Recent Electrocatalyst Work at NETL
Presented by NETL at Reactive CO2 Capture: Process Integration for the New Carbon Economy Workshop, 02/20
Nguyen-Phan, Thuy-Duong↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Microwave Active Conductive Metal Oxides for CO2 Dry Reforming of Methane
Presented by NETL at Reactive CO2 Capture: Process Integration for the New Carbon Economy Workshop, 02/20
Marin, Christopher↗
Removal of water vapor from streams containing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide
Methods and systems for removing water vapor from a feed gas prior to further processing the feed gas according to a downstream PSA process are described. The feed gas can include CO2 and/or CO and/or H2 and the PSA process can be used to separate components of the feed gas from one another, for instance, for CO2 capture. Light product off of the PSA process is utilized to regenerate desiccant of a dryer used in the water vapor removal process that is carried out prior to the feed gas entering the PSA process. The water vapor removal process can be heated by providing thermal energy directly to the dryer and/or to a regenerating stream that regenerates the desiccant of the dryer. The thermal energy can be low cost energy—for instance, waste heat off of a system that provides the feed gas.
Ritter, James A.↗
Accurate and Timely Forecasts of Geologic Carbon Storage using Machine Learning Methods
Carbon capture and storage is one strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One approach to storing the captured CO2 is to inject it into deep saline aquifers. However, dynamics of the injected CO2 plume is uncertain and the potential for leakage back to the atmosphere must be assessed. Thus, accurate and timely forecasts of CO2 storage via real-time measurements integration becomes very crucial. This study proposes a learning-based, inverse-free prediction method that can accurately and rapidly forecast CO2 movement and distribution with uncertainty quantification based on limited simulation and observation data. The machine learning techniques include dimension reduction, multivariate data analysis, and Bayesian learning. The outcome is expected to provide CO2 storage site operators with an effective tool for real-time decision making.
Lu, Dan↗
Characterization of Oxy-Coal Swirl Injector
The article presents the design and testing of a coal-slurry swirl-pintle injector for high pressure oxy-coal combustion systems. Pressurized oxy-coal combustion-based systems have the potential to improve efficiency by recovering latent heat of the steam in flue gas and achieve 90% CO2 capture. In oxy-coal combustion, coal is burned in the presence of pure oxygen, which results in higher efficiency and less greenhouse gas in the exhaust. With the advancement of pressurized oxy-coal combustor research, there is a need to investigate injector technology suitable for this unique combustion approach. Effective atomization and mixing of coal-slurry and oxidizer pose a challenge for the efficient burning of coal particles. A swirl-pintle type injector was designed and tested to enhance the atomization of the coal-water slurry spray by adding a swirl to the oxygen flow path. Although pintle type injectors are traditionally used in rocket engines, they present a promising approach in clean coal combustion technology due to higher mixing effectiveness and enhanced performance. The mixing behavior of three pintle injectors with different swirl numbers (S = 0, 0.9, and 1.2) was tested using a high-speed shadow sizing technique. Mixture ratios of 30% (by mass) coal-water slurry were studied. The droplet diameter and dispersion characteristics were determined from shadow images of coal-water spray. The jet breakup length, droplet number, total moment ratio (TMR), and Ohnesorge number were then calculated to compare the performance of different injectors. The paper presents an empirical correlation of the TMR with droplet size and spray regimes. For a pintle injector with S = 1.2 swirler, the droplets diameter was found to be in the range of 1 mm to 12 mm. The jet breakup length was also shorter in comparison to S= 0 and 0.9 injectors. A second atomization zone was also observed at 2 and 5 diameters downstream of injector exist at spray edge and jet core respectively
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
Updated Cost And Performance Results for Natural Gas Combined Cycles (NGCC)
Updated cost and performance results are presented by NETL for both F and H Class turbines, presented at the Clearwater Clean Energy Conference in August, 2022. Results are presented for cases with and without 90% CO2 Capture. Preliminary results for high capture rates presented as well.
Fout, Timothy↗
Update to Techno-economic Analysis of BECCS Systems
Presentation of updated cost and performance results for coal and biomass co-firing in a pulverized coal power plant both with and without CO2 Capture at the Clearwater Clean Energy Conference. Update includes a 100% biomass fired case with and without capture.
Fout, Timothy↗
Comparison of Commercial, State-of-the-Art, Fossil-Based Hydrogen Production Technologies
Presentation describing NETL's public report entitled "Comparison of Commercial, State-of-the-Art, Fossil-Based Hydrogen Production Technologies" which features levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and greenhouse gas emissions from six cases (3 reforming and 3 gasification technology cases) as well as CO2 capture. One case also features coal/biomass co-gasification that targeted net-zero emissions.
Stevens, Robert↗
Economics of CCUS
High level overview of the performance and cost of post-combustion CO2 capture on pulverized coal and natural gas combined cycles in greenfield and retrofit applications. Includes effects of less than 90% capture as well.
Fout, Timothy↗
Pulsed Neutron Capture for monitoring CO2 Storage with Enhanced Oil Recovery in Northern Michigan
Pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logging has been used as part of the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) monitoring of CO2 injection and storage during assessment of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in several northern Niagaran trend reefs in Michigan. A total of four reefs were selected for these studies to monitor CO2 migration and to test the viability and effectiveness of the PNC technology on reefs in various stages (depleted, active and new reefs) of CO2-EOR activities.
Bagley↗
Metallic phase–free Zn-Al mixed oxide dual function materials enable high CO selectivity in reactive carbon capture from dilute CO2 streams
Not Available
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Photo-Reactive Amine-Based Direct Air Capture and Conversion of CO2
This study presents a novel photochemical approach to direct air capture (DAC) and CO2 conversion, utilizing a ruthenium-modified mesoporous TiO2 composite infused with linear polyethyleneimine (L-PEI) and enhanced by light absorbing and earth abundant titanium nitride (TiN). This light-activated system operates at ambient pressure and addresses long-standing challenges in conventional amine-based thermal reactive carbon capture (RCC), including amine degradation and CO2 slip. Our findings demonstrate that L-PEI effectively stabilizes CO2 adsorption and facilitates high-yield methanation over 50 cycles with a non-flammable forming gas mixture (approximately 5% H2). Comparatively, composites incorporating small-molecule amines exhibited poor stability under illumination, while highly mobilie branched PEI (B-PEI) formulations suffered from significant catalyst deactivation. A technoeconomic analysis suggests that methane synthesis via this platform could be achieved at costs below $5/kg under current electrocatalytic hydrogen pricing. These findings highlight the potential of this approach to enhance energy security by enabling decentralized, scalable fuel production from atmospheric CO2.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Machine Learned Force Field Modeling of Metal Organic Frameworks for CO2 Direct Air Capture
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a large class of porous materials and have garnered significant interest due to their large surface areas and their tunable physical and chemical properties. Numerous prior studies have been performed to screen large databases of this material class for promising DAC sorbent materials. These studies have often relied on classical model potentials. While density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been shown to be very accurate for modeling the interaction of CO2 with MOFs, such calculations are too computationally demanding for statistically significant adsorption predictions. To overcome this barrier, we developed methods for training models to achieve DFT-level accuracy for the forces and energies associated with MOF flexibility and CO2 adsorption using machine learned force fields (MLFFs). These methods were parametrized based on DFT calculations of CO2 in a flexible MOF and used to predict MOF structural properties as well as CO2 adsorption in several MOFs.
Findley, John↗
The Economic Accessibility of CO2 Sequestration through Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in the US
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is one strategy to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. To assess the potential scale and cost of CO2 sequestration from BECCS in the US, this analysis models carbon sequestration net of supply chain emissions and costs of biomass production, delivery, power generation, and CO2 capture and sequestration in saline formations. The analysis includes two biomass supply scenarios (near-term and long-term), two biomass logistics scenarios (conventional and pelletized), and two generation technologies (pulverized combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle). Results show marginal cost per tonne CO2 (accounting for costs of electricity and CO2 emissions of reference power generation scenarios) as a function of CO2 sequestered (simulating capture of up to 90% of total CO2 sequestration potential) and associated spatial distribution of resources and generation locations for the array of scenario options. Under a near-term scenario using up to 206 million tonnes per year of biomass, up to 181 million tonnes CO2 can be sequestered annually at scenario-average costs ranging from $62 to $137 per tonne CO2; under a long-term scenario using up to 740 million tonnes per year of biomass, up to 737 million tonnes CO2 can be sequestered annually at scenario-average costs ranging from $42 to $92 per tonne CO2. These estimates of CO2 sequestration potential may be reduced if future competing demand reduces resource availability or may be increased if displaced emissions from conventional power sources are included. Results suggest there are large-scale opportunities to implement BECCS at moderate cost in the US, particularly in the Midwest, Plains States, and Texas.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Sugar Derived Nanoporous Carbon Material for CO2 Direct Air Capture.
Abstract not provided.
Sanchez, Amanda↗
Directly-Spun Epoxy-Crosslinked PEI Chemisorption Fiber Sorbents (CHEFS) for Direct Air Capture (DAC) of CO2
2022 International Pittsburgh Coal conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 19-22, 2022
Wang, Qiuming↗
NETL’s Perspective on Storage Efficiency and CO2-SCREEN
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a process that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) by separating it from anthropogenic emissions sources before atmospheric release and storing that CO2 in deep geologic reservoirs. CCS is a powerful method for reducing anthropogenic CO2 which can ultimately diminish the effects of climate change. Prospective CO2 storage resource is the amount of carbon dioxide that can be stored in a given geologic formation typically given as a mass (e.g., metric tons). Obtaining accurate estimates of CO2 storage resources is necessary for governments and industries to make energy-related policy decisions. Researchers at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under the Department of Energy (DOE) developed a methods and a tool [CO2-SCREEN (Storage prospeCtive Resource Estimation Excel aNalysis) to estimate prospective carbon storage resources for saline formations, unconventional shale formations, and residual oil zones. The methods and tool provide CO2 storage and efficiency outputs in the form of probability estimates (i.e. P10 and P90) as well as partitioning storage and efficiency estimates based on storage mechanism (total, free phase, sorbed phase, and dissolution phase). This presentation will focus on how storage efficiency is calculated based on numerical modeling efforts, how it’s applied in the storage methods and tool, and then highlighting needs for future development.
Hanson, Angela Goodman↗
BETO 2021 Peer Review - Feasibility Study of Utilizing Electricity to Produce Intermediates from CO2 and Biomass
Capturing and converting CO2 generated from bioethanol facilities into valuable products, leveraging renewable electricity as the primary energy input, could increase overall biorefinery carbon utilization by as much as 40% and provide a means to decarbonize fuels and chemicals production. However, significant uncertainty exists around the costs, carbon intensity, risks, and technical challenges associated with electron-driven CO2 reduction. Thus, the overarching objective of this project is to guide existing and future research and development efforts by addressing these knowledge gaps for utilizing renewable electricity and CO2 to improve biorefinery economics and carbon utilization. By September 2023, this project will develop and publish a comprehensive design report for the integration of CO2 utilization into two existing conceptual biorefinery designs, which will include conceptual process models, pioneer and nth plant economics, identification and quantification of technological risks, and projections for future cost reductions.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗