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Location Identifiers, Metadata, and Map for Field Measurements at the East-Taylor Watershed Community Observatory, Colorado, USA (Version 3.3)

This dataset contains identifiers, metadata, and a map of the locations where field measurements have been conducted at the East-Taylor Watershed Community Observatory located in the Upper Colorado River Basin, United States. This is version 3.3 of the dataset and replaces the prior version 3.2 (see below for details on changes between the versions). Dataset description: The East River-Taylor Watershed is the primary field site of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (WFSFA) and the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. Researchers from several institutions generate highly diverse hydrological, biogeochemical, climate, vegetation, geological, remote sensing, and model data at the East-Taylor Watershed in collaboration with the WFSFA. Thus, the purpose of this dataset is to maintain an inventory of the field locations and instrumentation to provide information on the field activities in the East-Taylor Watershed and coordinate data collected across different locations, researchers, and institutions. The dataset contains (1) a README file with information on the various files, (2) three csv files describing the metadata collected for each surface point location, plot and region registered with the WFSFA, (3) csv files with metadata and contact information for each surface point location registered with the WFSFA, (4) a csv file with with metadata and contact information for plots, (5) a csv file with metadata for geographic regions and sub-regions within the watershed, (6) a compiled xlsx file with all the data and metadata which can be opened in Microsoft Excel, (7) a kml map of the locations plotted in the watershed which can be opened in Google Earth, (8) a jpg image of the kml map which can be viewed in any photo viewer, and (9) a zipped file with the registration templates used by the SFA team to collect location metadata. The zipped template file contains two csv files with the blank templates (point and plot), two csv files with instructions for filling out the location templates, and one compiled xlsx file with the instructions and blank templates together. Additionally, the templates in the xlsx include drop down validation for any controlled metadata fields. Persistent location identifiers (Location_ID) are determined by the WFSFA data management team and are used to track data and samples across locations. Dataset uses: This location metadata is used to update the Watershed SFA’s publicly accessible Field Information Portal (an interactive field sampling metadata exploration tool; https://wfsfa-data.lbl.gov/watershed/), the kml map file included in this dataset, and other data management tools internal to the Watershed SFA team. Version Information: The latest version of this dataset publication is version 3.3. This version contains 167 new point locations, 1 new plot, and 2 new geographic regions. Overall, there are a total of 1439 point locations, 75 plots, and 54 geographic regions. Additionally, the kml map of locations and image now includes two boundaries (Upper Ohio Creek (UO) and Carbon Creek (CA)) outside of the East River watershed (USGS HUC-10) and accompanying stream network that represents areas of focus. Refer to methods for further details on the version history. This dataset will be updated on a periodic basis with new measurement location information. Researchers interested in having their East-Taylor Watershed measurement locations added to this list should reach out to the WFSFA data management team at wfsfa-data@googlegroups.com. Acknowledgments: Please cite this dataset if using any of the location metadata in other publications or derived products. If using the location metadata for the 2018 NEON hyperspectral campaign, additionally cite Chadwick et al. (2020). doi:10.15485/1618130. This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Part of this work was performed at SLAC Accelerator Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.

2018 NEON and 2025 CHESS Campaigns↗

Tranquillity Base map.

A comparison of the qualities of photographs taken by astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin from Tranquillity Base and of photographs taken from the Lunar Module window, in terms of valuable information. The latter, found to be more reliable than the former, are used as the primary source in compiling the Tranquillity Base Surface and Experiment Locations Map. The former are rated as excellent for identification purposes and are used in locating supplemental details. However, the geometry obtained on most of these latter frames is believed to be less reliable because of large changes in vertical angles.

Arant, W. H.↗

Picturing Data With Uncertainty

NASA is in the business of creating maps for scientific purposes to represent important biophysical or geophysical quantities over space and time. For example, maps of surface temperature over the globe tell scientists where and when the Earth is heating up; regional maps of the greenness of vegetation tell scientists where and when plants are photosynthesizing. There is always uncertainty associated with each value in any such map due to various factors. When uncertainty is fully modeled, instead of a single value at each map location, there is a distribution expressing a set of possible outcomes at each location. We consider such distribution data as multi-valued data since it consists of a collection of values about a single variable. Thus, a multi-valued data represents both the map and its uncertainty. We have been working on ways to visualize spatial multi-valued data sets effectively for fields with regularly spaced units or grid cells such as those in NASA's Earth science applications. A new way to display distributions at multiple grid locations is to project the distributions from an individual row, column or other user-selectable straight transect from the 2D domain. First at each grid cell in a given slice (row, column or transect), we compute a smooth density estimate from the underlying data. Such a density estimate for the probability density function (PDF) is generally more useful than a histogram, which is a classic density estimate. Then, the collection of PDFs along a given slice are presented vertically above the slice and form a wall. To minimize occlusion of intersecting slices, the corresponding walls are positioned at the far edges of the boundary. The PDF wall depicts the shapes of the distributions very dearly since peaks represent the modes (or bumps) in the PDFs. We've defined roughness as the number of peaks in the distribution. Roughness is another useful summary information for multimodal distributions. The uncertainty of the multi-valued data can also be interpreted by the number of peaks and the widths of the peaks as shown by the PDF walls.

Kao, David↗

Substance geology of the western desert in Egypt and Sudan revealed by Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A)

A correlation of known archaeologic sites with the mapped locations of the streamcourses is expected and may lead to new interpretations of early human history in the Sahara. The valley networks, faults, and other subjacent bedrock features mapped on the SIR-A images are promising areas for ground water and mineral exploration. Additionally, the analogies between the interplay of wind and running water in the geologic history of the Sahara and of Mars are strengthened by the SIR-A discoveries of relict drainage systems beneath the eolian veneer of Egypt and Sudan.

Breed, C. S.↗

Characterization of Hot Workability of 5052 Aluminum Alloy Based on Activation Energy-Processing Map

In the design of hot forming processes for aluminum alloys, hot processing maps are usually used as a powerful tool for processing parameters optimizations. Although the stability of deformation is considered in conventional hot processing (CHP) maps, the difficulty of deformation, i.e., whether deformation is easy to occur, is not taken into account. Therefore, it is difficult for CHP maps to efficiently and accurately obtain the optimal processing parameters and achieve satisfying hot workability. Hence, in this study, thermal compression tests were performed to investigate the hot forming behavior of 5052 aluminum alloy in the deformation temperature range of 553-733 K and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s{sup −1}. We proposed an activation energy-processing (AEP) map by coupling the CHP map and the activation energy value, and thereby applied it to evaluate the hot workability of 5052 aluminum alloy. In CHP maps, the region with the highest power dissipation efficiency is generally considered to be the best processing region. However, the AEP map shows that materials with satisfying hot workability not only depends on high power dissipation efficiency, but also on low activation energy values. At the strain of 0.7, the optimal hot processing region predicted by the CHP map lies in the temperature range of 583-673 K and strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s{sup −1}, but that predicted by AEP map locates in the temperature range of 643-733 K and strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s{sup −1}. Microstructure characterization implies that the optimal processing region predicted by the CHP map presents necklace-like structures, which are non-uniform and unbeneficial for deformation, while that predicted by the AEP map consists of fine, uniform and equiaxed grains. Thus, it is implied that the processing regions predicted by the AEP map are more suitable for forming, i.e., the reasonability of the AEP map is verified.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Motion of Major Ice Shelf Fronts in Antarctica from Slant Range Analysis of Radar Altimeter Data, 1978 - 1998

Slant range analysis of radar altimeter data from the Seasat, Geosat, ERS-1 and ERS-2 databases are used to determine barrier location at particular times, and estimate barrier motion (km/yr) for major Antarctic ice shelves. The barrier locations, which are the seaward edges or fronts of floating ice shelves, advance with time as the ice flows from the grounded ice sheets and retreat whenever icebergs calve from the fronts. The analysis covers various multiyear intervals from 1978 to 1998, supplemented by barrier location maps produced elsewhere for 1977 and 1986. Barrier motion is estimated as the ratio between mean annual ice shelf area change for a particular interval, and the length of the discharge periphery. This value is positive if the barrier location progresses seaward, or negative if the barrier location regresses (break-back). Either positive or negative values are lower limit estimates because the method does not detect relatively small area changes due to calving or surge events. The findings are discussed in the context of the three ice shelves that lie in large embayments (the Filchner-Ronne, Amery, and Ross), and marginal ice shelves characterized by relatively short distances between main segments of grounding line and barrier (those in the Queen Maud Land sector between 10.1 deg. W and 32.5 deg. E, and the West and Shackleton ice shelves). All the ice shelves included in the study account for approximately three-fourths of the total ice shelf area of Antarctica, and discharge approximately two-thirds of the total grounded ice area.

Zwally, H. J.↗

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2021

The purposes of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2021 are to record Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL’s) compliance with environmental standards and requirements, describe LLNL’s environmental protection and remediation programs, and present the results of environmental monitoring at the two LLNL sites—the Livermore Site and Site 300. The report is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL’s Environmental Functional Area. Submittal of the report satisfies requirements under DOE Order 231.1B, “Environment, Safety and Health Reporting,” and DOE Order 458.1, “Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment.” The report is distributed electronically and is available at https://saer.llnl.gov/, the website for the LLNL annual environmental report. Previous LLNL annual environmental reports beginning with 1994 are also on the website. Some references in the electronic report text are underlined, which indicates that they are clickable links. Clicking on one of these links will open the related document, data workbook, or website. Sampling location maps throughout this report were created using ArcGIS® software by Esri. The report begins with an executive summary, which provides the purpose of the report and an overview of LLNL’s compliance and monitoring results. The first three chapters provide background information: Chapter 1 is an overview of the location, meteorology, and hydrogeology of the two LLNL sites; Chapter 2 is a summary of LLNL’s compliance with environmental regulations; and Chapter 3 is a description of LLNL’s environmental programs with an emphasis on the Environmental Management System including pollution prevention. The majority of the report covers LLNL’s environmental monitoring programs and monitoring data for 2021: effluent and ambient air monitoring and dose assessment (Chapter 4); waters, including wastewater, storm water runoff, surface water, rain, and groundwater (Chapter 5); and terrestrial, including soil, sediment, vegetation, foodstuff, ambient radiation, and special status wildlife and plants (Chapter 6). The remaining two chapters discuss LLNL’s groundwater remediation program (Chapter 7), and quality assurance for the environmental monitoring programs (Chapter 8). Complete monitoring data, which are summarized in the body of the report, are provided in Appendix A. The report uses Système International units, consistent with the federal Metric Conversion Act of 1975 and Executive Order 12770, “Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs” (1991). For ease of comparison to environmental reports issued prior to 1991, dose values and many radiological measurements are given in both metric and U.S. customary units. A conversion table is provided in the glossary. The report is the responsibility of LLNL’s Environmental Functional Area. Monitoring data were obtained through the combined efforts of the Environmental Functional Area; Environmental Restoration Department; Physical and Life Sciences Environmental Monitoring Radiological Laboratory; and the Radiation Protection Functional Area.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Soil Temperature and Moisture, Teller Road Mile Marker 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2023

Daily averages of soil temperature and moisture measured once every hour at different heights located at Intensive Monitoring Stations at Teller Road Mile Marker 27 site. Data are retrieved annually from 2016-2023. This is the final update to this dataset: no changes to previous data files with the addition of 2022-2023 data files. Data files have header rows, NaN fields indicate invalid or missing data, and negative vertical offsets are above ground. UPDATED 2025-07: Seven new data files collected in 2022-2023 were added and no previously archived data were changed. This represents the final collection of data and text in the title was changed to reflect the defined timespan. Other files that were added: file-level metadata, a data dictionary, a site location map, and a data file inventory by year. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS) Overview

xGDS supports rapid scientific decision making by synchronizing the time and mapped location of observation notes, instrument data, photos, video, samples and other data. xGDS is a suite of web tools, developed at NASA Ames Research Center to support remote science operations in analog missions and prototype new ideas for planetary exploration. During operations, xGDS displays science data in real-time with geographic context, supporting key decisions (e.g. sample site selection). Post-operations, xGDS enables efficient analysis of data by correlating data products in time and on the map. xGDS has been developed in close collaboration with science teams since 2009, and used enthusiastically by upwards of 100 scientists to support scientific field research and data analysis.

Ground Data System↗

Highlighting Recent Uses of the NASA Worldview Mapping Application

NASA’s Worldview (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/) web mapping application from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) provides a low friction solution for users of different scientific backgrounds to access satellite imagery and data products. Worldview uses imagery from the Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), which has an increasing catalog of 800+ products serving global, full-resolution satellite imagery from NASA’s Earth observing fleet. NASA promotes the open sharing of all data with researchers, private industry, academia, and the general public. Worldview encourages this open data policy. Numerous general news publications feature Worldview for its unique imagery. Worldview also helps scholarly research in identifying field research locations, mapping thermal hotspots of active burning fires, and visualizing theoretical models of weather storm systems amongst other uses. This presentation shares some recent uses of Worldview which highlight its capabilities.

Plato, Edward A.↗

Highlighting Recent Uses of the NASA Worldview Mapping Application

NASA’s Worldview (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/) web mapping application from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) provides a low friction solution for users of different scientific backgrounds to access satellite imagery and data products. Worldview uses imagery from the Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), which has an increasing catalog of 800+ products serving global, full-resolution satellite imagery from NASA’s Earth observing fleet. NASA promotes the open sharing of all data with researchers, private industry, academia, and the general public. Worldview encourages this open data policy. Numerous general news publications feature Worldview for its unique imagery. Worldview also helps scholarly research in identifying field research locations, mapping thermal hotspots of active burning fires, and visualizing theoretical models of weather storm systems amongst other uses. This presentation shares some recent uses of Worldview which highlight its capabilities.

Plato, Edward A.↗

Explainable AI classification for parton density theory

Quantitatively connecting properties of parton distribution functions (PDFs, or parton densities) to the theoretical assumptions made within the QCD analyses which produce them has been a longstanding problem in HEP phenomenology. To confront this challenge, we introduce an ML-based explainability framework, XAI4PDF, to classify PDFs by parton flavor or underlying theoretical model using ResNet-like neural networks (NNs). By leveraging the differentiable nature of ResNet models, this approach deploys guided backpropagation to dissect relevant features of fitted PDFs, identifying x-dependent signatures of PDFs important to the ML model classifications. By applying our framework, we are able to sort PDFs according to the analysis which produced them while constructing quantitative, human-readable maps locating the x regions most affected by the internal theory assumptions going into each analysis. This technique expands the toolkit available to PDF analysis and adjacent particle phenomenology while pointing to promising generalizations.

Artificial Intelligence↗

Characterisation of motor cortex organisation in patients with different presentations of persistent low back pain

Abstract Persistence of low back pain is thought to be associated with different underlying pain mechanisms, including ongoing nociceptive input and central sensitisation. We hypothesised that primary motor cortex (M1) representations of back muscles (a measure of motor system adaptation) would differ between pain mechanisms, with more consistent observations in individuals presumed to have an ongoing contribution of nociceptive input consistently related to movement/posture. We tested 28 participants with low back pain sub‐grouped by the presumed underlying pain mechanisms: nociceptive pain, nociplastic pain and a mixed group with features consistent with both. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to study M1 organisation of back muscles. M1 maps of multifidus (deep and superficial) and longissimus erector spinae were recorded with fine‐wire electromyography and thoracic erector spinae with surface electromyography. The nociplastic pain group had greater variability in M1 map location (centre of gravity) than other groups ( p < .01), which may suggest less consistency, and perhaps relevance, of motor cortex adaptation for that group. The mixed group had greater overlap of M1 representations between deep/superficial muscles than nociceptive pain (deep multifidus/longissimus: p = .001, deep multifidus/thoracic erector spinae: p = .008) and nociplastic pain (deep multifidus/longissimus: p = .02, deep multifidus/thoracic erector spinae: p = .02) groups. This study provides preliminary evidence of differences in M1 organisation in subgroups of low back pain classified by likely underlying pain mechanisms. Despite the sample size, differences in cortical re‐organisation between subgroups were detected. Differences in M1 organisation in subgroups of low back pain supports tailoring of treatment based on pain mechanism and motor adaptation.

Elgueta‐Cancino, Edith↗

Dynamics of threading dislocations in porous heteroepitaxial GaN films

Behavior of threading dislocations in porous heteroepitaxial gallium nitride (GaN) films has been studied using computer simulation by the two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics approach. A computational scheme, where pores are modeled as cross sections of cylindrical cavities, elastically interacting with unidirectional parallel edge dislocations, which imitate threading dislocations, is used. Time dependences of coordinates and velocities of each dislocation from dislocation ensembles under investigation are obtained. Visualization of current structure of dislocation ensemble is performed in the form of a location map of dislocations at any time. It has been shown that the density of appearing dislocation structures significantly depends on the ratio of area of a pore cross section to area of the simulation region. In particular, increasing the portion of pores surface on the layer surface up to 2% should lead to about a 1.5-times decrease of the final density of threading dislocations, and increase of this portion up to 15% should lead to approximately a 4.5-times decrease of it.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

2017 Idaho National Laboratory Water Use Report and Comprehensive Well Inventory (Revision 26)

This 2017 Idaho National Laboratory Water Use Report and Comprehensive Well Inventory (Revision 26) provides water use information for production and potable water wells at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site for Calendar Year 2017. It also provides detailed information for new, modified, and decommissioned wells. Fourteen new wells were drilled and completed in Calendar Year 2017. No wells on the INL Site were decommissioned in Calendar Year 2017. However, an offsite area near Box Canyon that contained instrumented boreholes used for research was decommissioned. Detailed construction and decommissioning information and location maps for the wells are provided. This report is being submitted in accordance with the Water Rights Agreement between the State of Idaho and the United States, for the United States Department of Energy (dated 1990), the subsequent Partial Decree for Water Right 34-10901 issued June 20, 2003, and the Final Unified Decree issued August 26, 2014.

2017 Idaho National Laboratory Water Use Report an↗

2016 Idaho National Laboratory Water Use Report and Comprehensive Well Inventory (Revision 25)

This 2016 Idaho National Laboratory Water Use Report and Comprehensive Well Inventory (Revision 25) provides water use information for production and potable water wells at the Idaho National Laboratory Site for Calendar Year 2016. It also provides detailed information for new, modified, and decommissioned wells. Four new wells were drilled and completed in Calendar Year 2016. Five storm water injection wells were decommissioned in Calendar Year 2016. Detailed construction and decommissioning information and location maps for the wells are provided. This report is being submitted in accordance with the Water Rights Agreement between the State of Idaho and the United States, for the United States Department of Energy (dated 1990), the subsequent Partial Decree for Water Right 34-10901 issued June 20, 2003, and the Final Unified Decree issued August 26, 2014.

2016 Water Use Report and Comprehensive Well Inven↗

A decametric wavelength radio telescope for interplanetary scintillation observations

A phased array, electrically steerable radio telescope (with a total collecting area of 18 acres), constructed for the purpose of remotely sensing electron density irregularity structure in the solar wind, is presented. The radio telescope is able to locate, map, and track large scale features of the solar wind, such as streams and blast waves, by monitoring a large grid of natural radio sources subject to rapid intensity fluctuation (interplanetary scintillation) caused by the irregularity structure. Observations verify the performance of the array, the receiver, and the scintillation signal processing circuitry of the telescope.

Cronyn, W. M.↗