Dynamic Process Modeling for a 10 MWe Supercritical CO2 Recompression Brayton Pilot Plant
Presented by NETL at 2017 Microscopy and Microanalysis Annual Meeting, 10/17
Dynamic Modeling↗
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Results for “dynamic processes”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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High-speed X-ray study of process dynamics caused by surface features during continuous-wave laser polishing
During high-speed X-ray imaging of laser surface polishing experiments of specimens of 316L stainless steel at Argonne National Lab's Advanced Photon Source, it was discovered that the induced keyhole changes shape and dimensions while crossing an engineered surface feature without altering process parameters. It was observed that the post-surface feature keyhole was deeper than that of the pre surface feature keyhole. Here, this work reports on the first in-situ observation of the effect of localized surface geometry on underlying melt pool behavior. This has implications for defect formation mechanisms during laser melting processes that rely on melt pool geometry.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Economy analysis of second-life battery in wind power systems considering battery degradation in dynamic processes: Real case scenarios
Energy storage system plays an important role in modern power systems for mitigating the variation and intermittency of renewable energy sources. The Lithium-ion battery is currently the most widely used solution for energy storage system. However, its high cost is considered as one of the major barriers hampering the integration of renewable energy and the adoption of electric vehicles. Reusing electric vehicle batteries seems a promising solution to the aforementioned problem. Based on a dynamic degradation model of Lithium-ion batteries, this paper first compares the profits that second-life and fresh batteries can bring to the wind farm. Model predictive control is adopted to solve an hourly optimal wind scheduling problem and maximize the profit of wind farm owner. Here, the optimal size of battery is determined and then the comparison of second-life and fresh batteries is conducted taking the battery degradation, the profit of the wind farm owner, and various remaining capacities of battery into account. Two case studies in USA and Denmark are conducted and the analysis shows that given the current prices of wind energy and Lithium-ion batteries, reusing batteries is not worthwhile for the studied wind farms, but it may outperform fresh batteries in the future if the wind energy price decreases much faster than the battery price.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Dynamic processes in transient phases during self-assembly of organic semiconductor thin films
Understanding and manipulating crystallization processes has been an important challenge for solution-processed organic thin films, both for fundamental studies and for fabricating thin films with near-intrinsic charge transport properties. We report an in situ X-ray scattering study of the crystallization of 2-decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-C 10 ) during its deposition from solution. At temperatures modestly below the smectic-E/crystalline phase boundary, the crystallization goes through a transient liquid crystal state before reaching the final stable crystalline phase. Significant dynamics occur in the first few seconds of the transition, which are observed through fluctuations in the X-ray scattering intensity, and are correlated with the time interval that the transient thin film coexists with the evaporating solvent. The transition to the stable crystalline phase takes minutes or even hours under these conditions, which may be a result of the asymmetry of the molecule. Transient phases are of potential interest for applications, since they can act as a route to self-assembly of organic thin films. However, our observations show that the long-lived monolayer-stacked intermediate state does not act as a template for the bilayer-stacked crystalline phase. Rather, the grain structure is replaced through nucleation, where the nucleation free-energy barrier is related to a potential barrier that prevents molecules to flip their long axis by 180°.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
$\mathrm{RADICAL}$-Pilot and $\mathrm{PMIx}$/$\mathrm{PRRTE}$: Executing Heterogeneous Workloads at Large Scale on Partitioned $\mathrm{HPC}$ Resources
Execution of heterogeneous workflows on high-performance computing (HPC) platforms present unprecedented resource management and execution coordination challenges for runtime systems. Task heterogeneity increases the complexity of resource and execution management, limiting the scalability and efficiency of workflow execution. Re-source partitioning and distribution of tasks execution over portioned re-sources promises to address those problems but we lack an experimental evaluation of its performance at scale. Here this paper provides a performance evaluation of the Process Management Interface for Exascale (PMIx) and its reference implementation PRRTE on the leadership-class HPC plat-form Summit, when integrated into a pilot-based runtime system called RADICAL-Pilot. We partition resources across multiple PRRTE Distributed Virtual Machine (DVM) environments, responsible for launching tasks via the PMIx interface. We experimentally measure the work-load execution performance in terms of task scheduling/launching rate and distribution of DVM task placement times, DVM startup and termination overheads on the Summit leadership-class HPC platform. Integrated solution with PMIx/PRRTE enables using an abstracted, standardized set of interfaces for orchestrating the launch process, dynamic process management and monitoring capabilities. It extends scaling capabilities allowing to overcome a limitation of other launching mechanisms (e.g., JSM/LSF). Explored different DVM setup configurations provide insights on DVM performance and a layout to leverage it. Our experimental results show that heterogeneous workload of 65,500 tasks on 2048 nodes, and partitioned across 32 DVMs, runs steady with resource utilization not lower than 52%. While having less concurrently executed tasks resource utilization is able to reach up to 85%, based on results of heterogeneous workload of 8200 tasks on 256 nodes and 2 DVMs.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Modeling of Gas Dynamic Processes in the Interelectrode Gap of a Multielement Thermionic Electricity Generating Channel by Solving the Kinetic Equation
This work is devoted to the application of a numerical method of solving Boltzmann’s equation for modeling the behavior of radionuclides (Kr, Xe, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba) in the cavity of the interelectrode gap of a multielement electricity generating channel. Modeling methods were developed and software system implemented in the course of this work. Calculations were performed for two structural arrangements: with uni- and bilateral extraction of radionuclides into the vacuum-cesium system. Data on the pressure and flow distributions were obtained. The krypton and xenon pressure near the collector as functions of their flow and the cesium gas pressure at the gap exits were determined computationally.
07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
High temperature/pressure MAS-NMR for the study of dynamic processes in mixed phase systems
Not Available
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Photoinduced Single- and Multiple-Electron Dynamics Processes Enhanced by Quantum Confinement in Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots
Not Available
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
The evolution dynamical processes of Ural blocking through the lens of local finite-amplitude wave activity budget analysis
Understanding the formation and evolution mechanisms of Ural blocking (UB) is of great importance for the prediction of UB and relevant extremes in east Asia. Using the 6-hourly ERA-Interim reanalysis data, this study quantifies the conservative and nonconservative processes in the lifecycle of UB through the lens of the hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian local finite-amplitude wave activity (LWA) diagnostics. It is found that (i) as a wave activity source, eddy heat flux works to not only initiate the UB, but also prevent the wave activity of the blocking from dispersing downstream---the key characteristic of blocking; (ii) both the wave propagation and wave advection mechanisms are indispensable for the evolution of UB, playing a tug-of-war on the downstream development of wave activity; (iii) Throughout the lifespan of UB, diabatic heating provides the most important damping mechanism for the wave activity both upstream and downstream; and (IV) irreversible PV mixing appears to compensate the eddy PV flux during the wave breaking stage of blocking.
Blocking, wave activity, eddy-mean flow interactio↗
Dynamic process of the resonant phonon scattering in fully filled skutterudites
Not Available
Wang, Yancheng↗
Exploring order parameters and dynamic processes in disordered systems via variational autoencoders
The local order parameter in a disordered system is explored with convolutional neural networks and variational autoencoder.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Quantum theory of laser cooling: Statistical description of the process dynamics
The setting time of the stationary distribution over translational degrees of freedom of two-level atoms in the field of a one-dimensional standing light wave is studied. The dependences of this time on the problem parameters such as the light wave intensity, frequency detuning, and atom mass are obtained. Calculations are performed on the basis of the quantum-mechanical equation for the atomic density matrix taking completely into account the recoil and spatial localization effects in an arbitrarily intense light field.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Final Report: Investigations of Mixed-Phase Cloud Microphysical, Radiative, and Dynamical Processes
This project supported the principle investigator’s work on a number of studies regarding mixed-phase clouds and in various related collaborations with ARM and related scientists. This project has contributed to numerous publications and conference/meeting presentations.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Composition and Dynamical Processes of Ions in Giant Magnetospheres: The Importance of In Situ Measurements for Advancing the Current Knowledge [Slides]
In this white paper, we emphasize the importance of in situ ion composition measurements provided by plasma mass spectrometers in planetary magnetospheres (Uranus and Neptune) aimed for future planetary missions. We present our current understanding on magnetospheres of Uranus and Neptune that are largely based on Plasma Science Investigation (PLS, faraday cups) and Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) instrument on Voyager 2 and what measurements need to be made to improve it. We emphasize that the future missions equipped with plasma mass spectrometers must visit these magnetospheres again to advance our current knowledge. Finally, this white paper summarizes key science questions that needs to be addressed which all of them requires a direct ion composition measurements from a plasma spectrometer.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Method for phase retrieval to reduce a sampling requirement when imaging a dynamic process
A method for retrieving phase information in a coherent diffraction imaging process includes acquiring a plurality of 3D data sets, each 3D data set corresponding to one of a plurality of time states, and reconstructing a 3D image of the object at a given time state using the 3D data set from all of the time states. Each 3D data set is acquired by: illuminating an object positioned in a first position with a coherent beam; measuring a first 2D diffraction pattern using an area detector; rotating the object around a tilt axis thereof to a second position that is different from the first position; re-illuminating the object positioned in the second position with the coherent beam; re-measuring a second 2D diffraction pattern using the area detector; and repeating the rotating, re-illuminating and re-measuring steps such that each 3D data set includes a predetermined number of diffraction patterns.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Stiffness Matters: The Role of the Interface Stiffness Tensor on Grain Boundary Dynamical Processes.
Abstract not provided.
Abdeljawad, Fadi F.↗
Quasi-Dynamic Electromagnetic Field Safety Analysis and Mitigation for High-Power Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles
Dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles (EV) is an emerging charging technology to enable non-contact wireless charging while the vehicle is moving. Compared to stationary wireless charging, in-motion wireless charging involves dynamic processes in which an EV is passing over the charging pads (transmitters). This in motion process makes the dynamic electromagnetic (EM) environment more complicated, and EM safety needs to be ensured under all circumstances. This is due to the fact that the entire vehicle body may be exposed to magnetic fields while the vehicle moves over the energized transmitter. This paper investigates several typical charging scenarios when EVs approach, pass over, and move away from the charging pads. Quasi-dynamic models, which are preliminarily verified by coils’ inductance measurements, are developed to analyze the dynamic process. Based on the quasi-dynamic analysis, shielding solutions are also studied to ensure EM safety for the dynamic wireless charging processes.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗