An intensity and uniformity monitor for solar simulators.
Intensity and uniformity monitor for solar simulators using thermopile as detector
MONITOR↗
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Results for “Detector simulation”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Temperature dependence of penetration depth in thin film niobium
A novel technique is presented which should allow precise determination of the temperature dependence of the inductance, and hence of the penetration depth, of superconducting niobium thin-film structures. Four niobium thin-film stripline inductors are arranged in a bridge configuration, and inductance differences are measured using a potentiometric technique with a SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) as the null detector. Numerical simulations of the stripline inductances are presented which allow the performance of the measurement technique to be evaluated. The prediction of the two-fluid model for the penetration-depth temperature dependence is given for reduced temperatures of 0.3 to 0.9. The experimental apparatus and its resolution and accuracy are discussed.
More, N.↗
HEAO 1 A-2 low-energy detector X-ray spectra of the Cygnus Loop
The Cygnus Loop supernova remnant was observed by the A-2 low-energy detector (LED) proportional counters on the HEAO 1 satellite. Recent improvements to the non-X-ray background rejection and detector response simulation have allowed production of the most accurate spectra of the Cygnus Loop to date. Three separate regions of the Cygnus Loop were observed. Single-temperature, Raymond-Smith models are inadequate to describe the spectra, but two component model fits are good. Temperature, column density, and emission measure variations across the Cygnus Loop are found. These results are interpreted and compared with previous work.
Leahy, D. A.↗
HEAO-1 analysis of Low Energy Detectors (LED)
The activities at Penn State University are described. During the period Oct. 1990 to Dec. 1991 work on HEAO-1 analysis of the Low Energy Detectors (LED) concentrated on using the improved detector spectral simulation model and fitting diffuse x-ray background spectral data. Spectral fitting results, x-ray point sources, and diffuse x-ray sources are described.
Nousek, John A.↗
LDCM Preliminary Thermal Trades
The expected cost of adding thermal bands to the next generation Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) could be significant. This viewgraph presentation investigates both traditional cooled cross-track scanners and new architectures (cooled and uncooled) which could enable a low cost thermal capability. The presentation includes surveys of applications of Landsat thermal data and the architecture of thermal instruments. It also covers new thermal architecture sensor trades, ALI Architecture with Uncooled TIR Detectors, and simulated thermal imagery.
Ryan, Robert↗
Sensor And Method For Detecting A Superstrate
Method and apparatus are provided for determining a superstrate on or near a sensor, e.g., for detecting the presence of an ice superstrate on an airplane wing or a road. In one preferred embodiment, multiple measurement cells are disposed along a transmission line. While the present invention is operable with different types of transmission lines, construction details for a presently preferred coplanar waveguide and a microstrip waveguide are disclosed. A computer simulation is provided as part of the invention for predicting results of a simulated superstrate detector system. The measurement cells may be physically partitioned, nonphysically partitioned with software or firmware, or include a combination of different types of partitions. In one embodiment, a plurality of transmission lines are utilized wherein each transmission line includes a plurality of measurement cells. The plurality of transmission lines may be multiplexed with the signal from each transmission line being applied to the same phase detector. In one embodiment, an inverse problem method is applied to determine the superstrate dielectric for a transmission line with multiple measurement cells.
Arndt, G. Dickey↗
MCNP & DRiFT Simulation of the NEUANCE Stilbene Detector Array
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Pinilla, Maria Isabel↗
Temporal and Spatial Shaping of X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers
The x-ray free-electron laser is the brightest source of x-rays, with a peak brightness ten orders of magnitude higher than conventional synchrotron radiation sources. Much like conventional lasers, XFELs are extremely flexible machines and the properties of the x-rays can be controlled by accurately manipulating the lasing medium, i.e. the electron beam. In my talk I will discuss past and present research on shaping the temporal properties of the x-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). I will discuss the two-color FEL modes and their applications in user experiments. Finally I will present our results on laser-shaping of x-ray pulses and our plans for attosecond operation in the soft x-ray regime.
ion, electron, laser, simulation, detector↗
Comparison of Measured and Simulated Neutron Counting with 3He Detectors and the Subcritical Water-Moderated UO2 7uPCX Assembly
An experiment designed to compare neutron noise analysis techniques on subcritical assemblies using differing neutron detector designs was developed as a collaborative effort between the Institut de radioprotection et de surete nucleaire (IRSN), Los Alamos (LANL), Lawrence Livermore (LLNL), and Sandia National Laboratories. This experiment has the final goal of characterizing neutron noise analysis accuracy in determining multiplication in light water systems for various neutron detection systems. This experiment utilized the Seven Percent Critical Experiment (7uPCX) facility at Sandia National Laboratories. The 7uPCX is an assembly designed to investigate light water systems with fuel enrichment above 5% and is able to use square or hex grid plates with varying pitches.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Machine Learning for DUNE Supernova Trigger
One of the major scientific goals of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to detect and measure the neutrino flux from galactic core-collapse supernovae. These neutrinos, which exist in the low energy range of up to a few tens of MeV and are responsible for carrying away over 99% of the gravitational binding energy of the supernova, provide an opportunity to study the end of life evolution of massive stars, as well as unique properties and interactions of neutrinos. Because galactic supernovae are expected to occur only on the timespan of every few decades, it is crucial that DUNE is able to detect supernova neutrino interactions when they occur. However, detecting these supernova interactions requires sifting through a large amount of data, and DUNE detectors require a trigger to signal when supernova neutrino events occur. Machine learning provides a potential approach to creating this trigger. This project generates ADC and ground truth images of neutrino interactions in a LArTPC detector as simulated by the Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields (MARLEY) to be used for machine learning. The eventual goal of this work is to facilitate DUNE s detection of supernova neutrino interactions by building a machine learning pipeline to train the trigger algorithm.
Damish, Stephanie↗
DRiFT - Release 2.1.0: Organic Scintillators and Gas Detectors
DRiFT (a Detector Response Function Toolkit) is LANL-developed software that post-processes output from the extensively validated radiation transport code, MCNP, and generates realistic nuclear instrumentation response. DRiFT is designed to be flexible, enabling users to specify detector type and many experimental settings, as well as accommodating the addition of their own desired features. The focus of this release is on organic scintillator, gas detector, and associated capabilities, while semiconductor features are still under development. Organic scintillators are widely used in the areas of nuclear safeguards and nuclear non-proliferation efforts. DRiFT has several diagnostic and detector physics features relevant to detailed scintillator simulations including: tracking source particle information, scintillation light production, the effects of PMT quantum efficiency and gain, and digitizer settings. Users can select responses from many scintillator and PMT types supported natively by DRiFT, or add their own by following the instructions in this document. DRiFT also has several diagnostic and detector physics features relevant to neutron gas detector simulations including: gas detector wall effects, inactive areas at the end of detector tubes, and effects of a preamplifier. We acknowledge that DRiFT is under active development, bug reports and general questions and comments should be directed to Madison Andrews, madison@lanl.gov. This manual is divided into four parts: I) An overview of DRiFT, including how to obtain and install the executable, II) A description of the detector physics related to scintillators available, III) a description of more general DRiFT features the user may find useful, and IV) a description of the test suite and examples made available with the code release.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Monte Carlo Simulation of Background and Source Measurements with CSG and CAD Geometries
Detecting radioactive sources in an urban environment is difficult due to the large magnitude and variability of the background radiation. To support the search mission of the National Nuclear Security Administration, a project was undertaken to determine if first-principles modeling and simulation could be used to accurately predict the response of radiation detectors in urban environments. This study demonstrates that the simulated detector responses to photon radiation from both an isotopic source and the background compare well to benchmark-quality measurements in a large urban-like test environment. Simulation results using a traditional combinatorial solid geometry and a CAD model generated from LiDAR measurements gave very similar detector responses. With this validation, further simulations could be used to predict detector responses for various situations in real urban settings.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Intelligent Detector Design
As the complexity and resolution of imaging detectors increases, the need for detailed simulation of the experimental setup also becomes more important. Designing the detectors requires efficient tools to simulate the detector response and reconstruct the events. We have developed efficient and flexible tools for detailed physics and detector response simulation as well as event reconstruction and analysis. The primary goal has been to develop a software toolkit and computing infrastructure to allow physicists from universities and labs to quickly and easily conduct physics analyses and contribute to detector research and development. The application harnesses the full power of the Geant4 toolkit without requiring the end user to have any experience with either Geant4 or C++, thereby allowing the user to concentrate on the physics of the detector system.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Machine-Induced Showers Entering the Atlas and CMS Detectors in the LHC
One source of experimental background in the LHC is showers induced by particles hitting the upstream collimators or particles that have been scattered on the residual gas. We estimate the flux and distribution of particles entering the ATLAS and CMS detectors through FLUKA simulations starting either in the tertiary collimators or with inelastic beam-gas interactions. Comparisons to MARS15 results are also presented. Our results can be used as a source term for further simulations of the machine-induced background in the experimental detectors. To ensure optimal performance of the LHC experimental detectors, it is important to understand the background, which can come fromseveral sources. In this article we discuss machine-induced background, caused either by nearby beam losses or interactions between beam particles and the residual gas inside the vacuum pipe. Beam losses outside the experimental interaction regions (IRs) are unavoidable during collider operation. The halo is continuously repopulated and has to be cleaned by the collimation system, so that the losses in the cold magnets are kept at a safe level. The collimation system is located in two dedicated insertions (IR3 and IR7) but a small leakage of secondary and tertiary halo is expected to escape. Some particles make it to the experimental IRs, where they are intercepted by tertiary collimators (TCTs) that are installed in order to protect the inner triplet magnets. Some parts of the induced high-energy shower can escape and propagate into the detectors. Another source of background is beam-gas interactions. Beam protons can scatter elastically or inelastically on residual gas molecules. If an inelastic interaction occurs close to the detector, it causes a shower that could reach the detector. Elastic interactions can scatter protons directly onto the TCTs without passing IR7, which has to be treated separately from the beam-halo losses discussed above. Machine-induced background can also originate from a cross-talk between different IPs. In this article we focus on beam-halo losses and inelastic beam-gas interactions two LHC experiments: ATLAS in IR1 and CMS in IR5. We compare also to previous results. We simulate the machine-induced showers propagating through the interaction region up to an interface plane between the machine and the detector, which is defined to be at 22.6m from the interaction point (IP) along the beam direction. The coordinates and momenta of the particles crossing this plane are recorded and can be used as a source term for further simulations of the detector itself. The interface plane extends to 30 m radially, although 99% of the total energy was found within a 2.5 m radius in the simulations.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
LArSoft: Toolkit for Simulation, Reconstruction and Analysis of Liquid Argon TPC Neutrino Detectors
LArSoft is a set of detector-independent software tools for the simulation, reconstruction and analysis of data from liquid argon (LAr) neutrino experiments The common features of LAr time projection chambers (TPCs) enable sharing of algorithm code across detectors of very dierent size and conguration. LArSoft is currently used in production simulation and reconstruction by the ArgoNeuT, DUNE, LArIAT, MicroBooNE, and SBND experiments. The software suite oers a wide selection of algorithms and utilities, including those for associated photo-detectors and the handling of auxiliary detectors outside the TPCs. Available algorithms cover the full range of simulation and reconstruction, from raw waveforms to high- level reconstructed objects, event topologies and classication. The common code within LArSoft is contributed by adopting experiments, which also provide detector-specic geometry descriptions, and code for the treatment of electronic signals. LArSoft is also a collaboration of experiments, Fermilab and associated software projects which cooperate in setting requirements, priorities, and schedules. In this talk, we outline the general architecture of the software and the interaction with external libraries and detector-specic code. We also describe the dynamics of LArSoft software development between the contributing experiments, the projects supporting the software infrastructure LArSoft relies on, and the core LArSoft support project.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Improved heavy-ion PID using scintillation light detector with neural network analysis: a Monte Carlo simulation study
The photon collection efficiency of gaseous scintillator detectors varies according to the position of the impinging charged particles in the medium that generates scintillation light. Thus, when impinging particles are distributed over a large area, the intrinsic photon-number resolution of the system is affected by a large variation. This work presents and discusses a method for adjusting the total number of detected photons to account for variation in the photon collection efficiency as a function of the position of the light source within the scintillating medium. The method was developed and validated by processing data from systematic simulation studies based on GEANT4 that model the response of the Energy Loss Optical Scintillation System (ELOSS) detector. The position of the charged particle is calculated using a deep neural network algorithm. This is accomplished by analyzing the distribution of scintillation light recorded by the array of photosensors. The estimated particle position is then used to calculate the correction factor and adjust the amount of captured light to account for variations in the photon collection efficiency. The neural network algorithm provides excellent tracking capabilities, achieving sub-millimeter position resolution and an angular resolution of 12 mrad, approaching the performance of traditional tracking detectors (e.g., drift chambers). The present method can be generalized to any optical scintillation system where the photon collection efficiency depends on the position of the impinging particle.
Heavy-ion detectors↗
Analytical modeling and numerical simulation of the short-wave infrared electron-injection detectors
This paper describes comprehensive analytical and simulation models for the design and optimization of the electron-injection based detectors. The electron-injection detectors evaluated here operate in the short-wave infrared range and utilize a type-II band alignment in InP/GaAsSb/InGaAs material system. The unique geometry of detectors along with an inherent negative-feedback mechanism in the device allows for achieving high internal avalanche-free amplifications without any excess noise. Physics-based closed-form analytical models are derived for the detector rise time and dark current. Our optical gain model takes into account the drop in the optical gain at high optical power levels. Furthermore, numerical simulation studies of the electrical characteristics of the device show good agreement with our analytical models as well experimental data. Performance comparison between devices with different injector sizes shows that enhancement in the gain and speed is anticipated by reducing the injector size. Sensitivity analysis for the key detector parameters shows the relative importance of each parameter. The results of this study may provide useful information and guidelines for development of future electron-injection based detectors as well as other heterojunction photodetectors.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
GPU-Accelerated Analytic Simulation of Sparse Ionization Signal Formation in Pixelated Projection Detector
This paper presents a GPU-accelerated simulation package, TRED, for next-generation neutrino detectors with pixelated charge readout, leveraging community-driven software ecosystems to ensure adaptability and extensibility. We introduce two generic contributions: (i) an effective-charge representation based on Gaussian quadrature rules, in which the linear- interpolation factors for the field response inside each voxel are absorbed into the effective charge, and (ii) a sparse, block- binned tensor representation that enables efficient FFT-based computation of induced signals on readout electrodes for sparsely activated detector volumes. The former captures structure inside a voxel without dense sampling, while the latter achieves low memory usage and scalable runtime, as demonstrated in bench- mark studies. The underlying data representation is applicable to large-scale detectors and to other computational problems involving sparse activity.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗