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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1975

Use of STS subsystems and components for MMSE, volume 1

Multiuse mission support equipment (MMSE) is flight/ground equipment for the shuttle era which is used in conjunction with more than one mission payload. Initial verification of STS subsystem's applicability to MMSE is provided along with the cost savings potential and programmatic data needed for further program planning decisions. Some 70 MMSE requirements were found to be potentially satisfied by STS equipment, and and 6 items of particular interest were chosen for special emphasis. All were found to be feasible and beneficial. Program cost savings through their use are estimated to be substantial. Further study is recommended to identify additional MMSE requirements and hardware.

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NASA NTRS1976

Spacelab operations planning

The paper reviews NASA planning in the fields of ground, launch and flight operations and experiment integration to effectively operate Spacelab. Payload mission planning is discussed taking consideration of orbital analysis and the mission of a multiuser payload which may be either single or multidiscipline. Payload analytical integration - as active process of analyses to ensure that the experiment payload is compatible to the mission objectives and profile ground and flight operations and that the resource demands upon Spacelab can be satisfied - is considered. Software integration is touched upon and the major integration levels in ground operational processing of Spacelab and its experimental payloads are examined. Flight operations, encompassing the operation of the Space Transportation System and the payload, are discussed as are the initial Spacelab missions. Charts and diagrams are presented illustrating the various planning areas.

Lee, T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Payload specialist station study: Volume 2, part 3: Program analysis and planning for phase C/D

The controls and displays (C&D) required at the Orbiter aft-flight deck (AFD) and the core C&D required at the Payload Specialist Station (PSS) are identified in this document. The AFD C&D Concept consists of a multifunction display system (MFDS) and elements of multiuse mission support equipment (MMSE). The MFDS consists of two CRTs, a display electronics unit (DEU), and a keyboard. The MMSE consists of a manual pointing controller (MPC), five digit numeric displays, 10 character alphanumeric legends, event timers, analog meters, rotary and toggle switches. The MMSE may be hardwired to the experiment, or interface with a data bus at the PSS for signal processing. The MFDS has video capability, with alphanumeric and graphic overlay features, on one CRT and alphanumeric and graphic (tricolor) capability on a second CRT. The DEU will have the capability to communicate, via redundant data buses, with both the spacelab experiment and subsystem computers.

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NASA NTRS1976

EVAL system concept definition. Partial spacelab payload

The preliminary design of an earth-viewing spacelab payload, with accommodations shared by both NASA and ESA is addressed. Mission parameters for this flight include a launch date of September 1981, an inclination of 57 deg, and an orbital altitude of 325 km. A seven-day mission is planned. The NASA portion of this payload is assigned to the EVAL (Earth Viewing Applications Laboratory) program. The ESA complement is designed as a multiuser payload.

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NASA NTRS1978

Interactive data line study and experiment

The paper considers the utility of having remote terminals on a Landsat image processing system and the development of efficient data transfer strategies such as data compression. The approach is to link an image processing terminal (located in a mobile van) to a multiuser host computer via the Communications Technology Satellite and a leased phone line. The host computer will share time between the remote state users and local users. The terminal includes a minicomputer, a color video display, and a communications interface, and the user has access to all of the resources of the host facility via the data link. While at present the terminal acts in the display-only mode, the computing capability of the terminal can be varied from display-only up to a stand-alone image processing system. An analysis of trade-offs between data link and remote terminal capacities is described with attention to the evaluation of the system by state users and the selection of a system architecture suitable to unique needs.

Rasmussen, D. N.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Microcomputer software development facilities

A more efficient and cost effective method for developing microcomputer software is to utilize a host computer with high-speed peripheral support. Application programs such as cross assemblers, loaders, and simulators are implemented in the host computer for each of the microcomputers for which software development is a requirement. The host computer is configured to operate in a time share mode for multiusers. The remote terminals, printers, and down loading capabilities provided are based on user requirements. With this configuration a user, either local or remote, can use the host computer for microcomputer software development. Once the software is developed (through the code and modular debug stage) it can be downloaded to the development system or emulator in a test area where hardware/software integration functions can proceed. The microcomputer software program sources reside in the host computer and can be edited, assembled, loaded, and then downloaded as required until the software development project has been completed.

Gorman, J. S.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Materials science

The first Spacelab space processing payload includes the following categories of hardware: (1) multiuser facilities, (2) common-support equipment, and (3) six autonomous experiments. All the hardware, with the exception of two elements (covering three experiments), will be integrated in a Spacelab double rack called the materials science double rack. The payload experimental facilities are intended to perform, during the first Spacelab mission, a number of significant pilot experiments in the fields of crystal growth, fluid physics and metallurgy, and, at the same time, to flight-verify the materials science hardware items developed (e.g., various furnaces, process chambers, etc.).

Huth, U.↗

NASA NTRS1981

APPLEPIPS /Apple Personal Image Processing System/ - An interactive digital image processing system for the Apple II microcomputer

Recent developments related to microprocessor-based personal computers have made low-cost digital image processing systems a reality. Image analysis systems built around these microcomputers provide color image displays for images as large as 256 by 240 pixels in sixteen colors. Descriptive statistics can be computed for portions of an image, and supervised image classification can be obtained. The systems support Basic, Fortran, Pascal, and assembler language. A description is provided of a system which is representative of the new microprocessor-based image processing systems currently on the market. While small systems may never be truly independent of larger mainframes, because they lack 9-track tape drives, the independent processing power of the microcomputers will help alleviate some of the turn-around time problems associated with image analysis and display on the larger multiuser systems.

Masuoka, E.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Distributed data base systems with special emphasis toward POREL

In the last few years a number of research and advanced development projects have resulted in distributed data base management prototypes. POREL, developed at the University of Stuttgart, is a multiuser, distributed, relational system developed for wide and local area networks of minicomputers and advanced micros. The general objectives of such data base systems and the architecture of POREL are discussed. In addition a comparison of some of the the existing distributed DMBS is included to provide the reader with information about the current state of the art.

Neuhold, E. J.↗

NASA NTRS1984

The VAX/VMS device driver and user operation program for the Midwestern Astronomical Data Reduction and Analysis Facility PDS microdensitometer

The Midwestern astronomical data reduction and analysis facility (MADRAF) PDS microdensitometer which was the first astronomical PDS which was provided with a Motorola 6800 microprocessor control/interface and will be interfaced to a 32-bit instruction computer operating in a multiuser environment is outlined. Command and response handshaking are handled on an RS 232 serial line while data transfer occurs on a dedicated Direct Memory Access line. This set of conditions necessitated the creation of a specialized device for the system. The general outline of this software is discussed. The availability of an extraordinarily powerful computer opened the possibility of a user operating program of great versatility with diverse data destinations and formats, automatic documentation, and an extensive set of utilities which facilitate operations.

Anderson, C. M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

International aspects of commercial space activities

Attention is given to problems in international cooperation that will arise if NASA proceeds with a Space Station. The rise in space budgets in many countries is cited as an indication of the growing importance being placed on space activities. It is also pointed out that these nations are emphasizing areas which hold promise for eventual commercial payoff. Developing countries are also paying greater attention to space. As part of the European Space Agency's development program, it is underwriting the development of up to six multiuser facilities dedicated to microgravity research; these include furnaces and thermostats for processing metallurgical samples and for crystal growth and botanical investigations. Competition from Europe is seen as a spur to efficiency. Attention is also given to the question whether international cooperation will interfere with research carried out by the US for military purposes.

Pedersen, K. S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Mathematical models for cochannel interference in FH/MFSK multiple-access systems

FH/MFSK has been proposed for a multiuser spread spectrum digital communication system to combat both self-jamming and intentional jamming. An independence assumption at the energy detector outputs is used to evaluate such a system for a digitized voice mobile radio system (Yue, 1981). This paper presents a correlated model and compares its performance to an independence model under the symbol error probability criterion. A Gaussian process model is also developed for comparison. It is found that the conventional Gaussian approximation is inadequate in predicting the number of users that can be accommodated by an FH/MFSK system using the conventional receiver. Furthermore, for the cases evaluated, the independence model provides an excellent approximation to the correlated model. Additionally, a conditional Chernoff bound is presented for the more general case of frequency-hopping systems with multiple hops per symbol.

Yan, T.-Y.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Payload transportation at KSC

Cargo ground processing at John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) involves either a horizointal or vertical mode of assembly and processing of the STS payloads. Consequently, cargos are commonly referred to as horizontal or vertical payloads. The process flow for each mode requires different facilities and transportation requirements. Occasionally, a mixed mission cargo containing both horizontal and vertical payload elements will require a combination of horizontal and vertical transportation between facilities. Some of the engineering challenges and innovative solutions to satisy the unique on-site payload transportation requirements at KSC. In particular, some of the more demanding design requirements of the multiuse mission support equipment are presented, and the resulting engineering designs and unique solutions are outlined.

Donahue, M. E.↗

NASA NTRS1985

The Earth Observing System - A multidisciplinary system for the long-term acquisition of earth science data from space

The development of the Earth Observing System (EOS) requirements is examined. An envisioned, EOS is to be NASA's multidisciplinary approach to acquisition of earth science data in the 1990s. The rationale and assumptions for the EOS are presented, together with a discussion of anticipated operations and use environments. Planned instrumentation concepts are discussed, involving a broad array of multiuse sensors operating across the electromagnetic spectrum from the ultraviolet to the microwave and including both active and passive techniques. Concepts for the near-polar orbiting observatory system, and essentially permanent man-serviced and -tended facility, are presented, along with concepts for information capture, processing and distribution and for common data-base referencing of acquired data. Milestones are indicated that are to be passed before a commitment to program execution can be made later in this decade.

Broome, D. R., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Computer graphics and the graphic artist

A centralized computer graphics system is being developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. This system was required to satisfy multiuser needs, ranging from presentation quality graphics prepared by a graphic artist to 16-mm movie simulations generated by engineers and scientists. While the major thrust of the central graphics system was directed toward engineering and scientific applications, hardware and software capabilities to support the graphic artists were integrated into the design. This paper briefly discusses the importance of computer graphics in research; the central graphics system in terms of systems, software, and hardware requirements; the application of computer graphics to graphic arts, discussed in terms of the requirements for a graphic arts workstation; and the problems encountered in applying computer graphics to the graphic arts. The paper concludes by presenting the status of the central graphics system.

Taylor, N. L.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Reconstruction techniques of holograms from Spacelab 3

Fluid transport effects in a ground-based laboratory are fairly well known. Bouyancy driven transport occurs when there is a local density change in the fluid. In a low-g environment these density changes become less important, and other transport mechanisms dominate. To better understand fluid flows in a low-g environment, a fluid experiment system (FES) was designed to fly aboard the Shuttle orbiter in Spacelab. The FES is a holographic system designed for acquisition of the maximum amount of data from an experiment. The FES flew for the first time in May 1985 on Spacelab 3 for investigation of triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystal growth in low-g. This paper describes the FES optical system. The reconstruction techniques of the holograms are examined in detail, and the multiuser and reflight capabilities are discussed. Proposed future experiments are mentioned.

Witherow, William K.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Spacecraft Fire-Safety Experiments for Space Station: Technology Development Mission

Definitions, overall descriptions, and preliminary apparatus and instrumentation requirements are presented for three spacecraft fire-safety experiments appropriate for inclusion in a growth-version of the Space Station. The experiments are as follows: 1. Combustion and Flame Spread of Typical Spacecraft Materials in a Low Velocity Convective Flow in Low Gravity 2. Fire and Fire-Extinguishant Interactions with Various Fire Scenarios in Low Gravity 3. Smoldering and Deep-Seated Combustion in Low Gravity. The experiments were selected from an assessment of recommendations for advanced technologies for prevention, detection, and control of fires in spacecraft. The experiments and their facilities are intended to constitute a portion of a Spacecraft Fire Safety Technology Development Mission (TDM). Basic requirements for the mission study are that the Space Station is essential for the accomplishment of the experimental objectives and that the technology being developed is appropriate for the growth version of the Space Station. The advantages of these three experiments are that, not only do they explore problems relevant to the Space Station operation and utilization, but also they constitute tests adaptable to two multiuse facilities installed in the Space Station laboratory module, the Combustion Tunnel Facility and the Combustion Facility. Three additional spacecraft fire-safety experiments, essential precursors to the TD M for near-term performance, are also described as follows: 1. Near-Term Testing of Materials for Combustion and Flame Spread 2. Near-Term Extinguishment of Fires in a Low-Gravity Test Bed 3. Post-Fire Recovery of Sensitive Electrical and Electronic Equipment. For all the experiments, the study defines accommodations in terms of first-order space, mass, power, consumables, and crew-time estimates. The study also reviews the key problems to be addressed, namely experiment safety hazards, non-intrusive diagnostics development and waste-products disposal. A preliminary task and time schedule for design, development, and experiment fabrication is proposed.

Youngblood, Wallace W.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Spaceborne optical disk controller development

The current status and potential applications of an optical-disk buffer (ODB) memory system being developed by an interagency consortium including NASA and the USAF are reviewed. The design goals for the ODB include usable capacity 1 Tb, maximum data rate 1.6 Gb/s, read error rate less than 10 to the -12th, time to initial access less than 100 ms, and unlimited read/write cycles. Present efforts focus on a brassboard ODB which employs 12 14-inch magnetooptic disks and 24 nine-diode read/write heads. A typical space application of an optical disk mass memory system (ODMMS) is discussed: as communications buffer, temporary storage, and/or multiuser I/O buffer for data management on the Space Station Earth Observing System. Environmental, operational, system-architecture, and functional-separation factors; critical design issues; and standardization questions for spaceborne ODMMSs are examined in detail.

Shull, Thomas A.↗