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At least 37 records · Page 2

Development of Decay Heat Sensitivity Analysis Capability in SCALE/ORIGEN

In this work, a decay heat sensitivity analysis capability was developed and implemented in the ORIGEN code of the SCALE nuclear modeling and simulation suite. This capability introduces improved numerical integration schemes, which overcome the challenges associated with accurately modeling the behavior of adjoint nuclide amounts during coarse time steps for both nuclide amount and decay heat sensitivity calculations. This capability significantly improves the accuracy of calculations without compromising computational efficiency compared to the existing method. Extensive verification was conducted for various benchmark problems, including a 238 Pu decay and an irradiation problem involving 135 Xe, evaluated with both coarse and fine time grids. The results show excellent agreement with reference direct perturbation solutions, reaffirming the computational accuracy of the newly proposed numerical integration methods. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were performed for fission product inventories ( 147 Sm, 150 Sm, 155 Gd) in pressurized water reactor UO 2 and MOX fuel assemblies. These analyses demonstrated that the ORIGEN sensitivity analysis capability can capture detailed sensitivity coefficients and underlying physics in real applications. Additionally, a decay heat sensitivity analysis for high-assay low-enriched uranium fuel, including various initial 235 U enrichment and burnup points, highlights the extended capabilities of SCALE/ORIGEN in comprehensively assessing the factors influencing total decay heat. These advancements in ORIGEN offer valuable insights for reactor analysis, fuel design, and safety assessments, especially in the context of advanced nuclear fuel development and design changes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Development of SAM Code Capabilities for Safety Analysis of GCR Air-ingress Events

Air-ingress following a depressurized loss-of-forced-cooling (DLOFC) event is a challenging, multiphysics safety scenario for High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs), involving coupled gas composition transport, buoyancy-driven flow redistribution, graphite oxidation, and structural heat-up. Despite its importance — air ingress is a key scenario identified in the PIRT process for the HTGRs — existing system-level safety codes have lacked the integrated capability to simulate the complete event sequence with high confidence. This report documents the development, validation, and demonstration of three new capabilities in the SAM code to address this gap: (1) a multi-component gas mixture flow model with binary diffusion to track the helium-air composition and its effect on system density and flow; (2) a 0-D graphite oxidation model based on the Roes correlation, including oxygen consumption and exothermic heat release; and (3) an isentropic critical flow model for accurate representation of primary system depressurization through a break. These capabilities are validated against two benchmark experiments. The NSTF heavy-gas ingress experiment validates the multi-component flow model: SAM correctly reproduces the rapid buoyancydriven flow stagnation and subsequent natural circulation recovery driven by composition-dependent density changes. The NACOK graphite oxidation experiment validates the oxidation model: SAM predicts a bottom-level graphite weight loss of 25%, in close agreement with the measured 24%, and reproduces the strong axial nonuniformity and block-geometry dependence of oxidation, at a level comparable to the SPECTRA and TINTE codes. The validated capabilities are then exercised together in an integrated, reactor-scale simulation of a DLOFC air-ingress transient in a simplified HTR-PM pebble-bed reactor. In a single calculation spanning approximately 8 days, SAM reproduces the complete accident sequence: rapid depressurization, densityand diffusion-driven air ingress over ˜15 hours, onset of buoyancy-driven natural circulation, exothermic graphite oxidation with a peak fuel temperature at ˜62 hours, and eventual passive cooldown. These results demonstrate that SAM now provides the nuclear community with a preliminarily validated, modern systemlevel tool for HTGR air-ingress safety analysis, filling a recognized capability gap. Future extensions to broaden species tracking, improve oxidation chemistry, and refine the reactor model are discussed.

Yang, Gang

Integration of Online Cross-Section Generation Capability with Depletion and Transient Solvers in Griffin

Griffin is a Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE)-based reactor multiphysics analysis application jointly developed by Argonne and Idaho National Laboratories under the DOENE Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. In FY25, an online crosssection generation capability based on the Self-Shielding Application Programming Interface (SSAPI) was demonstrated for TRISO-fueled reactor problems under steady-state conditions. This fiscal year, that capability was extended to support depletion and transient multiphysics calculations, enabling high-fidelity analyses that generate self-shielded cross sections on the fly from the actual evolving composition and temperature states rather than from pre-tabulated libraries. For depletion, a two-way coupling was established in which SSAPI computes compact-averaged self-shielded cross sections that the depletion solver then uses to advance the Bateman equations, with the updated compositions returned to SSAPI at each step; the depletion module was refactored to support both library-based and SSAPI-based cross sections, and additional logic was added to track daughter isotopes and to exclude minor isotopes for efficiency. For transient analysis, the SSAPI multigroup library was extended with the kinetics data required for time-dependent calculations, the Improved Quasi-Static (IQS) scheme was coupled with SSAPI, and several supporting capabilities were implemented, including a self-shielding treatment that lets control rods and drums move within a self-shielded model, which had previously been impossible and had ruled out rod- and drum-movement transients with on-the-fly cross sections altogether, a new mixing scheme for delayed-neutron precursor decay constants, a checkpoint-based restart workflow, and performance improvements such as pointwise cross-section interpolation and the bypassing of unnecessary Dancoff factor calculations. The implemented capabilities were verified against Serpent Monte Carlo solutions. For depletion, a prismatic pin-cell problem based on a Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Very High Temperature Reactor benchmark showed excellent agreement, with eigenvalue differences within 200 pcm over the entire burnup range (up to 140 MWD/kgU) and fission-product and actinide inventories agreeing to within 0.8% and 2.5%, respectively; a heat-pipe microreactor assembly problem with a much higher fuel loading confirmed the same behavior and quantified the bias introduced when the multigroup equivalence effect is neglected. For transient analysis, a pin-cell problem with a step reactivity insertion and temperature feedback reproduced the analytically expected asymptotic power and showed close agreement between the direct and IQS solutions, and a two-dimensional microreactor core problem with control-drum rotation exercised the new moving-drum self-shielding treatment and demonstrated successful coupling of the online crosssection generation with both the direct and IQS transient methods. The capability was further exercised on a full-core pebble-bed problem, in which Griffin was coupled with the System Analysis Module (SAM) to simulate load-following operation of the gPBR with the Doppler feedback resolved at the TRISO fuel kernel temperature. These developments in Griffin provide a convenient, high-fidelity approach to cross-section generation for advanced thermal reactors with geometrically complex and highly heterogeneous configurations, including TRISO-fueled prismatic and pebble-bed systems, and support steady-state, depletion, and transient multiphysics calculations. They also enable self-shielded cross sections to be evaluated directly at the actual coupled state of the system, thereby establishing a foundation for high-fidelity, fully coupled multiphysics analysis of advanced reactors

Park, H.

Descent capability of two-propeller tilt-wing configurations

The wing stall problem encountered with tilt-wing V/STOL designs during low-powered descent flight conditions has led to buffeting which adversely affects both performance and handling qualities. The results of tests conducted in the Langley full-scale wind tunnel with a large semi­span model of a two-propeller tilt-wing configuration have indicated that three important factors provide substantial improvement in in the wing stall characteristics with consequent improvement in descent capability: down­-at-center propeller rotation resulted in delayed inboard stalling and pro­vided far better descent capability than the up-at-center rotation, moderate lowering of the propeller position relative to the wing chord provided further improvement in descent capability, and some flap deflec­tion was absolutely essential in order to have any descent capability for low-powered flight conditions. Use of all three factors should provide good descent capability even without the complexity of other sophisticated stall control devices.

WING STALL

Review and revocation of access privileges distributed through capabilities

The problems of review and revocation of access privileges are presented in the context of the systems that use capabilities for the long-term distribution of access privileges. The approach to solve these two problems requires that a capability propagation graph be maintained in memory spaces associated with subjects (e.g., domains, processes, etc.) that make copies of the respective capability; the graph remains inaccessible to those subjects, however. Parallel processes of the operating system update the graph as the system runs. It is noted that the most important application of the above mechanisms may prove to be the possibility of implementing a capability-based system in which the capability representation is short.

Gligor, V. D.

Energy-absorption capability and scalability of square cross section composite tube specimens

Static crushing tests were conducted on graphite/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy square cross section tubes to study the influence of specimen geometry on the energy-absorption capability and scalability of composite materials. The tube inside width-to-wall thickness (W/t) ratio was determined to significantly affect the energy-absorption capability of composite materials. As W/t ratio decreases, the energy-absorption capability increases nonlinearly. The energy-absorption capability of Kevlar epoxy tubes was found to be geometrically scalable, but the energy-absorption capability of graphite/epoxy tubes was not geometrically scalable.

Farley, Gary L.

Energy-absorption capability of composite tubes and beams

In this study the objective was to develop a method of predicting the energy-absorption capability of composite subfloor beam structures. Before it is possible to develop such an analysis capability, an in-depth understanding of the crushing process of composite materials must be achieved. Many variables affect the crushing process of composite structures, such as the constituent materials' mechanical properties, specimen geometry, and crushing speed. A comprehensive experimental evaluation of tube specimens was conducted to develop insight into how composite structural elements crush and what are the controlling mechanisms. In this study the four characteristic crushing modes, transverse shearing, brittle fracturing, lamina bending, and local buckling were identified and the mechanisms that control the crushing process defined. An in-depth understanding was developed of how material properties affect energy-absorption capability. For example, an increase in fiber and matrix stiffness and failure strain can, depending upon the configuration of the tube, increase energy-absorption capability. An analysis to predict the energy-absorption capability of composite tube specimens was developed and verified. Good agreement between experiment and prediction was obtained.

Farley, Gary L.

Energy-absorption capability and scalability of square cross section composite tube specimens

Static crushing tests were conducted on graphite/epoxy and Kevlar/epoxy square cross section tubes to study the influence of specimen geometry on the energy-absorption capability and scalability of composite materials. The tube inside width-to-wall thickness (W/t) ratio was determined to significantly affect the energy-absorption capability of composite materials. As W/t ratio decreases, the energy-absorption capability increases nonlinearly. The energy-absorption capability of Kevlar epoxy tubes was found to be geometrically scalable, but the energy-absorption capability of graphite/epoxy tubes was not geometrically scalable.

Farley, Gary L.

The effects of crushing speed on the energy-absorption capability of composite tubes

The energy-absorption capability as a function of crushing speed was determined for Thornel 300-Fiberite 934 (Gr-E) and Kevlar-49-Fiberite 934 (K-E) composite material. Circular cross section tube specimens were crushed at speeds ranging from 0.01 to 12 m/sec. Ply orientations of the tube specimens were (0/ +/- theta)2 and (+/- theta)2 where theta = 15, 45, and 75 deg. Based upon the results of these tests, the energy-absorption capability of Gr-E and K-E was determined to be a function of crushing speed. The magnitude of the effects of crushing speed on energy-absorption capability was determined to be a function of the mechanisms that control the crushing process. The effects of crushing speed on the energy-absorption capability is related to whether the mechanical response of the crushing mechanism that controls the crushing process is a function of strain rate. Energy-absorption capability of Gr-E and K-E tubes ranged between 0 and 35 percent and 20 and 45 percent, respectively, depending upon ply orientation.

Farley, Gary L.

Geometry and gravity influences on strength capability

Strength, defined as the capability of an individual to produce an external force, is one of the most important determining characteristics of human performance. Knowledge of strength capabilities of a group of individuals can be applied to designing equipment and workplaces, planning procedures and tasks, and training individuals. In the manned space program, with the high risk and cost associated with spaceflight, information pertaining to human performance is important to ensuring mission success and safety. Knowledge of individual's strength capabilities in weightlessness is of interest within many areas of NASA, including workplace design, tool development, and mission planning. The weightless environment of space places the human body in a completely different context. Astronauts perform a variety of manual tasks while in orbit. Their ability to perform these tasks is partly determined by their strength capability as demanded by that particular task. Thus, an important step in task planning, development, and evaluation is to determine the ability of the humans performing it. This can be accomplished by utilizing quantitative techniques to develop a database of human strength capabilities in weightlessness. Furthermore, if strength characteristics are known, equipment and tools can be built to optimize the operators' performance. This study examined strength in performing a simple task, specifically, using a tool to apply a torque to a fixture.

Poliner, Jeffrey

Sierra/SolidMechanics, ITAR Users Guide (V.5.24): Addendum for Shock Capabilities

This is an addendum to the Sierra/SolidMechanics 5.24 User’s Guide that documents additional capabilities available only in alternate versions of the Sierra/SolidMechanics (Sierra/SM) code. These alternate versions are enhanced to provide capabilities that are regulated under the U.S. Department of State’s International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) export control rules. The ITAR regulated codes are only distributed to entities that comply with the ITAR export control requirements. The ITAR enhancements to Sierra/SM include material models with an energy-dependent pressure response (appropriate for very large deformations and strain rates) and capabilities for blast modeling. This document is an addendum only; the standard Sierra/SolidMechanics 5.24 User’s Guide should be referenced for most general descriptions of code capability and use.

42 ENGINEERING

Capabilities of a single scan TV-radiographic system for digital data acquisition.

A single scan TV-radiography system capable of providing analogue signals ready for A-D conversion for input to a computer has been investigated. Modulation transfer functions of both horizontal and vertical resolution have been obtained. The capability for gray scale reproduction was also investigated. The output data rate of the system is 16 KHz thereby providing compatibility to A-D converters generally available for most computers. In general, the capability of the system was found to exceed the input capabilities of available image-amplifiers and is therefore acceptable for quantitative fluoroscopic applications.

Baily, N. A.

JSC earth resources data analysis capabilities available to EOD revision B

A list and summary description of all Johnson Space Center electronic laboratory and photographic laboratory capabilities available to earth resources division personnel for processing earth resources data are provided. The electronic capabilities pertain to those facilities and systems that use electronic and/or photographic products as output. The photographic capabilities pertain to equipment that uses photographic images as input and electronic and/or table summarizes processing steps. A general hardware description is presented for each of the data processing systems, and the titles of computer programs are used to identify the capabilities and data flow.

Source record

Capabilities and applications of the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST). Program summary document

The capabilities and applications of the three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) version and the six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) version of the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) are summarized. The document supplements the detailed program manuals by providing additional information that motivates and clarifies basic capabilities, input procedures, applications and computer requirements of these programs. The information will enable prospective users to evaluate the programs, and to determine if they are applicable to their problems. Enough information is given to enable managerial personnel to evaluate the capabilities of the programs and describes the POST structure, formulation, input and output procedures, sample cases, and computer requirements. The report also provides answers to basic questions concerning planet and vehicle modeling, simulation accuracy, optimization capabilities, and general input rules. Several sample cases are presented.

Brauer, G. L.

Capabilities offered by the Space Transportation System for the conduct of scientific experiments

The capabilities of the Space Transportation System (STS) to support the conduct of scientific investigations in space are reviewed for two modes of operation - dedicated Spacelab missions and mixed cargo missions. Along with these capabilities exist certain limitations. Their significance and NASA's approach for dealing with them are described. Examples of the unique aspects of the STS's capabilities are demonstrated by citing some of the investigations under development for early STS missions and others planned for future development. In addition, augmentation packages to increase STS capabilities are reviewed, and their impact on the conduct of future scientific investigations is projected.

Bensimon, M.

Shuttle/Centaur Upper Stage Capability

A joint project to design, develop, procure, and produce Centaur upper stages for use with the Space Shuttle is discussed. A common Centaur G stage 6 meters (19.5 feet) in length is being jointly developed. A longer version designated Centaur G Prime is being developed by NASA to accomplish the Galileo and International Solar-Polar Mission flights in 1986. The Centaur G and G Prime will have the capability to place, respectively, approximately 4540 kilograms (10,000 pounds) and 5910 kilograms (13,000 pounds) into geosynchronous orbit from a standard Shuttle parking orbit of 278 kilometers (150 nautical miles) and Shuttle performance (lift) capability 29,500 kilograms (65,000 pounds). The advent of high energy upper stage capability in 1986 will permit space users and spacecraft developers to utilize spacecraft growth, stage combination concepts with storage modules, teleoperator systems, and other mission peculiar devices to satisfy complex mission demands. These capabilities should greatly enhance the usefulness of the space environment and stimulate mission planners toward conception of innovative means to meet ever increasing mission requirements.

Clark, H. J.

Demonstration of new PCSD capabilities

The new, more flexible and more friendly graphics capabilities to be available in later releases of the Pilot Climate Data System were demonstrated. The LIMS-LAMAT data set was chosen to illustrate these new capabilities. Pseudocolor and animation were used to represent the third and fourth dimensions, expanding the analytical capabilities available through the traditional two-dimensional x-y plot. In the new version, variables for the axes are chosen by scrolling through viable selections. This scrolling feature is a function of the new user interface customization. The new graphics are extremely user friendly and should free the scientist to look at data and converse with it, without doing any programming. The system is designed to rapidly plot any variable versus any other variable and animate by any variable. Any one plot in itself is not extraordinary; however, the fact that a user can generate the plots instead of a programmer distinguishes the graphics capabilities of the PCDS from other software packages. In addition, with the new CDF design, the system will become more generic, and the new graphics will become much more rigorous in the area of correlative studies.

Gough, M.

Effect of specimen geometry on the energy absorption capability of composite materials

Static crushing tests were conducted on graphite and Kevlar reinforced epoxy tubes to examine the influence of specimen geometry on the energy absorption capability of composite materials. Tube inside diameter to wall thickness (D/t) ratio was determined to significantly affect the energy absorption capability of composite materials. As D/t ratio decreases, the energy absorption capability increases nonlinearly. The energy absorption capability of K/E tubes was found to be geometrically scalable but energy absorption of Gr/E tubes was not geometrically scalable.

Farley, G. L.