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This viewgraph presentation reviews the concept of the Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), a methodology to use the MISR to retrieve aerosols over water and land. The presentation shows some of the results of the use of the MISR in graphs and charts. Multi-angle remote sensing provides unique ways of retrieving aerosol properties over many surface types, including bright deserts which are major source regions.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments have successfully operated for more than 18 and 16 years, respectively, on-board the NASA’s Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Both Terra and Aqua MODIS have significantly contributed to the advance of global Earth remote sensing applications with a broad range of science products that have been continuously produced since the beginning of each mission and freely distributed to users worldwide. MODIS collects data in 20 reflective solar bands (RSB) and 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB), covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 14.4 μm. Its level 1B (L1B) data products, which provide the input for the MODIS high-level science products, include the top of the atmosphere reflectance factors for the RSB, radiances for both the RSB and TEB, and associated uncertainty indices (UI) at a pixel-by-pixel level. This paper provides a brief review of MODIS L1B calibration algorithms, including a number of improvements made in recent years. It presents an update of sensor calibration uncertainty assessments with a focus on several new contributors resulting from on-orbit changes in sensor characteristics, approaches developed to address these changes, and the impact due to on-orbit changes on the L1B data quality. Also discussed are remaining challenges and potential improvements to be made to continuously maintain sensor calibration and data quality, particularly those related to the quality of MODIS L1B uncertainty.
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument is scheduled for launch aboard the first of the Earth Observing System (EOS) spacecraft, EOS-AM1. MISR will provide global, radiometrically calibrated, georectified, and co-registered imagery at nine discrete viewing angles and four visible/near-infrared spectral bands.
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) will provide global data sets from Earth orbit using nine pushbroom cameras, each viewing in a fixed, unique direction. Data will be acquired for day-lit portions of the orbit at an average rate of 3.3 Mbits s -1 for the entire six year mission.
An Airborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR) instrument has beed developed to assist in validation of the Earth Observing System (EOS) MISR experiment.
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) will fly on the EOS-AM1 spacecraft, and provide global data sets with nine discrete view directions per scene. This paper reviews the MISR standard radiometric product and the in-flight radiometric calibration and characterization plans.
A novel ground-based radiometer, referred to as the Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric (SAS-He), is introduced. This radiometer uses the shadow-band technique to report total irradiance and its direct and diffuse components frequently (every 30 s) with continuous spectral coverage (350–1700 nm) and moderate spectral (~2.5 nm ultraviolet–visible and ~6 nm shortwave-infrared) resolution. The SAS-He's performance is evaluated using integrated datasets collected over coastal regions during three field campaigns supported by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, namely the (1) Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP; Cape Cod, Massachusetts), (2) Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER; in and around Houston, Texas), and (3) Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE; La Jolla, California). We compare (i) aerosol optical depth (AOD) and total optical depth (TOD) derived from the direct irradiance, as well as (ii) the diffuse irradiance and direct-to-diffuse ratio (DDR) calculated from two components of the total irradiance. As part of the evaluation, both AOD and TOD derived from the SAS-He direct irradiance are compared to those provided by a collocated Cimel sunphotometer (CSPHOT) at five (380, 440, 500, 675, 870 nm) and two (1020, 1640 nm) wavelengths, respectively. Additionally, the SAS-He diffuse irradiance and DDR are contrasted with their counterparts offered by a collocated multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) at six (415, 500, 615, 675, 870, 1625 nm) wavelengths. Overall, reasonable agreement is demonstrated between the compared products despite the challenging observational conditions associated with varying aerosol loadings and diverse types of aerosols and clouds. For example, the AOD- and TOD-related values of root mean square error remain within 0.021 at 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 1020, and 1640 nm wavelengths during the three field campaigns.
Rocketborne spectroradiometer measurement of the spectral radiation intensity of luminescent air in the shock induced flow field produced by a reentry vehicle
Rocketborne spectroradiometer measurement of spectral radiation intensity of luminescent air in shock induced flow field produced by reentry vehicle
High accuracy spectroradiometer for calibration of spectral radiance standards
Solar ultraviolet spectroradiometer using high transmission narrow band interference filters
Infrared spectroradiometer measures high-resolution spectral absorption, emission, temperature, and concentration of chemical species in radically symmetric zones of the exhaust plumes of large rocket engines undergoing static firing tests. Measurements are made along predetermined lines of sight through the plume.
By coating half of one element in the relay optical system of a spectroradiometer with a very high emissivity paint, the effect of the reflected radiation from the back of the filter wheel is eliminated optically. This causes the detector to view a constant level of radiation, regardless of how the reflectivity of the back of the filter wheel changes.
Dual channel infrared spectroradiometer system for obtaining spectral absorption and emission data used to determine temperature and pressure distributions of certain rocket exhaust species
Spectroradiometer and technique for measuring spectral irradiance of solar simulators
Spectroradiometer is used for either close or remote identification of rocks not heated to high temperatures. Instrument yields reproducible data spectra with excellent signal-to-noise ratios and readily identifiable spectral details, including differences in subclasses.
Development and characteristics of spectroradiometer with wedge filters to eliminate adverse effect of pinholes in filters
A dual channel infrared spectroradiometer system was installed at a high altitude facility where spectral data were obtained from F2/H2, FLOX/CH4, FLOX/B2H6, OF2/CH4, and OF2/B2H6 propellant combinations. A good HF emission spectra was obtained for tests with the OF2B2H6 propellant combination. Subsequently, data were obtained on the LOX/GH2 propellant combination at sea level and altitude conditions that were inconsistent because the calculation of plume properties led to physically unrealistic results. The inconsistencies resulted from measurement accuracy not being within the narrow limits required by the data reduction scheme. Although the anticipated program results were not obtained, the data gathered are useful for guiding future experimental efforts and formulations of less sensitive analytical models.