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Resolving combinatorial ambiguities in dilepton t t ¯ event topologies with neural networks
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Measurement of the Cross Section for e + e − → Hadrons at Energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV
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Disentangling Centrality Bias and Final-State Effects in the Production of High-𝑝 𝑇 Neutral Pions Using Direct Photon in 𝑑+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Here, PHENIX presents a simultaneous measurement of the production of direct 𝛾 and 𝜋 0 in 𝑑 + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV over a 𝑝 𝑇 range of 7.5 to 18 GeV/𝑐 for different event samples selected by event activity, i.e., charged-particle multiplicity detected at forward rapidity. Direct-photon yields are used to empirically estimate the contribution of hard-scattering processes in the different event samples. Using this estimate, the average nuclear-modification factor, 𝑅$^{𝜋^0}_{dAu,EXP}$, is 0.925 ± 0.023(stat) ± 0.15(scale), consistent with unity for minimum-bias (MB) 𝑑+Au collisions. For event classes with low and moderate event activity, 𝑅$^{𝜋^0}_{dAu,EXP}$ is consistent with the MB value within 5% uncertainty. This result confirms that the previously observed enhancement of high-𝑝 𝑇 𝜋 0 production found in small-system collisions with low event activity is a result of a bias in interpreting event activity within the Glauber framework. In contrast, for the top 5% of events with the highest event activity, 𝑅$^{𝜋^0}_{dAu,EXP}$ is suppressed by 20% relative to the MB value with a significance of 4.5𝜎, which may be due to final-state effects. This suppression corresponds to a 𝑝 𝑇 shift of 𝛿𝑝 𝑇 = 0.213 ± 0.055 Gev/𝑐 at 9 Gev/𝑐.
Discovering Electroweak Interacting Dark Matter at Muon Colliders Using Soft Tracks
Minimal dark matter models feature one neutral particle that serves as a thermal relic dark matter candidate, as well as quasidegenerate charged states with TeV masses. When the charged states are produced at colliders, they can decay into dark matter and a low-momentum (soft) charged particle, which is challenging to reconstruct at hadron colliders. We demonstrate that a 3 TeV muon collider is capable of detecting these soft tracks, enabling the discovery of thermal Higgsinos and similar dark matter candidates that constitute highly motivated scenarios for future collider searches. Published by the American Physical Society 2025
Neuro-Spark: A Submicrosecond Spiking Neural Networks Architecture for In-Sensor Filtering
Neuro-Spark, which is a new neuromorphic architecture with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation for ultrafast spiking neural network (SNN) inference at the edge, facilitates smart-pixel in-sensor filtering for high-energy physics experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Utilizing the evolutionary optimization for neuromorphic systems (EONS) training method, we generate compact SNN models with 91% signal efficiency, akin to convolutional neural networks but with half the parameters. However, deploying near the detector poses a challenge because the SNN must handle a sustained input data rate exceeding 1013 GB/s. To overcome this, we propose a novel hardware architecture that uses high-level synthesis to construct a tuned architecture for the EONS-trained SNN. In addition to the analysis and validation with an AMD Xilinx Artix-A7 FPGA, our solution consumes only ç24% of FPGA LUT and flipflops. We also introduce an innovative quantization method that reduces FPGA resource utilization by ç15% without compromising accuracy. Our FPGA implementation achieves computing latency of ç10 ns for smart-pixel application inference on an edge FPGA.
Current status of conceptual horizontal splitter design for FFA@CEBAF energy Upgrade
Jefferson Lab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) is currently investigating the feasibility of upgrading its maximum operating energy using Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) recirculating arcs to increase the total number of recirculations of the beam through the pair of LINACs. These FFA arcs will be composed of permanent magnets, with small Panofsky-style multipole correctors. In order to control the beam parameters through these FFA arcs, horizontal splitters must be used. The geometrical and physical constraints, as well as the beam matching requirements are very restrictive, complicating the design. This work will show the current status of the most mature design, which includes matching solutions, as well as options for extraction of the beam.
TF07 Snowmass Report: Theory of Collider Phenomena
Theoretical research has long played an essential role in interpreting data from high-energy particle colliders and motivating new accelerators to advance the energy and precision frontiers. Collider phenomenology is an essential interface between theoretical models and experimental observations, since theoretical studies inspire experimental analyses while experimental results sharpen theoretical ideas. This report -- from the Snowmass 2021 Theory Frontier topical group for Collider Phenomenology (TF07) -- showcases the dynamism, engagement, and motivations of collider phenomenologists by exposing selected exciting new directions and establishing key connections between cutting-edge theoretical advances and current and future experimental opportunities. By investing in collider phenomenology, the high-energy physics community can help ensure that theoretical advances are translated into concrete tools that enable and enhance current and future experiments, and in turn, experimental results feed into a more complete theoretical understanding and motivate new questions and explorations.
High Gradient and Q-factor SRF Performance at 1.3 GHz and 650 MHz
This presentation discusses recent advances in R&D on 1.3 GHz and 650 MHz bulk niobium SRF cavities. These findings are related to potential applications in the first muon collider.
R.U.N. Motion VR Boots: Realistic Unimpeded Natural (RUN) Motion Boots for VR gaming in the comfort of your home
Virtual reality (VR) gaming has experienced increasingly widespread adoption in recent years largely due to the development of affordable, consumer-grade headsets equipped with high quality, miniature displays and compact sensors for motion tracking. These devices are now able to provide users with immersive experiences that far surpass what traditional video games can achieve. However, despite these technological strides, a fundamental limitation remains: VR users are unable to move freely in their physical environment without the risk of colliding with real-world obstacles and hazards. This safety concern significantly restricts the level of immersion and natural movement possible in VR gaming.
Tachyon: Intelligent Multi-Scale Modeling of Distributed Resilient Infrastructure and Workflows for Data Intensive HEP Analyses
The DOE High Energy Physics (HEP) program in Neutrino and Collider science drives data-intensive science and simulation on extreme-scale platforms. Modeling and optimizing the complex distributed components from experimental to leadership computing facilities are essential for HEP workflows to achieve required response times and resilience under various conditions. Tachyon proposes a framework for scalable modeling, simulation, and validation of key performance characteristics for the distributed infrastructure between FNAL and ALCF, along with associated HEP workflows.
Tachyon: Intelligent Multi-Scale Modeling of Distributed Resilient Infrastructure and Workflows for Data Intensive HEP Analyses
The DOE High Energy Physics (HEP) program in Neutrino and Collider science drives data-intensive science and simulation on extreme-scale platforms. Modeling and optimizing the complex distributed components from experimental to leadership computing facilities are essential for HEP workflows to achieve required response times and resilience under various conditions. Tachyon proposes a framework for scalable modeling, simulation, and validation of key performance characteristics for the distributed infrastructure between FNAL and ALCF, along with associated HEP workflows.
TF07 Snowmass Report: Theory of Collider Phenomena
Theoretical research has long played an essential role in interpreting data from high-energy particle colliders and motivating new accelerators to advance the energy and precision frontiers. Collider phenomenology is an essential interface between theoretical models and experimental observations, since theoretical studies inspire experimental analyses while experimental results sharpen theoretical ideas. Here, this report -- from the Snowmass 2021 Theory Frontier topical group for Collider Phenomenology (TF07) -- showcases the dynamism, engagement, and motivations of collider phenomenologists by exposing selected exciting new directions and establishing key connections between cutting-edge theoretical advances and current and future experimental opportunities. By investing in collider phenomenology, the high-energy physics community can help ensure that theoretical advances are translated into concrete tools that enable and enhance current and future experiments, and in turn, experimental results feed into a more complete theoretical understanding and motivate new questions and explorations.
Accelerator Technologies and Science: Progress and Outlook
For over half a century, high-energy particle accelerators play a key role and shape modern nuclear and particle physics, they are also the instruments at the forefront of research for material science and biology. The physics needs continuously push us to invent novel ways to increase energy and improve the performance of accelerators, reduce their cost and make them more power-efficient. Here we briefly overview the most notable accelerator facilities which recently became operational and are now employed for research in nuclear physics, basic energy sciences, neutrinos, high energy particle frontier. We also present upcoming and planned future facilities and outline their main goals, challenges, and required R&D. Focus will be given to the core accelerator technologies such as magnets, RF acceleration, and targets as we as leading beam physics developments such as beam cooling, colliding beams and plasma acceleration.
Magnets for a Muon Collider—Needs and Plans
We describe the magnet challenges for a Muon Collider, an exciting option considered for the future of particle physics at the energy frontier. Starting from the comprehensive work performed by the US Muon Accelerator Program, we have reviewed the performance specifications dictated by beam physics and the operating conditions to satisfy the accelerator needs. Among the many magnets that make up a muon collider, we have identified four systems that represent well the envelope of challenges: the target and capture solenoid, the final cooling solenoid, the accelerator dipoles and the collider dipoles. These systems provide focus for the development of novel concepts, largely based on HTS for reasons of performance, cost and sustainability. After giving a consolidated overview of the needs for the magnet systems, we describe here the basic technology options considered, and the plan for design and development activities.
Intelligent experiments through real-time AI: Fast Data Processing and Autonomous Detector Control for sPHENIX and future EIC detectors (Phase-I)
With an ever increasing demand for high precision data from modern detectors for discovery science and precision measurements, all major high energy nuclear and particle experiments, current and future, are facing the challenge on how to deal with the large volume of raw data generated from sophisticated state-of-the-art detectors in high rate collisions. These goals need to be balanced with available hardware and cost limits on DAQ (Data AcQuisition system) bandwidth and offline computing resources to capture, store and process the signal events. Two prototypical examples are the upcoming sPHENIX experiment, the DOE next generation heavy ion physics experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL, and the future EIC experiments that are planned to be online circa 2030.
Upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a phenomenon that arises from the QCD anomaly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The experimental search for its evidence has been one of the key goals of the physics program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The STAR Collaboration has previously presented the results of a blind analysis of isobar collisions ( Ru 44 96 + Ru 44 96 , Zr 40 96 + Zr 40 96 ) in the search for the CME. The isobar ratio ( Y ) of CME-sensitive observable, charge separation scaled by elliptic anisotropy, is close to but systematically larger than the inverse multiplicity ratio, the naive background baseline. This indicates the potential existence of a CME signal and the presence of remaining nonflow background due to two- and three-particle correlations, which are different between the isobars. In this postblind analysis, we estimate the contributions from those nonflow correlations as a background baseline to Y , utilizing the isobar data as well as Heavy Ion Jet Interaction Generator simulations. This baseline is found consistent with the isobar ratio measurement, and an upper limit of 10% at 95% confidence level is extracted for the CME fraction in the charge separation measurement in isobar collisions at s NN = 200 GeV. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Transverse-energy-energy correlations in deep inelastic scattering
Event shape observables have been widely used for precision QCD studies at various lepton and hadron colliders. We present the most accurate calculation of the transverse-energy-energy correlation event shape variable in deep-inelastic scattering. In the framework of soft-collinear effective theory the cross section is factorized as the convolution of the hard function, beam function, jet function and soft function in the back-to-back limit. A close connection to TMD factorization is established, as the beam function when combined with part of the soft function is identical to the conventional TMD parton distribution function, and the jet function is the second moment of the TMD fragmentation function matching coefficient. We validate our framework by comparing the obtained LO and NLO leading singular distributions to the full QCD calculations in the back-to-back limit. We report the resummed transverse-energy-energy correlation distributions up to N 3 LL accuracy matched with the NLO cross section for the production of a lepton and two jets. Our work provides a new way to precisely study TMD physics at the future Electron-Ion Collider.