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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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HF backscattering by plane electromagnetic wave incident on imperfectly conducting sphere covered with concentric layers of different materials, noting refractive index value
Depolarization of electromagnetic waves backscattered from rough surface boundary
Optical radar detection of backscatter from upper atmosphere
Backscatter of electromagnetic waves from rough surface
Kirchhoff approximation used to calculate backscatter of ultrasonic waves from rough layer
Gamma ray backscatter principles for measurement of atmospheric density, using test results from altitude chambers in balloon and sounding rocket payloads
Volume backscattering functions and optical extinction coefficients for visible and IR RADIATION and selected cloud models
80 km atmospheric backscattering enhancement detected by optical radar
Vector field theory of time dependent backscatter from distant slightly rough sphere for pulsed and sinusoidally steady state sources
The lidar was commissioned with a charter to provide range-resolved absolute backscatter profiles throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere.
To invesigate effects on polarimetric backscatter of sea ice grown under diurnal cycling conditions, we carried out an experiment inJanuary 1994 at the outdoor Geophysical Research Facility in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.
In terrain with relief variations radar signals are distorted due to the projection of the scene topography into the slant range-Doppler plane. The effect of these variations is to change the physical size of the scattering area, leading to errors in the radar backscatter values and incidence angle. For this reason the local incidence angle, derived form sensor position and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data must always be considered.
The effect of Faraday rotation on linearly polarized backscatter measurements from space is addressed.
A technique employed to extract higher resolution backscatter measurements from the SeaWinds pencil-beam scatterometer system is described. The unique methodology necessary to achieve very high radiometric accuracy for such measurements is discussed.
Ocean backscatter signatures were measured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne NUSCAT K(sub u)-band scatterometer across the Gulf Stream sea surface temperature front. The measurements were made during the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment (SWADE) off the coast of Virginia and Maryland in the winter of 1991.
The Ku-band dual-polarized backscatter signatures of ocean surfaces are described in this article with the airborne scatterometer measurements collected in the Hurricane Ocean Wind Experiment in September 1997.
The SeaWinds scatterometer will fly on the NASA Quickscat spacecraft in 1998, and on the Japanese ADEOS-II mission in 2000. In addition to providing ocean surface wind estimates for use by weather forcasters, these flights will generate a global Ku-Band backscatter data set for a variety of climate studies.
In this paper, we expand the previous theory to be applied to a generic drop size distribution with spheroidal raindrops including spherical raindrops. Results will be used to discuss the multiple scattering effects on the backscatter measurements acquired by a W-band nadir-pointing radar.