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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1958

Theoretical Combustion Performance of Several High-Energy Fuels for Ramjet Engines

An analytical evaluation of the air and fuel specific-impulse characteristics of magnesium, magnesium octene-1 slurries, aluminum, aluminum octene-1 slurries, boron, boron octene-1 slurries, carbon, hydrogen, alpha-methylnaphthalene, diborane, pentaborane, and octene-1 is presented. While chemical equilibrium was assumed in the combustion process, the expansion was assumed to occur at fixed composition.

Tower, Leonard K↗
NASA NTRS1962

Protection Against Radiation Hazards in Space, Book I Proceedings of the Symposium at Gatlinburg, Tenn., Nov. 5-7, 1962

BOOK 1: Radiation Environment in Space Effects of Space Radiation on Radiosensitive Objects Biological Effects of Space Radiation BOOK 2 : Shielding Against Space Radiations The realization in recent years that outer space is traversed by high-energy radiations has caused man to reevaluate the feasibility of manned or even instrumented exploration outside our atmosphere. Fortunately, it is possible to determine the nature and intensities of these radiations and to produce similar radiations on earth by means of accelerators. Thus we can learn how to attenuate them and to design capsules which afford protection against them. Of course this protection carries a weight penalty so that there is a premium on optimizing the shield design. Many groups in the United States are engaged in research to this end, and it was the purpose of this symposium to bring these groups together so that they could exchange information. To make the meeting more comprehensive, sessions on the nature of the radiations and their effects on people and things were included. However, the major part of the meeting was devoted to discussions on shielding research, comprising theoretical calculations and experiments carried out mainly with high-energy accelerators. The symposium committee feels that the aims of the symposium were met and that progress in space research program was greatly accelerated thereby.

RADIATION SHIELDING↗
NASA NTRS1962

Proceedings of the Symposium on the Protection Against Radiation Hazards in Space

Shielding Against Space Radiations The realization in recent years that outer space is traversed by high-energy radiations has caused man to reevaluate the feasibility of manned or even instrumented exploration outside our atmosphere. Fortunately, it is possible to determine the nature and intensities of these radiations and to produce similar radiations on earth by means of accelerators. Thus we can learn how to attenuate them and to design capsules which afford protection against them. Of course this protection carries a weight penalty so that there is a premium on optimizing the shield design. Many groups in the United States are engaged in research to this end, and it was the purpose of this symposium to bring these groups together so that they could exchange information. To make the meeting more comprehensive, sessions on the nature of the radiations and their effects on people and things were included. However, the major part of the meeting was devoted to discussions on shielding research, comprising theoretical calculations and experiments carried out mainly with high-energy accelerators. The symposium committee feels that the aims of the symposium were met and that progress in space research program was greatly accelerated thereby.

SECONDARY EMISSION↗
NASA NTRS1962

Proceedings of the Symposium on the Protection Against Radiation Hazards in Space Book 1: Radiation Environment in Space. Effects of Space Radiation on Radio Sensitive Objects. Biological Effects of Space Radiation

The realization in recent years that outer space is traversed by high-energy radiations has caused man to reevaluate the feasibility of manned or even instrumented exploration outside our atmosphere. Fortunately, it is possible to determine the nature and intensities of these radiations and to produce similar radiations on earth by means of accelerators. Thus we can learn how to attenuate them and to design capsules which afford protection against them. Of course this protection carries a weight penalty so that there is a premium on optimizing the shield design. Many groups in the United states are engaged in research to this end,and it was the purpose of this symposium to bring these groups together so that they could exchange information. To make the meeting more comprehensive, sessions on the nature of the radiations and their effects on people and things were included. However, the major part of the meeting was devoted to discussions on shielding research, comprising theoretical calculations and experiments carried out mainly with high-energy accelerators. The symposium committee feels that the aims of the symposium were met and that progress in space research program was greatly accelerated thereby.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1961

Systems Engineering of a Nuclear-Electric Spacecraft

Studies have shown that nuclear-electric propulsion systems will provide superior payload capability and unique advantages over chemical systems for high-energy deep-space missions. Conceptual design studies of unmanned spacecraft employing nuclear-electric propulsion systems have been undertaken to determine some of the major integration problems. Early recognition of these problems will help to stimulate the development effort that will be required to bring these systems into fruitful utilization. Typical designs under consideration for interplanetary missions for the next decade employ a nuclear reactor providing thermal energy to a turbogeneration system which, in turn, supplies electrical power to an ion engine for primary propulsion and additional utility power for guidance and control, powered-flight radio transmission, instrumentation, et cetera. The major systems and components which form a complete spacecraft are listed in this Report, and a review of the significant physical and operational characteristics of these various systems and components which affect spacecraft integration is made. Conceptual.configurations and detailed weight studies for a 60-kilowatts-electric Venus-capture spacecraft and a 1-megawattelectric Jupiter-capture spacecraft are shown to illustrate typical physical arrangements based on the various hardware constraints. From these configurations, the major development goals are ascertained and summarized.

SPACECRAFT↗
NASA NTRS1962

THE COMBINATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SHIELDING

I is conceivable that improved shielding of space vehicles against high-energy charged-particle radiation can be obtained by combining active and passive shielding. Methods of shielding calculations and some preliminary observations pertaining to active-passive shielding are given. An analysis based upon the field of a magnetic dipole indicates that weight savings in bulk shielding can be accomplished.

SPACECRAFT SHIELDING↗
NASA NTRS1975

Flux of high-LET cosmic-ray particles in manned space flight

On the Apollo and Skylab missions the high-energy heavy ion (HZE) flux was measured by means of plastic nuclear track detectors. Measurements involved the fluxes of high linear energy transfer (LET), particles with Z between 6 and 26 incident on astronauts and on several biological experiments. Partial results of these measurements are presented; the effects of shielding and solar modulation are discussed.-

Benton, E. V.↗
NASA NTRS1961

A Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a 4-Foot-Diameter Ducted Fan Mounted on the Tip of a Semispan Wing

Power, wing angle of attack, and the angle of the duct relative to the wing were varied to achieve a specified lift and thrust for a forward velocity range from 0 to 140 knots. In this manner a so-called transition program of steady-state conditions was defined over the velocity range. It was found-that large pitch-up moments resulted when the ducted fan was operated at an angle of attack to the air stream. A deflected vane installed in the high-energy air at the duct exit was helpful in reducing these pitch-up moments. Large downwash angles were induced by the ducted fan at a selected horizontal-tail location. The possibility of using guide vanes in the duct inlet to vary thrust for the purpose of roll control at low forward speeds was examined.The maximum incremental thrust available at zero forward velocity was found to be 11% of the total thrust required at that speed.

Yaggy, Paul F.↗
NASA NTRS1955

Chemical and Physical Properties of Hi-Cal-2

As part of the Navy Project Zip to consider various boron-containing materials as possible high-energy fuels, the chemical and physical properties of Hi-Cal-2 prepared by the Callery Chemical Company were evaluated at the NACA Lewis laboratory. Elemental chemical analysis, heat of combustion, vapor pressure and decomposition, freezing point, density, self ignition temperature, flash point, and blow-out velocity were determined for the fuel. Although the precision of measurement of these properties was not equal to that obtained for hydrocarbons, this special release research memorandum was prepared to make the data available as soon as possible.

Spakowski, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1960

Slow-Neutron Scattering by Rotators. II

The methods developed in a previous paper for extending the neutron scattering formalism of Zemach and Glauber to any type of molecular rotator have been employed to derive generalized forms generalized forms of the differential cross sections for rotator scattering. A mass-ratio expansion for the treatment of the high-energy limit is illustrated on the classical cross section and then employed in the treatment of the more general quantum-mechanical expression for the differential cross section. The results apply to an arbitrarily asymmetric rotator. The very low energy approximation is carried out for the symmetric rotator, and the procedure is compared with the explicit summing of the partial cross sections for individual rotational transitions. The inelastic correction to the static approximation for interference scattering is calculated to an accuracy of first order in the mass ratios for the case of the symmetric rotator.

Volkin, Howard C.↗
NASA NTRS1958

Hypersonic Flight and the Re-Entry Problem: The Twenty-First Wright Brothers Lecture

Up to this point the discussion of the problems of rocket vehicles has been confined to the effects of phenomena which have in the past been important ones for lower speed aircraft and will continue to be important for aircraft of all speeds. Now with considerable extension of both speed and altitude, other phenomena also become important. The nature of some problems will be altered, as a result, and new problems, of course, will be encountered. First, it is well to note that our interest in bluff bodies for ballistic vehicles in particular, and in rounded-nosed bodies generally, has changed our emphasis in aerodynamics. The detached bow waves which occur with such bodies at high supersonic speeds complicate the calculations of the flow-field characteristics. In the present period, much attention is being given to such studies. In addition, at the very high altitudes attained by most of the rocket-craft, the mean free path of air molecules can be of the same order, or long, compared to the dimensions of the vehicles. Thus, slip-flow and free-molecule-flow studies are of interest, particularly for satellite vehicles." The aerodynatnicist must deal with air having unfamiliar states and properties. Second, at hypersonic speeds where, for example, air is greatly decelerated, it may undergo considerable change in composition, the degree of change depending upon many factors. Dissociation of oxygen and nitrogen molecules can occur and, in addition, thermal ionization of many of the constituents. It is naturally to be expected that the convective heat transfer will, as a result, be altered from what it was for the "perfect" gas, and this has been the subject of much recent research effort. Moreover, the decelerated gas becomes capable of radiating energy and the radiative heat transfer must generally be considered for hypersonic vehicles, particularly for long-range ballistic rockets. It is not only the aerodynamic heating problems that are affected. The fact that at very high air temperature the gas becomes electrically conductive introduces new problems in radio wave transmission and reception. In addition, a conducting gas flow can, of course, be influenced by a magnetic field. The study of such flows, which has been termed "magneto gas dynamics," is still in too primitive a state to indicate how important a role it can play, but many interesting possibilities suggest themselves. Third, our experience with airplanes powered by air-breathing engines has naturally been restricted to the stratosphere, or lower. Our ignorance increases with altitude. For rockets, literally, "the sky's the limit," and it is not surprising that a great emphasis has now been placed on obtaining a more thorough understanding of the whole atmosphere. These studies are not aimed at an understanding of the chemical and physical characteristics alone, but also of the occurrence of high-energy particles, from meteors to cosmic rays, and the nature of the problems they will promote.

Wright Brother↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Solvent-Free Preparation of High Energy, Binder-Free Electrodes Enabled by Dry Compressible Holey Graphene

Graphene is an atomically thick sheet consisting of a graphitic carbon network with excellent mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical stability. Holey graphene, a structural derivative of graphene, has an array of through-the-thickness holes across the lateral surface of the nanosheet. The presence of these holes has minimal detrimental effect on the graphene properties and leads to enhanced performance in applications such as electronics, sensors, and energy storage. For example, these holes allow more facile cross-plane ion and gas transport than intact graphene, making holey graphene an ideal electrode material for electrochemical energy storage. This presentation will focus on the ability of holey graphene to be compression molded into robust articles or architectures under solvent-free conditions without the need for potentially parasitic binders. The unique dry compressibility of holey graphene has enabled facile fabrication of high mass loading electrodes with both high density and high porosity, which have found use in supercapacitors and various high-energy battery systems such as lithium-oxygen, lithium-sulfur, and lithium-selenium batteries.

Yi Lin↗