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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2014

Simulation and Control Lab Development for Power and Energy Management for NASA Manned Deep Space Missions

The development of distributed hierarchical and agent-based control systems will allow for reliable autonomous energy management and power distribution for on-orbit missions. Power is one of the most critical systems on board a space vehicle, requiring quick response time when a fault or emergency is identified. As NASAs missions with human presence extend beyond low earth orbit autonomous control of vehicle power systems will be necessary and will need to reliably function for long periods of time. In the design of autonomous electrical power control systems there is a need to dynamically simulate and verify the EPS controller functionality prior to use on-orbit. This paper presents the work at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio where the development of a controls laboratory is being completed that will be utilized to demonstrate advanced prototype EPS controllers for space, aeronautical and terrestrial applications. The control laboratory hardware, software and application of an autonomous controller for demonstration with the ISS electrical power system is the subject of this paper.

Space Flight↗
NASA NTRS2017

High-Efficiency Food Production in a Renewable Energy Based Micro-Grid

Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) systems can be used to produce high-quality, desirable food year round, and the fresh produce can positively contribute to the health and well being of residents in communities with difficult supply logistics. While CEA has many positive outcomes for a remote community, the associated high electric demands have prohibited widespread implementation in what is typically already a fully subscribed power generation and distribution system. Recent advances in CEA technologies as well as renewable power generation, storage, and micro-grid management are increasing system efficiency and expanding the possibilities for enhancing community supporting infrastructure without increasing demands for outside supplied fuels. We will present examples of how new lighting, nutrient delivery, and energy management and control systems can enable significant increases in food production efficiency while maintaining high yields in CEA.Examples from Alaskan communities where initial incorporation of renewable power generation, energy storage and grid management techniques have already reduced diesel fuel consumption for electric generation by more than 40 and expanded grid capacity will be presented. We will discuss how renewable power generation, efficient grid management to extract maximum community service per kW, and novel energy storage approaches can expand the food production, water supply, waste treatment, sanitation and other community support services without traditional increases of consumable fuels supplied from outside the community. These capabilities offer communities with a range of choices to enhance their communities. The examples represent a synergy of technology advancement efforts to develop sustainable community support systems for future space-based human habitats and practical implementation of infrastructure components to increase efficiency and enhance health and well-being in remote communities today and tomorrow.

Renewable Energy↗
NASA NTRS2016

High-Efficiency Food Production in a Renewable Energy Based Micro-Grid Power System

Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) systems can be used to produce high-quality, desirable food year round, and the fresh produce can positively contribute to the health and well being of residents in communities with difficult supply logistics. While CEA has many positive outcomes for a remote community, the associated high electric demands have prohibited widespread implementation in what is typically already a fully subscribed power generation and distribution system. Recent advances in CEA technologies as well as renewable power generation, storage, and micro-grid management are increasing system efficiency and expanding the possibilities for enhancing community supporting infrastructure without increasing demands for outside supplied fuels. We will present examples of how new lighting, nutrient delivery, and energy management and control systems can enable significant increases in food production efficiency while maintaining high yields in CEA. Examples from Alaskan communities where initial incorporation of renewable power generation, energy storage and grid management techniques have already reduced diesel fuel consumption for electric generation by more than 40% and expanded grid capacity will be presented. We will discuss how renewable power generation, efficient grid management to extract maximum community service per kW, and novel energy storage approaches can expand the food production, water supply, waste treatment, sanitation and other community support services without traditional increases of consumable fuels supplied from outside the community. These capabilities offer communities with a range of choices to enhance their communities. The examples represent a synergy of technology advancement efforts to develop sustainable community support systems for future space-based human habitats and practical implementation of infrastructure components to increase efficiency and enhance health and well being in remote communities today and tomorrow.

Fuel↗
NASA NTRS1972

Modular Space Station Phase B Extension Preliminary Systems Design Report. Volume VI: Trades and Analyses

This document contains trades and analyses conducted during the Modular Space Station Phase B System Definition. Requirements and concepts considered and the tradeoff analysis leading to the preferred concept are presented. Integrated analyses are presented for subsystems and thermal control. Specific trades and analyses are presented for water management, atmosphere control, energy storage, radiators, navigation, control moment gyros, and system maintenance. The analyses of manipulator concepts and requirements, and supplemental analyses of information management issues are summarized. Subsystem reliability analyses include a detailed discussion of the critical failure analysis.

Jones, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS2019

A Control Strategy for Turbine Electrified Energy Management

Hybrid electric propulsion architectures provide the infrastructure to enable additional benefits to the propulsion system that are otherwise unrealizable with the sole use of the current, state-of-the-art, gas-driven, turbine engines. The presence of electric machines (EMs) coupled to the shaft(s) of the turbine engine provide the ability to actively alter the operation of the engine to the benefit of the propulsion system and the aircraft it propels. This is the goal of the Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) concept, which at its broadest level addresses the management of energy across the electrified propulsion system. Prior work has demonstrated the use of this concept to alter steady-state operation and improve transient operability of a hybrid-electric propulsion system. The main benefits previously illustrated include the elimination of stability bleeds and expansion of the turbomachinery design space in order to enable more efficient designs. This paper focuses on the development of control strategies to implement the TEEM concept, and it explores several possible architecture variants for applying this concept. Comparison studies are conducted between a purely gas-driven turbofan (baseline engine configuration) and TEEM augmented variants of the baseline engine. The variants are distinguished by the shaft(s) that possess an EM. The configurations consider EMs on both shafts, an EM on the high pressure spool (HPS) only, and an EM on the low pressure spool (LPS) only. These configurations are referred to as the dual-spool configuration, the HPS configuration, and LPS configuration, respectively. The studies expose several options in configuring and controlling the system, including the use of a single EM coupled to a single shaft of a two-spool engine to positively impact the operability of both shafts. The studies also demonstrate the use of independently designed controllers for the electric machine(s) that allow for a decoupled control design process.

Energy management↗
NASA NTRS2019

A Control Strategy for Turbine Electrified Energy Management

Hybrid electric propulsion architectures provide the infrastructure to enable additional benefits to the propulsion system that are otherwise unrealizable with the sole use of the current, state-of-the-art, gas-driven, turbine engines. The presence of electric machines (EMs) coupled to the shaft(s) of the turbine engine provide the ability to actively alter the operation of the engine to the benefit of the propulsion system and the aircraft it propels. This is the goal of the Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) concept, which at its broadest level addresses the management of energy across the electrified propulsion system. Prior work has demonstrated the use of this concept to alter steady-state operation and improve transient operability of a hybrid-electric propulsion system. The main benefits previously illustrated include the elimination of stability bleeds and expansion of the turbomachinery design space in order to enable more efficient designs. This paper focuses on the development of control strategies to implement the TEEM concept, and it explores several possible architecture variants for applying this concept. Comparison studies are conducted between a purely gas-driven turbofan (baseline engine configuration) and TEEM augmented variants of the baseline engine. The variants are distinguished by the shaft(s) that possess an EM. The configurations consider EMs on both shafts, an EM on the high pressure spool (HPS) only, and an EM on the low pressure spool (LPS) only. These configurations are referred to as the dual-spool configuration, the HPS configuration, and LPS configuration, respectively. The studies expose several options in configuring and controlling the system, including the use of a single EM coupled to a single shaft of a two-spool engine to positively impact the operability of both shafts. The studies also demonstrate the use of independently designed controllers for the electric machine(s) that allow for a decoupled control design process.

Electrified↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Comparison of Model Predictive Control Architectures for Application to Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Systems

As electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems continue to mature, more sophisticated hardware and software are being developed to balance operations among electric machines and gas-turbine engines. In hybrid-electric propulsion systems, the increased complexity resulting from integrating turbine-engine shafts with electric machines necessitates control methodologies to account for various physical domains. Ideal controllers for hybrid-electric engines manage systems, subsystems, and their interactions in a coordinated fashion, able to account for safety and performance goals while being computationally efficient. In a previous work, linear model predictive control (MPC) schemes were implemented in centralized and distributed frameworks on a nonlinear turbofan engine model as a proof of concept. However, these schemes were not evaluated for computational complexity, prompting further study. The research presented here develops hierarchical MPC schemes to reduce the computational burden of the previous MPC schemes. A two-tier framework is implemented, where a slower sampling MPC controls electric machines and determines fan-speed tracking goals for a faster sampling controller, which is either a MPC or a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The proposed designs are compared to the centralized MPC investigated previously, and performance is measured via fan speed tracking error, energy storage state-of-charge, and computation time. Results reveal that the hierarchical MPC scheme employing a lower-level PI controller improves computation time while maintaining comparable tracking and state-of-charge regulation to the centralized scheme.

model predictive control↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Comparison of Model Predictive Control Architectures for Application to Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Systems

As electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems continue to mature, more sophisticated hardware and software are being developed to balance operations among electric machines and gas-turbine engines. In hybrid-electric propulsion systems, the increased complexity resulting from integrating turbine-engine shafts with electric machines necessitates control methodologies to account for various physical domains. Ideal controllers for hybrid-electric engines manage systems, subsystems, and their interactions in a coordinated fashion, able to account for safety and performance goals while being computationally efficient. In a previous work, linear model predictive control (MPC) schemes were implemented in centralized and distributed frameworks on a nonlinear turbofan engine model as a proof of concept. However, these schemes were not evaluated for computational complexity, prompting further study. The research presented here develops hierarchical MPC schemes to reduce the computational burden of the previous MPC schemes. A two-tier framework is implemented, where a slower sampling MPC controls electric machines and determines fan-speed tracking goals for a faster sampling controller, which is either a MPC or a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The proposed designs are compared to the centralized MPC investigated previously, and performance is measured via fan speed tracking error, energy storage state-of-charge, and computation time. Results reveal that the hierarchical MPC scheme employing a lower-level PI controller improves computation time while maintaining comparable tracking and state-of-charge regulation to the centralized scheme.

model predictive control↗
NASA NTRS1973

Space shuttle GN and C equation document no. 23: Energy dissipation rate guidance for approach phase

The approach guidance routine for taking the space shuttle orbiter from the entry phase of approximately 100,000 feet to the start of the final landing maneuver is discussed. The approach guidance system is a closed feedback loop scheme. The vehicle energy is managed by controlling the rate at which energy is dissipated during a straight in approach. The spacecraft performance during each segment of the approach flight is analyzed. Equations of motion are developed to describe the spacecraft guidance and flight path.

Elias, A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Efficient computerized model for dynamic analysis of energy conversion systems

In searching for the optimum parameters that minimize the total life cycle cost of an energy conversion system, various combinations of components are examined and the resulting system performance and associated economics are studied. The systems performance and economics simulation computer program (SPECS) was developed to fill this need. The program simulates the fluid flow, thermal, and electrical characteristics of a system of components on a quasi-steady state basis for a variety of energy conversion systems. A unique approach is used in which the set of characteristic equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson technique. This approach eliminates the tedious iterative loops which are found in comparable programs such as TRNSYS or SOLTES-1. Several efficient features were also incorporated such as the centralized control and energy management scheme, and analogous treatment of energy flow in electrical and mechanical components, and the modeling of components of similar fundamental characteristics using generic subroutines. Initial tests indicate that this model can be used effectively with a relatively small number of time steps and low computer cost.

Hughes, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Environmental Assessment for the NASA First Response Facility

NASA intends to construct a First Response Facility for integrated emergency response and health management. This facility will consolidate the Stennis Space Center fire department, medical clinic, security operations, emergency operations and the energy management and control center. The alternative considered is the "No Action Alternative". The proposed action will correct existing operational weaknesses and enhance capabilities to respond to medical emergencies and mitigate any other possible threats. Environmental impacts include are emissions, wetlands disturbance, solid waste generation, and storm water control.

Kennedy, Carolyn↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hybrid-Electric Aero-Propulsion Controls Laboratory: Overview and Capability

A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) laboratory is developed to investigate control technologies for electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP). The laboratory emulates a propulsion system by reproducing the mechanical shaft interface to the electrical power system in hardware. The experimental electric power system includes supercapacitor energy storage and a dynamically variable electrical load. A novel method of scaling power and inertia is provided in software to accurately reproduce the transient, off-design turbomachinery performance dynamics without including actual turbomachinery. An overview of how the HIL system can accommodate a broad range of EAP architectures, including power extraction and insertion, with capability for transient energy management is described. The real-time system operates in the 100kW power class and is instrumented to emulate turbomachinery – power system interactions. The platform is an agile, flexible laboratory for low-cost, risk-reduction development and testing of propulsion control, operability, and energy management technologies.

controls↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hybrid-Electric Aero-Propulsion Controls Laboratory: Overview and Capability

A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) laboratory is developed to investigate control technologies for electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP). The laboratory emulates a propulsion system by reproducing the mechanical shaft interface to the electrical power system in hardware. The experimental electric power system includes supercapacitor energy storage and a dynamically variable electrical load. A novel method of scaling power and inertia is provided in software to accurately reproduce the transient, off-design turbomachinery performance dynamics without including actual turbomachinery. An overview of how the HIL system can accommodate a broad range of EAP architectures, including power extraction and insertion, with capability for transient energy management is described. The real-time system operates in the 100kW power class and is instrumented to emulate turbomachinery – power system interactions. The platform is an agile, flexible laboratory for low-cost, risk-reduction development and testing of propulsion control, operability, and energy management technologies.

Controls↗
NASA NTRS2005

Controls for Reusable Launch Vehicles During Terminal Area Energy Management

During the terminal energy management phase of flight (last of three phases) for a reusable launch vehicle, it is common for the controller to receive guidance commands specifying desired values for (i) the roll angle roll q(sub roll), (ii) the acceleration a(sub n) in the body negative z direction, -k(sub A)-bar, and (iii) omega(sub 3), the projection of onto the body-fixed axis k(sub A)-bar, is always indicated by guidance to be zero. The objective of the controller is to regulate the actual values of these three quantities, i.e make them close to the commanded values, while maintaining system stability.

Driessen, Brian J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Solar heating and cooling system design and development

Application surveys and performance studies were conducted to determine a solar heating and hot water configuration that could be used in a variety of applications, and to identify subsystem modules that could be utilized in a building block fashion to adapt hardware items to single and multi-family residential and commercial systems. Topics discussed include: subsystem development for the solar collectors, controls, other components, energy management module, and the heating system configuration test. Operational tests conducted at an Illinois farmhouse, and a YWCA in Spokane, Washington are discussed.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1988

Concurrent development of fault management hardware and software in the SSM/PMAD

Space Station issues in fault management are discussed. The system background is described with attention given to design guidelines and power hardware. A contractually developed fault management system, FRAMES, is integrated with the energy management functions, the control switchgear, and the scheduling and operations management functions. The constraints that shaped the FRAMES system and its implementation are considered.

Freeman, Kenneth A.↗