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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20

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NASA NTRS1974

The effect of heat treatment and test parameters on the aqueous stress corrosion cracking of D6AC steel

The crack growth behavior of D6AC steel as a function of stress intensity, stress and corrosion history and test technique, under sustained load in natural seawater, 3.3 percent NaCl solution, distilled water, and high humidity air was investigated. Reported investigations of D6AC were considered with emphasis on thermal treatment, specimen configuration, fracture toughness, crack-growth rates, initiation period, threshold, and the extension of corrosion fatigue data to sustained load conditions. Stress history effects were found to be most important in that they controlled incubation period, initial crack growth rates, and apparent threshold.

Gilbreath, W. P.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Sample 67955 - A description and a problem

Clasts in breccia sample 67955 contain relatively coarse olivine and plagioclase in part enveloped by poikilitic hypersthene and diopside. This distinctive texture is concluded to result from high temperature crystallization in the presence of a fluid phase, probably a silicate melt. A problem posed by this rock is whether the bulk chemistry, characterized by a high Mg/Fe ratio but low total Fe + Mg, is the result of primary igneous processes on the moon or whether it is the residual end product of a multiple distillation process resulting from repeated meteorite impacts.

Hollister, L. S.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Integrated water and waste management system for future spacecraft

Over 200 days of continuous testing have been completed on an integrated waste management-water recovery system developed by General Electric under a jointly funded AEC/NASA/AF Contract. The 4 man system provides urine, feces, and trash collection; water reclamation; storage, heating and dispensing of the water; storage and disposal of the feces and urine residue and all of other nonmetallic waste material by incineration. The heat required for the 1200 deg F purification processes is provided by a single 420-w radioisotope heater. A second 836-w radioisotope heater supplemented by 720 w of electrical heat provides for distillation and water heating. Significant test results are no pre-or-post treatment, greater than 98 per cent potable water recovery, approximately 95 per cent reduction in solids weight and volume, all outflows are sterile with the water having no bacteria or virus, and the radioisotope capsule radiation level is only 7.9 mrem/hr unshielded at 1 m (neutrons and gamma).

Ingelfinger, A. L.↗

NASA NTRS1974

High speed photographic study of hot wire dynamic behavior

Investigation of hot wire dynamic behavior under high-current heating aimed at a better understanding of the ignition process, using high-speed photographic techniques for visual observation of the bridgewire itself during high current heating. Tests were conducted with Tophet A bridgewires in an air environment, as well as in a cell of distilled water at room temperature, and with a boron-potassium perchlorate-Viton pyrotechnic against the bridgewire behind a Plexiglas window.

Sernas, V.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Method of producing a storage bulb for an atomic hydrogen maser

A storage bulb for an atomic hydrogen maser is produced by coating its internal surface with an emulsion containing both TFE and FEP particles. The emulsion is produced by mixing a first quantity of TFE in an aqueous dispersion with a second quantity of FEP in an aqueous dispersion, with a third quantity of distilled water. The emulsion is poured into the bulb to coat it uniformly so as to form a thin film of emulsion on the bulb's internal surface. After excess emulsion is drained out of the bulb the emulsion in the bulb is dried to remove the water and most of the aqueous matter therefrom. The remaining emulsion is then cured by heating the bulb to a temperature of at least 380 C.

Erpenbach, H.↗

NASA NTRS1974

An evaluation: The potential of discarded tires as a source of fuel

The destructive distillation of rubber tire samples was studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, combustion calorimetry, and mass spectroscopy. The decomposition reaction was found to be exothermic and produced a mass loss of 65 percent. The gas evolution curves that were obtained indicate that a variety of organic materials are evolved simultaneously during the decomposition of the rubber polymer.

Collins, L. W.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Bonding of sapphire to sapphire by eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide

Bonding of an element comprising sapphire, ruby or blue sapphire to another element of such material with a eutectic mixture of aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide is discussed. The bonding mixture may be applied in the form of a distilled water slurry or by electron beam vapor deposition. In one embodiment the eutectic is formed in situ by applying a layer of zirconium oxide and then heating the assembly to a temperature above the eutectic temperature and below the melting point of the material from which the elements are formed. The formation of a sapphire rubidium maser cell utilizing eutectic bonding is shown.

Deluca, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Water hyacinths for removal of phenols from polluted waters

Removal of phenol by water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) in static water was investigated. 2.75 g dry weight of this aquatic plant demonstrated the ability to absorb 100 mg of phenol per plant per 72 hours from distilled water, river water, and bayou water. One hectare of water hyacinth plants is shown to be potentially capable of removing 160 kg of phenol per 72 hours from waters polluted with this chemical.

Wolverton, B. C.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Oxygen reduction of several gold alloys in 1-molar potassium hydroxide

With rotated disk-and-ring equipment, polarograms and other electrochemical measurements were made of oxygen reduction in 1-molar potassium hydroxide on an equiatomic gold-copper (Au-Cu) alloy and a Au-Cu alloy doped with either indium (In) or cobalt (Co) and on Au doped with either nickel (Ni) or platinum (Pt). The results were compared with those for pure Au and pure Pt. The two-electron reaction dominated on all Au alloys as it did on Au. The polarographic results at lower polarization potentials were compared, assuming exclusively a two-step reduction. A qualified ranking of cathodic electrocatalytic activity on the freshly polished reduced disks was indicated: anodized Au Au-Cu-In Au-Cu Au-Cu-Co is equivalent or equal to Au-Pt Au-Ni. Aging in distilled water improved the electrocatalytic efficiency of Au-Cu-Co, Au-Cu, and (to a lesser extent) Au-Cu-In.

Miller, R. O.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Preliminary results of geothermal desalting operations at the East Mesa test site Imperial Valley, California

The Bureau of Reclamation has erected at its Geothermal Resource Development site two experimental test vehicles for the purpose of desalting hot fluids of geothermal origin. Both plants have as a feed source geothermal well Mesa 6-1 drilled to a total depth of 8,030 feet and having a bottom hole temperature of 400 F. Formation fluid collected at the surface contained 24,800 mg/1 total dissolved solids. The dissolved solids consist mainly of sodium chloride. A multistage distillation (3-stage) plant has been operated intermittently for one year with no operational problems. Functioning at steady-state conditions with a liquid feed rate of 70 g/m and a temperature of 221 F, the final brine blowdown temperature was 169 F. Product water was produced at a rate of about 2 g/m; average total dissolved solids content of the product was 170 mg/1. A product quality of 27.5 mg/1 at a pH of 9.5 was produced from the first stage.

Suemoto, S. H.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Environmental crack-growth behavior of high strength pressure vessel alloys

Results of sustained-load environmental crack growth threshold tests performed on six spacecraft pressure vessel alloys are presented. The alloys were Inconel 718, 6Al-4V titanium, A-286 steel, AM-350 stainless steel, cryoformed AISI 301 stainless steel; and cryoformed AISI 304L steel. The test environments for the program were air, pressurized gases of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, and liquid environments of distilled water, sea water, nitrogen tetroxide, hydrazine, aerozine 50, monomethyl hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide. Surface flaw type specimens were used with flaws located in both base metal and weld metal.

Forman, R. G.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Water hyacinths and alligator weeds for removal of lead and mercury from polluted waters

Removal of lead and mercury by water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) (Mart.) Solms and alligator weeds (Alternanthera philoxeroides) (Mart.) Griesb. was investigated. Water hyacinths demonstrated the ability to remove 0.176 mg of lead and 0.150 mg of mercury per gram of dry plant material from distilled water and river water in a 24-hour period. One acre of water hyacinths is potentially capable of removing 105.6 grams of lead and 90.0 grams of mercury per day. Alligator weeds removed 0.101 mg of lead per gram of dry plant material in a 24-hour period. This same plant also demonstrated the ability to remove a minimum of 0.153 mg of mercury per gram of dry plant material in a six hour period.

Wolverton, B. C.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Application of LANDSAT to the surveillance and control of lake eutrophication in the Great Lakes basin

The author has identified the following significant results. By use of distilled water samples in the laboratory, and very clear lakes in the field, a technique was developed where the atmosphere and surface noise effects on LANDSAT signals from water bodies can be removed. The residual signal dependent only on the material in water was used as a basis for computer categorization of lakes by type and concentration of suspended material. Several hundred lakes in the Madison and Spooner, Wisconsin area were categorized by computer techniques for tannin or nontannin waters and for the degree of algae, silt, weeds, and bottom effects present. When the lakes are categorized as having living algae or weeds, their concentration is related to the enrichment or eutrophication of the lake.

Rogers, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1974

A new mechanism of failure on polymers

Transparent laminates containing imbedded crystals of various ionic and nonionic substances were prepared and their swelling in distilled water was observed. It was found that under certain conditions, disk-shaped cracks formed around the swollen pockets containing a dissolving crystal. Such cracks can form before equilibrium swelling is reached and may severely damage the elastomer.

Fedors, R. F.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Potable water recovery for spacecraft application by electrolytic pretreatment/air evaporation

A process for the recovery of potable water from urine using electrolytic pretreatment followed by distillation in a closed-cycle air evaporator has been developed and tested. Both the electrolytic pretreatment unit and the air evaporation unit are six-person, flight-concept prototype, automated units. Significantly extended wick lifetimes have been achieved in the air evaporation unit using electrolytically pretreated, as opposed to chemically pretreated, urine feed. Parametric test data are presented on product water quality, wick life, process power, maintenance requirements, and expendable requirements.

Wells, G. W.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Development of an advanced spacecraft water and waste materials processing system

An Integrated Waste Management-Water System (WM-WS) which uses radioisotopes for thermal energy is described and results of its trial in a 4-man, 180 day simulated space mission are presented. It collects urine, feces, trash, and wash water in zero gravity, processes the wastes to a common evaporator, distills and catalytically purifies the water, and separates and incinerates the solid residues using little oxygen and no chemical additives or expendable filters. Technical details on all subsystems are given along with performance specifications. Data on recovered water and heat loss obtained in test trials are presented. The closed loop incinerator and other projects underway to increase system efficiency and capacity are discussed.

Murray, R. W.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Cleaning large tanks and gas bottles

Distillation technique using vapor solvent trichloromonofluoromethane is economical, effective, and eliminates need to enter tank, thus reducing risk of further contamination. Solvent can be purified for reuse.

Smith, I. D.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Detection of surface impurities on processed metals

Method is based on measurements of electrical conductivity through layer of distilled water that has been deposited on metal surface. Conductivity is measured for 15-30 minute period, which is sufficient time to allow surface impurities to dissolve in water.

Kenkel, J. V.↗