Vibration Responses of Simple Curved Panels to High-intensity Random and Discrete Frequency Noise
Vibration effects of simple curved panels to high intensity random and discrete frequency noise
Rucker, C. E.↗
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A Study of Acoustic Reflections in Full-Scale Rotor Low Frequency Noise Measurements Acquired in Wind Tunnels
Difficulties in obtaining full-scale rotor low frequency noise measurements in wind tunnels are addressed via residual sound reflections due to non-ideal anechoic wall treatments. Examples illustrated with the Boeing-SMART rotor test in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel facility demonstrated that these reflections introduced distortions in the measured acoustic time histories that are not representative of free-field rotor noise radiation. A simplified reflection analysis, based on the method of images, is used to examine the sound measurement quality in such "less-than-anechoic" environment. Predictions of reflection-adjusted acoustic time histories are qualitatively shown to account for some of the spurious fluctuations observed in wind tunnel noise measurements
Barbely, Natasha L.↗
Results and analysis of a combined aerial and ground ultrahigh frequency noise survey in an urban area
Results and analysis of combined aerial and ground ultrahigh frequency noise survey in urban area
Anzic, G.↗
Aircraft measurement of radio frequency noise at 121.5 MHz, 243MHz and 406MHz
An airborne survey measurement of terrestrial radio-frequency noise over U.S. metropolitan areas has been made at 121.5, 243 and 406 MHz with horizontal-polarization monopole antennas. Flights were at 25,000 feet altitude during the period from December 30, 1976 to January 8, 1977. Radio-noise measurements, expressed in equivalent antenna-noise temperature, indicate a steady-background noise temperature of 572,000 K, at 121.5 MHz, during daylight over New York City. This data is helpful in compiling radio-noise temperature maps; in turn useful for designing satellite-aided, emergency-distress search and rescue communication systems.
Taylor, R. E.↗
Measurement of radio frequency noise in urban, suburban, and rural areas Final report
Measurements of urban, suburban, and rural radio frequency noise interfering with aircraft communication
Mills, A. H.↗
Aircraft measurement of radio frequency noise at 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz and 406 MHz
An airborne survey measurement of terrestrial radio-frequency noise over U.S. metropolitan areas was carried out at 121.5, 243 and 406 MHz with horizontal-polarization monopole antennas. Flights were at 25,000 feet altitude. Radio-noise measurements, expressed in equivalent antenna-noise temperature, indicate a steady-background noise temperature of 572,000 K, at 121.5 MHz, during daylight over New York City. This data is helpful in compiling radio-noise temperature maps; in turn useful for designing satellite-aided, emergency-distress search and rescue communication systems.
Taylor, R. E.↗
Frequency noise induced by fiber perturbations in a fiber-linked stabilized laser
The effects of acoustic perturbations on an optical fiber that links a stabilized laser to its reference cavity are studied. An extrapolation indicates that 69 dB of acoustic noise impinging on a 1-m segment of the 10-m fiber contribute frequency noise at the level of 1 Hz/(Hz)1/2 in the 1100-2100-Hz band.
Pang, YI↗
The ideality factor and the high-frequency noise of Schottky-barrier-type diodes.
Consideration of the effect of the ideality factor on the high-frequency noise emission from diodes. Noise measurements on Schottky barriers and n-n heterojunction diodes are presented as verification of the theory over a range of ideality factors. The requirements for low-noise diodes are outlined.
Neudeck, G. W.↗
Research Plans for Improving Understanding of Effects of Very Low-Frequency Noise of Heavy Lift Rotorcraft
This report reviews the English-language technical literature on infrasonic and low-frequency noise effects; identifies the most salient effects of noise produced by a future large civil tiltrotor aircraft on crew, passengers, and communities near landing areas; and recommends research needed to improve understanding of the effects of such noise on passengers, crew, and residents of areas near landing pads.
Fidell, Sanford↗
User's manual for a computer program to calculate discrete frequency noise of conventional and advanced propellers
A user's manual is presented for a computer program for the calculation of discrete frequency noise of conventional and advanced propellers. The structure of the program and the subroutines describing the input functions are discussed. Input variables and their default values and the variables in the output data sheet are defined. Two versions of the program are available. These differ only in the graphic output capability. One version has only printed output capability. A second version with extensive graphic output capability is available for the computer system at Langley. This Manual includes four detailed examples of both the printed and graphic outputs. These examples may be reproduced by users to check their code on their computer system.
Martin, R. M.↗
Relation between the quasi-periodic oscillations and the low-frequency noise of GX 5-1 in the horizontal branch
Ginga observations of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the low-frequency noise (LFN) from GX 5-1 in its horizontal-branch spectral state are presented. Power spectral fits were attempted using model functions based on simple oscillating shot models. A clear second-harmonic peak of QPO was detected. Variations in the powers of QPO and LFN on timescales of 8-256 s were also studied. These variations were significant for all of the timescales studied, and were uncorrelated with each other on timescales shorter than a few tens of seconds, and correlated on longer timescales. From simulations based on a simple shot model, it was found that the variation amplitude and the lack of correlation on short timescales are not inconsistent with the oscillating shot models. A more complex model is necessary to fully explain the observed properties.
Mitsuda, Kazuhisa↗
Estimation of Frequency Noise in Semiconductor Lasers Due to Mechanical Thermal Noise
We evaluate mechanical thermal noise in semiconductor lasers, applying a methodology developed for fixed-spacer cavities for laser frequency stabilization. Our simple model determines an underlying fundamental limit for the frequency noise of free-running semiconductor laser, and provides a framework: where the noise may be potentially reduced with improved design.
Numata, Kenji↗
The influence of wind-tunnel walls on discrete frequency noise
This paper describes an analytical model that can be used to examine the effects of wind-tunnel walls on discrete frequency noise. First, a complete physical model of an acoustic source in a wind tunnel is described, and a simplified version is then developed. This simplified model retains the important physical processes involved, yet it is more amenable to analysis. Second, the simplified physical model is formulated as a mathematical problem. An inhomogeneous partial differential equation with mixed boundary conditions is set up and then transformed into an integral equation. The integral equation has been solved with a panel program on a computer. Preliminary results from a simple model problem will be shown and compared with the approximate analytic solution.
Mosher, M.↗
The quasi-periodic oscillations and very low frequency noise of Scorpius X-1 as transient chaos - A dripping handrail?
We present evidence that the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) and very low frequency noise (VLFN) characteristic of many accretion sources are different aspects of the same physical process. We analyzed a long, high time resolution EXOSAT observation of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) Sco X-1. The X-ray luminosity varies stochastically on time scales from milliseconds to hours. The nature of this variability - as quantified with both power spectrum analysis and a new wavelet technique, the scalegram - agrees well with the dripping handrail accretion model, a simple dynamical system which exhibits transient chaos. In this model both the QPO and VLFN are produced by radiation from blobs with a wide size distribution, resulting from accretion and subsequent diffusion of hot gas, the density of which is limited by an unspecified instability to lie below a threshold.
Scargle, Jeffrey D.↗
Prediction of helicopter rotor discrete frequency noise: A computer program incorporating realistic blade motions and advanced acoustic formulation
A computer program has been developed at the Langley Research Center to predict the discrete frequency noise of conventional and advanced helicopter rotors. The program, called WOPWOP, uses the most advanced subsonic formulation of Farassat that is less sensitive to errors and is valid for nearly all helicopter rotor geometries and flight conditions. A brief derivation of the acoustic formulation is presented along with a discussion of the numerical implementation of the formulation. The computer program uses realistic helicopter blade motion and aerodynamic loadings, input by the user, for noise calculation in the time domain. A detailed definition of all the input variables, default values, and output data is included. A comparison with experimental data shows good agreement between prediction and experiment; however, accurate aerodynamic loading is needed.
Brentner, K. S.↗
Methods for reducing blade passing frequency noise generated by rotor-wake - stator interaction
A theoretical model for the generation of blade-passage noise caused by the interaction of rotor wakes with the downstream stator blades in a fan stage has been compiled. This model has combined a description of the rotor wake based on existing experimental correlations with an existing theory for the response of the stator blades to those wakes. This model of the interaction-caused blade-passage noise has been used to examine some effects of blade geometry and flow conditions on the noise generated. A set of significant parameters has been identified to reduce this interaction-caused blade-passage frequency noise. A redesign of an existing fan with the use of these concepts has produced a theoretical noise reduction of more than 7 decibels.
Dittmar, J. H.↗
A prediction of helicopter rotor discrete frequency noise for three scale models using a new acoustics program
A new computer program which uses Farassat's most advanced subsonic time domain formulation has been written to predict helicopter rotor discrete frequency noise. A brief description of the program, WOPWOP, is followed by a comparison of predicted and experimentally measured acoustic pressure and spectra for a 1/4 scale UH-1 model rotor blade and a 1/7 scale OLS (AH-1G) model rotor blade. The C81 computer program was used to predict the spanwise loading on the rotor for aerodynamic input into the acoustic prediction. Comparisons are made for different flight conditions and microphone locations with good results. In general the acoustic pressure is underpredicted. The acoustic predictions for a tapered rotor blade and predictions for microphones well below the tip path plane show less underprediction. Finally, in-plane motion of the rotor blade is shown to significantly affect the peak-to-peak amplitude of the acoustic pressure for high advancing tip Mach numbers.
Brentner, Kenneth S.↗
A review of propeller discrete frequency noise prediction technology with emphasis on two current methods for time domain calculations
A review of propeller noise prediction technology is presented which highlights the developments in the field from the successful attempt of Gutin to the current sophisticated techniques. Two methods for the predictions of the discrete frequency noise from conventional and advanced propellers in forward flight are described. These methods developed at MIT and NASA Langley Research Center are based on different time domain formulations. Brief description of the computer algorithms based on these formulations are given. The output of these two programs, which is the acoustic pressure signature, is Fourier analyzed to get the acoustic pressure spectrum. The main difference between the programs as they are coded now is that the Langley program can handle propellers with supersonic tip speed while the MIT program is for subsonic tip speed propellers. Comparisons of the calculated and measured acoustic data for a conventional and an advanced propeller show good agreement in general.
Farassat, F.↗