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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

An optical model for composite nuclear scattering

The optical model of composite particle scattering is considered and compared to the accuracies of other models. A nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation with two-body potentials is used for the scattering of a single particle by an energy-dependent local potential. The potential for the elastic channel is composed of matrix elements of a single scattering operator taken between the ground states of the projectile and the target; the coherent amplitude is considered as dominating the scattering in the forward direction. A multiple scattering series is analytically explored and formally summed by the solution of an equivalent Schroedinger equation. Cross sections of nuclear scattering are then determined for He-4 and C-12 nuclei at 3.6 GeV/nucleus and O-16 projectiles at 2.1 GeV/nucleus, and the optical model approximations are found to be consistently lower and more accurate than approximations made by use of Glauber's theory.

Wilson, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS2000

A New Look at Aerosol Optical Models in the MODIS/AERONET ERA

The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA's Terra satellite will permit the first time operational satellite retrievals of atmospheric aerosols over land. The retrieval uses dynamic models of aerosol optical properties developed from ground-based sun/sky radiometer data at selected specific locations. Three recent developments argue for a reevaluation of these optical models. (1) The expansion of the AERONET sun/sky radiometer network into new geographical regions that possibly features aerosols with different properties. (2) The development of the Dubovik sky radiance inversion that now offers a more comprehensive retrieval of aerosol optical properties. (3) The launch of the Terra satellite and acquisition of MODIS data that will reveal exactly how well the models perform.

Remer, Lorraine↗
NASA NTRS1986

Optical models of the molecular atmosphere

The use of optical and laser methods for performing atmospheric investigations has stimulated the development of the optical models of the atmosphere. The principles of constructing the optical models of molecular atmosphere for radiation with different spectral composition (wideband, narrowband, and monochromatic) are considered in the case of linear and nonlinear absorptions. The example of the development of a system which provides for the modeling of the processes of optical-wave energy transfer in the atmosphere is presented. Its physical foundations, structure, programming software, and functioning were considered.

Zuev, V. E.↗
DOE OSTI2011

7D-folding integral in a density-dependent microscopic optical model potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering

Microscopic optical model potentials, based on density-dependent effective interactions, involve multidimensional integrals to account for the full Fermi motion of the target struck nucleon throughout the nucleus. If a spherical matter distribution is assumed, then each matrix element of the optical potential requires the evaluation of seven-dimensional integrals. In this work we provide a full account of these integrals, retaining the genuine off-shell structure of the nucleon-nucleon effective interaction. The evaluation is based on the asymptotic separation of the optical model potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering in momentum space, where the potential is split into a free t-matrix contribution and another which depends exclusively on the gradient of the density-dependent g matrix. The calculated potentials, based on the Paris nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential, are applied to proton elastic scattering from {sup 16}O and {sup 90}Zr at beam energies between 30 and 65 MeV. The results were compared with two approximations to the unabridged expression, revealing moderate differences among their scattering observables. When comparing with results based on the Argonne v{sub 18} NNpotential, these differences appear smaller than those attainable by the choice of the internucleon potential.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Extended optical model for fission

A comprehensive formalism to calculate fission cross sections based on the extension of the optical model for fission is presented. It can be used for description of nuclear reactions on actinides featuring multi-humped fission barriers with partial absorption in the wells and direct transmission through discrete and continuum fission channels. The formalism describes the gross fluctuations observed in the fission probability due to vibrational resonances, and can be easily implemented in existing statistical reaction model codes. The extended optical model for fission is applied for neutron induced fission cross-section calculations on 234,235,238 U and 239 Pu targets. A triple-humped fission barrier is used for 234,235 U(n,f), while a double-humped fission barrier is used for 238 U(n,f) and 239 Pu(n,f) reactions as predicted by theoretical barrier calculations. The impact of partial damping of class-II/III states, and of direct transmission through discrete and continuum fission channels, is shown to be critical for a proper description of the measured fission cross sections for 234,235,238 U(n,f) reactions. The 239 Pu(n,f) reaction can be calculated in the complete damping approximation. Calculated cross sections for 235,238 U(n,f) and 239 Pu(n,f) reactions agree within 3% with the corresponding cross sections derived within the Neutron Standards least-squares fit of available experimental data. Lastly, the extended optical model for fission can be used for both theoretical fission studies and nuclear data evaluation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2012

Wavefront Sensing for WFIRST with a Linear Optical Model

In this paper we develop methods to use a linear optical model to capture the field dependence of wavefront aberrations in a nonlinear optimization-based phase retrieval algorithm for image-based wavefront sensing. The linear optical model is generated from a ray trace model of the system and allows the system state to be described in terms of mechanical alignment parameters rather than wavefront coefficients. This approach allows joint optimization over images taken at different field points and does not require separate convergence of phase retrieval at individual field points. Because the algorithm exploits field diversity, multiple defocused images per field point are not required for robustness. Furthermore, because it is possible to simultaneously fit images of many stars over the field, it is not necessary to use a fixed defocus to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio despite having images with high dynamic range. This allows high performance wavefront sensing using in-focus science data. We applied this technique in a simulation model based on the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Intermediate Design Reference Mission (IDRM) imager using a linear optical model with 25 field points. We demonstrate sub-thousandth-wave wavefront sensing accuracy in the presence of noise and moderate undersampling for both monochromatic and polychromatic images using 25 high-SNR target stars. Using these high-quality wavefront sensing results, we are able to generate upsampled point-spread functions (PSFs) and use them to determine PSF ellipticity to high accuracy in order to reduce the systematic impact of aberrations on the accuracy of galactic ellipticity determination for weak-lensing science.

Jurling, Alden S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Systematic Matter and Binding-Energy Distributions from a Dispersive Optical Model Analysis

We present the first systematic dispersive-optical-model analysis of 16,18 O, 40,48 Ca, 58,64 Ni, 112,124 Sn, and 208 Pb. In all systems, roughly half the total nuclear binding energy is associated with the most-bound 10% of the total nucleon density. The extracted neutron skins reveal interplay of asymmetry, Coulomb, and shell effects on the skin thickness. Here, our results indicate that optical-model fits on isotopic pairs are effective for constraining nuclear structural quantities otherwise difficult to observe experimentally.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Unitary version of the particle–hole dispersive optical model

For the particle–hole dispersive optical model developed recently, a method is proposed for restoring unitarity weakly violated by a phenomenological description of the spreading effect. The method is implemented by performing a quantitative analysis of the energy-averaged isoscalar monopole double transition density and strength functions over a broad energy range including the isoscalar giant monopole resonance and its overtone in the {sup 208}Pb nucleus.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Effect of the tensor part of Skyrme interaction on the description of elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering on the basis of the optical model

A microscopic optical nucleon-nucleus potential constructed on the basis of calculating the mass operator for the single-particle Green's function with Skyrme nucleon-nucleon forces was used to study the effect of the tensor part of Skyrme forces on describing differential cross sections for elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering and the structure of nuclei within a self-consistent approach. It was shown that an increase in the tensor terms of nucleon-nucleon forces impaired the description of nucleon-nucleus scattering within the model being considered. The parameters of Skyrme forces were optimized on the basis of an analysis of cross sections for neutron-nucleus scattering, the properties of nuclear matter and the structure of nuclei being tested in doing this. This optimization led to nucleon-nucleon force versions where the tensor part was small or zero and which described satisfactorily the structure of nuclei and cross sections for elastic neutron and proton scattering on nuclei over a broad range of target mass numbers.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Particle-hole optical model and strength functions for high-energy giant resonances

A formulation of the particle-hole optical model is proposed for describing the contribution of the fragmentation effect to the formation of strength functions for high-energy giant resonances. The model is based on the Bethe-Goldstone equation for the energy-averaged particle-hole Green's function. In this equation, the particle-hole interaction that is induced by a virtual excitation of multiquasiparticle configurations and in which, upon averaging over energy, an imaginary part is contained is taken into account. An analogy with the single-quasiparticle optical model is discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2017

WFIRST coronagraph optical modeling

End-to-end numerical optical modeling of the WFIRST coronagraph incorporating wavefront sensing and control is used to determine the performance of the coronagraph with realistic errors, including pointing jitter and polarization. We present the performance estimates of the current flight designs as predicted by modeling. We also describe the release of a new version of the PROPER optical propagation library, our primary modeling tool, which is now available for Python and Matlab in addition to IDL.

Zhou, Hanying↗
NASA NTRS2012

Constraining Aerosol Optical Models Using Ground-Based, Collocated Particle Size and Mass Measurements in Variable Air Mass Regimes During the 7-SEAS/Dongsha Experiment

During the spring of 2010, NASA Goddard's COMMIT ground-based mobile laboratory was stationed on Dongsha Island off the southwest coast of Taiwan, in preparation for the upcoming 2012 7-SEAS field campaign. The measurement period offered a unique opportunity for conducting detailed investigations of the optical properties of aerosols associated with different air mass regimes including background maritime and those contaminated by anthropogenic air pollution and mineral dust. What appears to be the first time for this region, a shortwave optical closure experiment for both scattering and absorption was attempted over a 12-day period during which aerosols exhibited the most change. Constraints to the optical model included combined SMPS and APS number concentration data for a continuum of fine and coarse-mode particle sizes up to PM2.5. We also take advantage of an IMPROVE chemical sampler to help constrain aerosol composition and mass partitioning of key elemental species including sea-salt, particulate organic matter, soil, non sea-salt sulphate, nitrate, and elemental carbon. Our results demonstrate that the observed aerosol scattering and absorption for these diverse air masses are reasonably captured by the model, where peak aerosol events and transitions between key aerosols types are evident. Signatures of heavy polluted aerosol composed mostly of ammonium and non sea-salt sulphate mixed with some dust with transitions to background sea-salt conditions are apparent in the absorption data, which is particularly reassuring owing to the large variability in the imaginary component of the refractive indices. Extinctive features at significantly smaller time scales than the one-day sample period of IMPROVE are more difficult to reproduce, as this requires further knowledge concerning the source apportionment of major chemical components in the model. Consistency between the measured and modeled optical parameters serves as an important link for advancing remote sensing and climate research studies in dynamic aerosol-rich environments like Dongsha.

Bell, Shaun W.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of an Optical Model for the MEDLI2 Radiometer

We present an optical model of the MEDLI2 radiometer, which was flown onboard the Mars 2020 vehicle during atmospheric entry on February 18, 2021. The proposed model takes into account the radiometer geometry and optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and absorption to estimate the signal loss inherent in the design of the radiometer. The model serves as a filter, which can be used to convert predicted total radiative heat fluxes on the radiometer window into predicted measured heat fluxes, enabling more accurate comparisons of the radiometer flight data with predicted radiometer measurements. Optical properties of the radiometer’s sapphire window are inferred from spectral transmissivity measurements. A modified Lorentz Oscillator Model is used to represent the dielectric function of the window and is fit to the transmission data. The resulting optical model of the radiometer is validated against experimental data used to measure the dependence of the radiometer output voltage on the incident angle of the light impinging on it. Comparison of predicted radiometer measurements with the MEDLI2 flight data show good agreement between the predicted and measured peak heat fluxes, though offset at different times. A linear increase in the signal loss due to radiometer optics alone is also demonstrated, suggesting that the changing shock angle over the course of the trajectory impacts the signal loss.

MEDLI2↗
NASA NTRS1990

Optical modeling for dynamics and control analysis

This paper presents a coordinate-free ray-trace analysis of optical beam trains consisting of mirrors, lenses and reference surfaces. The analysis leads to optical models that can be directly integrated with standard structure and control models for integrated instrument design, analysis and simulation. This capability is required for a coming generation of spaceborn optical instruments which use controlled optical elements supported by flexible structures. New results include analytic formulas for optical sensitivities as functions of structural and control geometric parameters. An example problem calculates a linear (small-motion) optical model, derives optical gains for small- and large-angle controlled mirrors, and shows the propagation of a wavefront.

Redding, David C.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Spacecraft Thermal and Optical Modeling Impacts on Estimation of the GRAIL Lunar Gravity Field

We summarize work performed involving thermo-optical modeling of the two Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft. We derived several reconciled spacecraft thermo-optical models having varying detail. We used the simplest in calculating SRP acceleration, and used the most detailed to calculate acceleration due to thermal re-radiation. For the latter, we used both the output of pre-launch finite-element-based thermal simulations and downlinked temperature sensor telemetry. The estimation process to recover the lunar gravity field utilizes both a nominal thermal re-radiation accleration history and an apriori error model derived from that plus an off-nominal history, which bounds parameter uncertainties as informed by sensitivity studies.

thermal modeling↗
DOE OSTI2010

Description of analyzing power and (p,n) reaction by a global dispersive coupled-channel optical model potential

A global dispersive coupled-channel optical model potential is used to analyze the proton elastic/inelastic analyzing power data and (p,n) data in order to investigate the prediction power of this potential. The numerical calculations show good agreement with available experimental data for proton elastic data and overall agreement for proton inelastic data. The results also showed that present global potential is approximately Lane-consistent, and can predict well the (p,n) cross sections.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Nonlocal extension of the dispersive optical model to describe data below the Fermi energy

Present applications of the dispersive-optical-model analysis are restricted by the use of a local but energy-dependent version of the generalized Hartree-Fock potential. This restriction is lifted by the introduction of a corresponding nonlocal potential without explicit energy dependence. Such a strategy allows for a complete determination of the nucleon propagator below the Fermi energy with access to the expectation value of one-body operators (like the charge density), the one-body density matrix with associated natural orbits, and complete spectral functions for removal strength. The present formulation of the dispersive optical model (DOM) therefore allows the use of elastic electron-scattering data in determining its parameters. Application to {sup 40}Ca demonstrates that a fit to the charge radius leads to too much charge near the origin using the conventional assumptions of the functional form of the DOM. A corresponding incomplete description of high-momentum components is identified, suggesting that the DOM formulation must be extended in the future to accommodate such correlations properly. Unlike the local version, the present nonlocal DOM limits the location of the deeply bound hole states to energies that are consistent with (e,e{sup '}p) and (p,2p) data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Comparison of Optical Modelling Tools for Sunshape and Surface Slope Error

The sunshape and mirror surface slope error are two main factors that influence the characteristics of incoming and reflected solar beams in a solar concentrator. Different optical modelling tools, however, address these two factors with different methods and simplifications. In this study, simulation methods are reviewed in five optical modelling tools, namely SolTrace, Tonatiuh, Tracer, Heliosim and SolarPILOT. A series of simple test cases are simulated in each tool to compare and verify the implementation of sunshape and slope error models separately. This strategy has successfully identified discrepancies among the tools and contributed to a better understanding of their reasons. It has also uncovered few glitches in some of those tools and contributed to improve them. It is our hope that this study will help to resolve common misconceptions, to build confidence amongst CSP researches on the accuracy of tools with which they have less experience, and to ensure better agreement in optical modelling work in future.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗