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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Washington Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis Data From Potential Field Studies

A recent study which adapts play fairway analysis (PFA) methodology to assess geothermal potential was conducted at three locations (Mount Baker, Mount St. Helens seismic zone, and Wind River valley) along the Washington Cascade Range (Forson et al. 2017). Potential field (gravity and magnetic) methods which can detect subsurface contrasts in physical properties, provides a means for mapping and modeling subsurface geology and structure. As part of the WA-Cascade PFA project, we performed potential field studies by collecting high-resolution gravity and ground-magnetic data, and rock property measurements to (1) identify and constrain fault geometries (2) constrain subsurface lithologic distribution (3) study fault interactions (4) identify areas favorable to hydrothermal flow, and ultimately (5) guide future geothermal exploration at each location.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bias Between ENDF/B-VIII and ENDF/B-VII.1 for LEU Pin Array Systems

Extensive testing of new cross section data is performed in SCALE prior to its release. The release of ENDF/B-VIII.0 requires the generation and testing of new data libraries which are planned to be included in the release of SCALE 6.3 in 2019 or 2020. KENO benchmark results have been published previously for beta and final releases of ENDF/B-VIII.0 using the entire Verified, Archived Library of Inputs and Data (VALID). This work presents an energy-dependent change in the results for low-enriched uranium (LEU) pin array systems. The process of identifying the difference is highlighted as a case study to determine how data testing and benchmarking can be performed to provide more detailed feedback to the data community on potential data deficiencies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Perspectives on Citizen Science Data Quality

Information about data quality helps potential data users to determine whether and how data can be used and enables the analysis and interpretation of such data. Providing data quality information improves opportunities for data reuse by increasing the trustworthiness of the data. Recognizing the need for improving the quality of citizen science data, we describe quality assessment and quality control (QA/QC) issues for these data and offer perspectives on aspects of improving or ensuring citizen science data quality and for conducting research on related issues.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1990

On the search for evidence of fast mode compressions in the near-earth tail - ISEE observations

A search for earthward propagating fast mode compressions in the near-earth tail has been conducted. ISEE electric and magnetic field data were studied for substorm and quiet times when the spacecraft was close to the neutral sheet, near midnight, and at radial distances of 5.5 to 13 R(E) (earth radii). Due to ISEE orbit characteristics, the set of events covered 12.5 hours, during which time the satellite remained between 8.5 and 13 R(E). Contrary to earlier ideas, no evidence for fast mode compression waves was found during the substorm events studied here, since plasma data and spacecraft potential data showed no density increases at the times of rapid magnetic field increases. For the one compression event for which a temporal offset between the ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 magnetic field structures could be clearly determined, the propagation velocity was about 140 km/s, well below the fast mode speed of about 400 km/s for the measured composition. During substorm events, the largest convection flows were earthward with magnitudes of 100-350 km/sec.

Moortgat, K. T.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Internet of things and Big Data as potential solutions to the problems in waste electrical and electronic equipment management: An exploratory study

Highlights: • Major problems in current WEEE management have been identified. • Communication technologies enabling smart WEEE management are described. • Framework of implementing the IoT and the Big Data technologies is proposed. • Application scenarios based on real-world cases are constructed and discussed. • Challenges as well as future research opportunities are identified. - Abstract: Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a vital part in solid waste management, there are still some difficult issues require attentionss. This paper investigates the potential of applying Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data as the solutions to the WEEE management problems. The massive data generated during the production, consumption and disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) fits the characteristics of Big Data. Through using the state-of-the-art communication technologies, the IoT derives the WEEE “Big Data” from the life cycle of EEE, and the Big Data technologies process the WEEE “Big Data” for supporting decision making in WEEE management. The framework of implementing the IoT and the Big Data technologies is proposed, with its multiple layers are illustrated. Case studies with the potential application scenarios of the framework are presented and discussed. As an unprecedented exploration, the combined application of the IoT and the Big Data technologies in WEEE management brings a series of opportunities as well as new challenges. This study provides insights and visions for stakeholders in solving the WEEE management problems under the context of IoT and Big Data.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Extraction of Thruster Plume Ion Population Trends From Retarding Potential Analyzer Data

Characterization of ion plume impingement effects on spacecraft surfaces requires knowledge of the ion energy distributions in the thruster plume. Retarding potential analyzers are a convenient diagnostic that provide measurements of the ion voltage distributions. This work presents an attempt to extract additional information via fitting multiple Maxwellian distributions to the diagnostic traces. Tracking the trends of the fitted ion populations across varying facility pressure, angular location, and thruster operating conditions offers further insight into the makeup of the plume plasma and the behavior of the ion energies as a function of those parameters. This approach provides supporting evidence in establishing margins and building further confidence in the plume modeling validation process.

John T. Yim↗
NASA NTRS1981

Continuation of potential field data to a common altitude

It is noted that the distorsions introduced by the variation of distance between the sources and the measurement points can be important enough to create fake anomalies. The average amplitude of the anomalies at MAGSAT altitude is of the order of a few nT. Thus it is necessary to be careful in reducing MAGSAT data to a common elevation. The achievement of the corresponding anomaly map is of primary importance for the study of regional and long wave length anomalies. A method for the continuation of potential fields is described which consists in representing any harmonic function (in particular the anomaly is function of space coordinates) as a sum of elementary harmonic functions; the continuation being achieved by an inverse technique. Tests, made on a synthetic set of data, evaluate the method.

Lemouel, J. L.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Novel use of flu surveillance data: Evaluating potential of sentinel populations for early detection of influenza outbreaks

Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality each year, with 2–8% of weekly outpatient visits around the United States for influenza-like-illness (ILI) during the peak of the season. Effective use of existing flu surveillance data allows officials to understand and predict current flu outbreaks and can contribute to reductions in influenza morbidity and mortality. Previous work used the 2009–2010 influenza season to investigate the possibility of using existing military and civilian surveillance systems to improve early detection of flu outbreaks. Results suggested that civilian surveillance could help predict outbreak trajectory in local military installations. To further test that hypothesis, we compare pairs of civilian and military outbreaks in seven locations between 2000 and 2013. We find no predictive relationship between outbreak peaks or time series of paired outbreaks. This larger study does not find evidence to support the hypothesis that civilian data can be used as sentinel surveillance for military installations. We additionally investigate the effect of modifying the ILI case definition between the standard Department of Defense definition, a more specific definition proposed in literature, and confirmed Influenza A. We find that case definition heavily impacts results. In conclusion, this study thus highlights the importance of careful selection of case definition, and appropriate consideration of case definition in the interpretation of results.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1975

Coastal data accumulation potentials for operational systems using airplanes

Potential users of SEASAT for remote sensing of coastal zone phenomena have established a need for resolutions beyond those attainable with SEASAT-A. One method of obtaining higher resolutions would be to fly the instruments aboard airplanes rather than a satellite. The number of aircraft that would be required is estimated along with the rate at which data would be accumulated. Only the East Coast from Maine to Key West is considered. Three different coverage widths are used. The narrowest area is wide enough to cover all bay and estuary regions along the coast; a wider area includes all ocean out to twelve nautical miles from the coast; the maximum size area considered extends out to 200 nautical miles from the coast.

Kuhner, M. B.↗
DOE OSTI2021

A workflow to assess the efficacy of brine extraction for managing injection-induced seismicity potential using data from a CO 2 injection site near Decatur, Illinois

Injection of CO 2 for storage in a geologic formation increases pore pressure and alters in situ stresses. Depending on the orientation of any existing fault and fracture planes, such as critically stressed planes, this stress alteration will modify normal stresses acting on planes and could result in frictional sliding and release stored energy in the form of seismicity. Brine extraction (BE) is a technique that can be applied prior to, or during, CO 2 injection to reduce pore pressure for increasing storage capacity and, potentially, for reducing the likelihood of frictional sliding. Here a workflow is described to assess the efficacy of BE for mitigating frictional sliding (i.e., seismicity) during injection and entails: site characterization, stress calculations and failure assessment, static and dynamic modeling, and BE operational planning. Site characterization describes the stress field used to calculate the Coulomb Failure Function (CFF) that constrains allowable pore pressure changes and injection rates in the numerical simulation of CO 2 injection scenarios. The inclusion of BE in the workflow allows for determination of the potential need for pressure reduction, and evaluation of the effectiveness of this operation. Example application of the workflow using an injection field dataset near Decatur, IL, provides insight on fracture planes and stresses at the site, formation properties and the impact of variable CO 2 injection-rate targets on whether BE plans are required. The study workflow indicates that BE could enhance CO 2 injection rate by 39% and correspondingly reduce the potential for injection-induced seismicity as indicated by a reduction in CFF.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Geologic influence on induced seismicity: Constraints from potential field data in Oklahoma

Abstract Recent Oklahoma seismicity shows a regional correlation with increased wastewater injection activity, but local variations suggest that some areas are more likely to exhibit induced seismicity than others. We combine geophysical and drill hole data to map subsurface geologic features in the crystalline basement, where most earthquakes are occurring, and examine probable contributing factors. We find that most earthquakes are located where the crystalline basement is likely composed of fractured intrusive or metamorphic rock. Areas with extrusive rock or thick (>4 km) sedimentary cover exhibit little seismicity, even in high injection rate areas, similar to deep sedimentary basins in Michigan and western North Dakota. These differences in seismicity may be due to variations in permeability structure: within intrusive rocks, fluids can become narrowly focused in fractures and faults, causing an increase in local pore fluid pressure, whereas more distributed pore space in sedimentary and extrusive rocks may relax pore fluid pressure.

Shah, Anjana K.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Grandparent Inference from Genetic Data: The Potential for Parentage-Based Tagging Programs to Identify Offspring of Hatchery Strays

Abstract Fisheries managers routinely use hatcheries to increase angling opportunity. Many hatcheries operate as segregated programs where hatchery-origin fish are not intended to spawn with natural-origin conspecifics in order to prevent potential negative effects on the natural-origin population. Currently available techniques to monitor the frequency with which hatchery-origin strays successfully spawn in the wild rely on either genetic differentiation between the hatchery- and natural-origin fish or extensive sampling of fish on the spawning grounds. We present a method to infer grandparent–grandchild trios by using only genotypes from two putative grandparents and one putative grandchild. We developed estimators of false-positive and false-negative error rates and showed that genetic panels containing 500–700 single-nucleotide polymorphisms or 200–300 microhaplotypes are expected to allow application of this technique for monitoring segregated hatchery programs. We discuss the ease with which this technique can be implemented by pre-existing parentage-based tagging programs and provide an R package that applies the method.

Delomas, Thomas A. (ORCID:000000015154759X)↗
NASA NTRS1986

Constraints on lithospheric structure from satellite potential field data: Africa and Asia. Analysis and interpretation of MAGSAT anomalies over North Africa

Crustal anomaly detection with MAGSAT data is frustrated by the inherent resolving power of the data and by contamination from the external and core fields. The quality of the data might be tested by modeling specific tectonic features which produce anomalies that fall within the proposed resolution and crustal amplitude capabilities of the MAGSAT fields. To test this hypothesis, the north African hotspots associated with Ahaggar, Tibestia and Darfur have been modeled as magnetic induction anomalies due solely to shallower depth to the Curie isotherm surface beneath these features. The MAGSAT data were reduced by subtracting the external and core fields to isolate the scalar and vertical component crustal signals. The predicted model magnetic signal arising from the surface topography of the uplift and the Curie isotherm surface was calculated at MAGSAT altitudes by the Fourier transform technique modified to allow for variable magnetization. In summary it is suggested that the region beneath Ahaggar is associated with a strong thermal anomaly and the predicted anomaly best fits the associated MAGSAT anomaly if the African plate is moving in a northeasterly direction.

Phillips, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1999

The Hypothesis of Caves on Mars Revisited Through MGS Data; Their Potential as Targets for the Surveyor Program

In a previous publication, we proposed the formation of caves at mega and microscale on Mars and emphasized their potential for the exobiology exploration. The recent MOC images have shown promising indicators that caves are actually existing on Mars. In the first section, we develop the theoretical potential formation of martian caves. Then, we show how MOC is supporting this hypothesis of their formation and the new types of environments it suggests. The existence of caves on Mars from microscale to microscale structures can be predicted according to the Mars geological and climatic history. A first global approach is to consider caves as a result of underground water activity combined with tectonic movement. They can be formed by: (1) diversion of channel courses in underground conduits; (2) fractures of surface drainage patterns; chaotic terrain and collapsed areas in general; (4) seepage face in valley walls and/or headwaters; (5) inactive hydrothermal vents and lava tubes.

Grin, E. A.↗