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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

The NREL Sensor Laboratory Detection of Hydrogen Emissions

The development of a functional hydrogen detection system is a multifaceted process that integrates hardware, deployments strategies, and analytics which can be supported by the NREL Sensor Laboratory: 1. Support of the design, validation and optimization of sensing prototypes; 2. Guide optimized sensing element development, including control electronics; 3. Laboratory testing to validate/optimize metrological performance (measurement range, detection limit, etc.); 4. Provide test sites for field deployments representative of real-world scenarios with controlled hydrogen releases; 5. Develop sensor placement and operation guidance; 6. Provide guidance on electronics to accommodate facility integration; 7. Electrical safety designs to allow for operation within restricted zones; 8. Integration into facility monitoring and control systems; 9. Guide incorporation of cyber security elements to protect facilities from malicious attacks; 10. Modeling and application of advanced analytics to detect and quantify emissions; 11. Higher Order dispersion models to guide sensor placement for reliable detection; 12. Advanced analytics for improved metrological performances, and to inform inverse modeling; 13. Market support and commercialization (national and international markets); 14. Commercial deployments in H2@SCALE markets (e.g., HUBs and other large-scale hydrogen markets); and 15. Leverage off international collaborations/partnerships (e.g., NREL is on the advisory board for the European initiative "pre-Normative Research on Hydrogen Releases Assessment"-NHyRA).

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Production of Renewable Natural Gas from Waste Carbon Dioxide Sources (CRADA Final Report)

This CRADA provides new funding from SoCalGas and DOE's BETO and FCTO Offices focused hydrogen mass transfer limitations in H2@Scale processes. The project leverages the existing hydrogen production capabilities at the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) and SoCalGas' 700 L bioreactor system designed, built, and delivered to NLR under the first phase of this CRADA. This Joint Work Statement will cover new hardware modifications between NLR's electorlyzer stack and the SoCalGas bioreactor located outdoors. The new hardware and controls will provide researchers with the tools needed to obtain preliminary experimental data for a non-provisional application due in July 2019. The IP being developed is expected to improve the productivity of the bioreactor and would have wider impacts on other end-use processes using pressurized hydrogen (H2). In addition, this new funding enhances an existing BETO Biopower award by developing a 10-15 kW electrolyzer that is scalable to the MW-class with reduced capital cost and higher efficiency aimed at improving H2 mass transfer to downstream processes, like biomethanation. Finally due to the close-coupling between the electrolyzer stack and bioreactor, R&D will focus on cell retention, nutrient maintenance, optimal water management and process controls.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Commercialization of the NLR Hydrogen Wide Area Monitor (HyWAM): Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

Hydrogen wide area monitoring refers to the temporal and quantitative 3-dimenasional spatial profiling of hydrogen plumes following either intentional or unintentional hydrogen releases. A hydrogen wide area monitor (HyWAM) would have applications as a research tool, for example to provide empirical data on the behavior of hydrogen dispersions following a release, which in turn can be used to validate modelling studies. Support of modeling studies and commercial applications are interrelated, since modeling can serve to guide HyWAM deployment for enhanced safety within medium to large scale hydrogen operations, such as those envisioned by H2@Scale.

08 HYDROGEN↗
NASA NTRS2004

The Distribution of Cosmic-Ray Sources in the Galaxy, Gamma-Rays and the Gradient in the CO-to-H2 Relation

We present a solution to the apparent discrepancy between the radial gradient in the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emissivity and the distribution of supernova remnants, believed to be the sources of cosmic rays. Recent determinations of the pulsar distribution have made the discrepancy even more apparent. The problem is shown to be plausibly solved by a variation in the Wco-to-N(H2) scaling factor. If this factor increases by a factor of 5-10 from the inner to the outer Galaxy, as expected from the Galactic metallicity gradient and supported by other evidence, we show that the source distribution required to match the radial gradient of gamma-rays can be reconciled with the distribution of supernova remnants as traced by current studies of pulsars. The resulting model fits the EGRET gamma-ray profiles extremely well in longitude, and reproduces the mid-latitude inner Galaxy intensities better than previous models.

Strong, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS2019

NASA Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Activities

This very high-level summary presentation covers 2019 NASA activities pertinent to the terrestrial hydrogen economy in general and the Department of Energy "H2@Scale" initiative in particular. The presentation introduces NASA and provides a basic review of relevant electrochemical systems before conveying basic technologies for a Lunar hydrogen economy starting with energy storage options of batteries and regenerative fuel cells before delving into locally generated and cryogenically stored propellant through in situ resource utilization (ISRU) methods.

Jakupca, Ian↗
DOE OSTI2023

ARIES/Flatirons Facility - Hydrogen System Capability Buildout

Under the "Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems" (ARIES) initiative, hydrogen system capabilities including a MW-scale electrolyzer, storage system, and MW-scale fuel cell generator will be designed and commissioned at NREL's Flatirons Campus. This hydrogen infrastructure will support H2@Scale goals by enabling integrated systems R&D to study the science of scaling for hydrogen energy systems.The system is designed with flexibility to provide a testbed to demonstrate systems integration, grid services, energy storage, direct renewable hydrogen production, and innovative end use applications (e.g. HD transportation, natural gas blending, etc.).

Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems↗
DOE OSTI2023

Optimal Wind Turbine Design for H2 Production

The Optimal Wind Turbine Design for Hydrogen Production work seeks to address the H2@Scale program's goal to "advance affordable hydrogen production" by optimizing the wind turbine design specifically for hydrogen (H2) production. The project identifies optimal wind turbine designs made specifically for hydrogen production to advance affordable green hydrogen production. The project also couples wind turbine, wind plant, solar plant, and electrolyzer models to predict hydrogen production from variable, renewable power sources.

electrolyzer↗
DOE OSTI2024

Optimal Wind Turbine Design for H2 Production

This presentation covers the annual progress of the H2@Scale project "Optimal Wind Turbine Design for H2 Production". This project investigates the outcomes of designing a wind turbine for hydrogen focused objectives as opposed to the traditional minimization of cost or maximization of energy production. Preliminary results show that significant reductions in the levelized cost of hydrogen can be achieved using hydrogen-specific turbines.

energy production↗
DOE OSTI2023

Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Production Coupled to Nuclear Power Plants

Presentation slides curated from previous public INL reports & other open references: - Slide 1 from INL homepage www.inl.gov - Slide 2 from MIT report and NEI report (both are publicly available) - Slide 3 from LWRS portal www.lwrs.inl.gov - Slide 4 from H2@Scale portal https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/h2scale - Slide 6-8 from INL reports: INL/EXT-20-60104, INL/EXT-20-60104 Rev 1, INL/RPT-23-74319 - Slide 9 from an open journal paper - Slide 10-30 from INL open reports INL/RPT-23-74319 and INL/RPT-22-68155

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design and permitting considerations of a floating hydrogen production and dispensing Barge for the Port of San Francisco

This paper reports on the design of a Floating Hydrogen Production and Dispensing Barge destined for the Port of San Francisco (SF). The H 2 Barge is designed to produce renewable H 2 at the rate of ∼530 kg/day, storing 512 kg of hydrogen at 517-bar, allowing fast refueling of hydrogen fuel cell vessels and land-side hydrogen delivery trailers for distribution into the nascent SF hydrogen ecosystem. The broader considerations that impacted H 2 Barge design are also described. An account is given of a new review process formulated by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) to review this first-of-its-kind maritime implementation of hydrogen technology. Furthermore, the immediate goals of the H 2 Barge Project are to 1) demonstrate the feasibility, viability and methods of hydrogen production, storage and fueling in a maritime context, 2) help shape (where needed) and navigate the required local, state and federal regulatory gauntlet and 3) catalyze a “green hydrogen ecosystem” (both marine and landside) with locally produced renewable hydrogen at the San Francisco waterfront.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2023

Grid ancillary services using electrolyzer-Based power-to-Gas systems with increasing renewable penetration

Increasing penetrations of renewable-based generation have led to a decrease in the bulk power system inertia and an increase in intermittency and uncertainty in generation. Energy storage is considered to be an important factor to help manage renewable energy generation at greater penetrations. Hydrogen is a viable long-term storage alternative. This paper analyzes and presents use cases for leveraging electrolyzer-based power-to-gas systems for electric grid support. The paper also discusses some grid services that may favor the use of hydrogen-based storage over other forms such as battery energy storage. Real-time controls are developed, implemented and demonstrated using a power-hardware-in-the-loop(PHIL) setup with a 225-kW proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer stack. These controls demonstrate frequency and voltage support for the grid for different levels of renewable penetration (0%, 25%, and 50%). A comparison of the results shows the changes in respective frequencies and voltages as seen as different buses as a result of support from the electrolyzers and notes the impact on hydrogen production as a result of grid support. Finally, the paper discusses the practical nuances of implementing the tests with physical hardware, such as inverter/electrolyzer efficiency, as well as the related constraints and opportunities.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electrolyzers in the System Advisor Model (SAM): A Techno-Economic Potential Study

A technoeconomic analysis of grid to low temperature electrolysis (Grid-LTE), photovoltaic to low temperature electrolysis (PV-LTE), concentrating solar power to high temperature electrolysis (CSP-HTSE) and a concentrating solar power with PV to high temperature electrolysis (CSP-PV-HTSE) centralized hydrogen production systems are analyzed to assess the economics of system and to provide a baseline for comparing these technologies against hydrogen production cost targets. A framework integrating the system advisor model (SAM) and US Department of Energy hydrogen production models (H2A) is developed to assess these systems. The hydrogen levelized cost given current and future assumptions for technology cost and performance is evaluated at optimal system configurations. The framework described in this report integrates SAM with H2A electrolyzer technologies and provides analysts a detailed technoeconomic method to analyze concentrating and photovoltaic solar technologies to produce energy that are directly coupled to LTE and HTSEs that use that energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The baseline hydrogen levelized cost (HLCs) for the GRID-LTE, PV-LTE, CSP-HTSE, and CSP-PV-HTSE systems in Daggett, CA are 2.82, 3.86, 3.68, and 2.90 $\$$USD 2016/kg H2 and 2.50, 2.13, 2.84, 2.15 $\$$USD 2016/kg H2 in the 2020 and 2050 scenarios respectively. To achieve the $\$$2/kg H2 target in locations with excellent solar resources, cost parameters values aligned with aggressive R&D targets will need to be achieved for all the systems configurations. In Daggett, PV costs of $\$$0.68 /Wac or moderate ATB PV CAPEX projections result in HLCs of $\$$2 /kg H2. Similarly for PV-MSALT-HTSE systems, $\$$0.60 /Wac result in $\$$2/kg H2. For the MSALT-HTSE systems, better than aggressive 2050 ATB salt tower CAPEX projections would be needed to reach $\$$2/kg H2. Molten salt tower capital costs of $\$$2400/kW would enable $\$$2/kg H2 in 2050.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

High Efficacy Validation of Hydride Mega Tanks at the ARIES Lab (HEVHY METAL)

The High Efficacy Validation of Hydride Mega Tanks at ARIES Lab (HEVHY METAL) project will advance materials-based hydrogen storage technologies by large-scale demonstration and identification of deployment pathways. This includes demonstrating how two metal hydride HY2MEGA subsystems are installed with megawatt-scale green hydrogen infrastructure; validating its performance via rates, capacities, and efficiencies; and investigating supply and demand side techno-economics.

ARIES↗
DOE OSTI2024

U.S. Hydrogen Strategy and NREL Capabilities [Slides]

Presentation for Renewable Energy Hamburg: Forum Internationales "Facilitating Transatlantic Renewable Energy Cooperation U.S.-Hamburg" on current US hydrogen outlook and NREL's role in facilitating deployment of hydrogen technologies.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Membrane Electrode Assembly Manufacturing Automation Technology for the Electrochemical Compression of Hydrogen: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

Electrochemical compression has the possibility to outcompete mechanical compression for hydrogen end- use applications. While HyET has a compressor that can output JO kilograms (kg)/day (fully scalable from home-to-industrial application) at up to 700 bar, the energy demand and reliability require top-quality electrochemical hydrogen compression (EHC) membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), preferably prepared by cost-effective high-capacity manufacturing. High pressure requires a special MEA design, deviating from typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) MEAs with adapted catalyst layer substrates, asking for a modified coating process. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) will help HyET by developing an automated catalyst coating process fit for EHC MEA manufacturing. In addition, inline quality inspection methods will be developed/selected to improve the MBA quality as it is used for EHC stack assembly. In a joint effort, NREL and HyET will even design an automated manufacturing process for the EHC MEA and approach potential United States (US) suppliers of manufacturing equipment.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2023

High Efficacy Validation of Hydride Mega Tanks at ARIES Lab (HEVHY METAL)

The High Efficacy Validation of Hydride Mega Tanks at ARIES Lab (HEVHY METAL) project will advance materials-based hydrogen storage technologies by large-scale demonstration and identification of deployment pathways. This includes demonstrating how two metal hydride HY2MEGA subsystems are installed with megawatt-scale green hydrogen infrastructure; validating its performance via rates, capacities, and efficiencies; and investigating supply and demand side techno-economics.

ARIES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Hydrogen Systems for PERformance-Based Value Stacking

The proposed technology (HYPER-V: HYdrogen Systems for PERformance based Value-stacking) represents a co-optimized control framework to dispatch hydrogen systems for serving complex commercial energy demands. HYPER-V aims at integrating hydrogen systems for a variety of use-cases in all energy markets including (but not limited to) grid services, transportation, and fuels. This presentation is the end-of-the-project merit review describing the outcomes.

grid services↗