.

Bahcall, N. A.↗

Neural correlates for angular head velocity in the rat dorsal tegmental nucleus

Many neurons in the rat lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN) fire selectively in relation to the animal's head direction (HD) in the horizontal plane independent of the rat's location or behavior. One hypothesis of how this representation is generated and updated is via subcortical projections from the dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN). Here we report the type of activity in DTN neurons. The majority of cells (75%) fired as a function of the rat's angular head velocity (AHV). Cells exhibited one of two types of firing patterns: (1) symmetric, in which the firing rate was positively correlated with AHV during head turns in both directions, and (2) asymmetric, in which the firing rate was positively correlated with head turns in one direction and correlated either negatively or not at all in the opposite direction. In addition to modulation by AHV, some of the AHV cells (40.1%) were weakly modulated by the rat's linear velocity, and a smaller number were modulated by HD (11%) or head pitch (15.9%). Autocorrelation analyses indicated that with the head stationary, AHV cells displayed irregular discharge patterns. Because afferents from the DTN are the major source of information projecting to the LMN, these results suggest that AHV information from the DTN plays a significant role in generating the HD signal in LMN. A model is proposed showing how DTN AHV cells can generate and update the LMN HD cell signal.

Non-NASA Center↗

Fuzzy correlations of gamma-ray bursts

The origin of gamma-ray bursts is not known, both in the sense of the nature of the source emitting the radiation and literally, the position of the burst on the sky. Lacking unambiguously identified counterparts in any wavelength band studied to date, statistical approaches are required to determine the burster distance scale. Angular correlation analysis is one of the most powerful tools in this regard. However, poor detector resolution gives large localization errors, effectively beam smearing the positions. The resulting fuzzy angular correlation function is investigated and the generic isotropization that smearing induces on any intrinsic clustering is discussed. In particular, the extent to which gamma-ray burst observations by the BATSE detector aboard the Gamma-Ray Observatory might recover an intrinsic source correlation is investigated.

Hartmann, Dieter H.↗

Higher order correlations of IRAS galaxies

The higher order irreducible angular correlation functions are derived up to the eight-point function, for a sample of 4654 IRAS galaxies, flux-limited at 1.2 Jy in the 60 microns band. The correlations are generally found to be somewhat weaker than those for the optically selected galaxies, consistent with the visual impression of looser clusters in the IRAS sample. It is found that the N-point correlation functions can be expressed as the symmetric sum of products of N - 1 two-point functions, although the correlations above the four-point function are consistent with zero. The coefficients are consistent with the hierarchical clustering scenario as modeled by Hamilton and by Schaeffer.

Meiksin, Avery↗

Effect of molecular shape and flexibility on gamma-ray directional correlations.

Huntress' formalism (1968) is used to calculate the angular correlation behavior for an ensemble of radioactive nuclei, each of which is bound to an asymmetric-top molecule. The calculation is carried out both in an extreme narrowing limit (rapid motion) and in an adiabatic limit (slow motion). The two limiting cases span nearly the whole range of rates of rotational reorientation. It is shown that the problem of internal rotation is formally identical to that of rotation of a symmetric-top molecule. The experimentally observable time-integrated anisotropy is plotted for several rates of internal rotational diffusion.

Marshall, A. G.↗

Cosmological perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin and anisotropy of the microwave background

Cosmological perturbations generated quantum mechanically (as a particular case, during inflation) possess statistical properties of squeezed quantum states. The power spectra of the perturbations are modulated and the angular distribution of the produced temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background radiation is quite specific. An exact formula is derived for the angular correlation function of the temperature fluctuations caused by squeezed gravitational waves. The predicted angular pattern can, in principle, be revealed by observations like those by the Cosmic Background Explorer.

Grishchuk, L. P.↗

Small-scale microwave background anisotropies implied by large-scale data

In the absence of reheating microwave background radiation (MBR) anisotropies on arcminute scales depend uniquely on the amplitude and the coherence length of the primordial density fluctuations (PDFs). These can be determined from the recent data on galaxy correlations, xi(r), on linear scales (APM survey). We develop here expressions for the MBR angular correlation function, C(theta), on arcminute scales in terms of the power spectrum of PDFs and demonstrate their accuracy by comparing with detailed calculations of MBR anisotropies. We then show how to evaluate C(theta) directly in terms of the observed xi(r) and show that the APM data give information on the amplitude, C(O), and the coherence angle of MBR anisotropies on small scales.

Kashlinsky, A.↗

Correlation effects in elastic e-N2 scattering

The Schwinger multichannel formulation has been applied to study the role of electron correlation in low-energy e-N2 scattering. For the five nonresonant partial-wave channels studied here, angular correlation is found to be much more important than radial correlation. The calculated total and differential cross sections agree well with experiment except for the differential cross sections at 1.5 eV.

Huo, Winifred M.↗

Angular clustering properties of gamma-ray bursts and quantitative constraints on their distances

Upper limits on the angular correlation function, w(theta), of gamma-ray bursts are obtained which constrain the sources to be very nearby or very distant. The angular clustering properties of the sources in two recent gamma-ray burst catalogs (Golenetskii et al., 1986 and Atteia et al., 1987) have been derived by determining their two-point w(theta) values, and the correlations of both data sets are consistent with w(theta) = 0. It is shown that if the spatial correlation of gamma-ray bursts resembles that of galaxies or galactic clusters, present gamma-ray burst catalogs must be complete to distances in excess of 100 Mpc, while if gamma-ray bursts are associated with a Galactic disk population, then the upper limits on w(theta) constrain the sampling depth to less than two disk scale heights.

Hartmann, Dieter↗

Schwinger multichannel study of the 2Pi(g) shape resonance in N2

The results of a study on electron-target correlations in the 2Pi(g) shape resonance of elastic e-N2 scattering, using the Schwinger multichannel formulation, are reported. The effects of basis set, orbital representation, and closed-channel-configurations are delineated. The different roles of radial and angular correlations are compared.

Huo, Winifred M.↗