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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Integrated horn antennas for millimeter-wave applications

The development of integrated horn antennas since their introduction in 1987 is reviewed. The integrated horn is fabricated by suspending a dipole antenna, on a thin dielectric membrane, in a pyramidal cavity etched in silicon. Recent progress has resulted in optimized low- and high-gain designs, with single and double polarization for remote-sensing and communication applications. A full-wave analysis technique has resulted in an integrated antenna with performance comparable to that of waveguide-fed corrugated-horn antennas. The integrated horn design can be extended to large arrays, for imaging and phased-array applications, while leaving plenty of room for the RF and IF processing circuitry. Theoretical and experimental results at microwave frequencies and at 90 GHz, 240 GHz, and 802 GHz are presented.

Rebeiz, Gabriel M.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz

Quasilinear turbulent transport models are a successful tool for prediction of core tokamak plasma profiles in many regimes. Their success hinges on the reproduction of local nonlinear gyrokinetic fluxes. We focus on significant progress in the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz (Bourdelle et al 2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 014036), which employs an approximated solution of the mode structures to significantly speed up computation time compared to full linear gyrokinetic solvers. Optimisation of the dispersion relation solution algorithm within integrated modelling applications leads to flux calculations $\times {10}^{6-7}$ faster than local nonlinear simulations. This allows tractable simulation of flux-driven dynamic profile evolution including all transport channels: ion and electron heat, main particles, impurities, and momentum. Furthermore, QuaLiKiz now includes the impact of rotation and temperature anisotropy induced poloidal asymmetry on heavy impurity transport, important for W-transport applications. Application within the JETTO integrated modelling code results in 1 s of JET plasma simulation within 10 h using 10 CPUs. Simultaneous predictions of core density, temperature, and toroidal rotation profiles for both JET hybrid and baseline experiments are presented, covering both ion and electron turbulence scales. The simulations are successfully compared to measured profiles, with agreement mostly in the 5%–25% range according to standard figures of merit. QuaLiKiz is now open source and available at www.qualikiz.com.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS2012

Flexible Architecture for FPGAs in Embedded Systems

Commonly, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) being developed in cPCI embedded systems include the bus interface in the FPGA. This complicates the development because the interface is complicated and requires a lot of development time and FPGA resources. In addition, flight qualification requires a substantial amount of time be devoted to just this interface. Another complication of putting the cPCI interface into the FPGA being developed is that configuration information loaded into the device by the cPCI microprocessor is lost when a new bit file is loaded, requiring cumbersome operations to return the system to an operational state. Finally, SRAM-based FPGAs are typically programmed via specialized cables and software, with programming files being loaded either directly into the FPGA, or into PROM devices. This can be cumbersome when doing FPGA development in an embedded environment, and does not have an easy path to flight. Currently, FPGAs used in space applications are usually programmed via multiple space-qualified PROM devices that are physically large and require extra circuitry (typically including a separate one-time programmable FPGA) to enable them to be used for this application. This technology adds a cPCI interface device with a simple, flexible, high-performance backend interface supporting multiple backend FPGAs. It includes a mechanism for programming the FPGAs directly via the microprocessor in the embedded system, eliminating specialized hardware, software, and PROM devices and their associated circuitry. It has a direct path to flight, and no extra hardware and minimal software are required to support reprogramming in flight. The device added is currently a small FPGA, but an advantage of this technology is that the design of the device does not change, regardless of the application in which it is being used. This means that it needs to be qualified for flight only once, and is suitable for one-time programmable devices or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). An application programming interface (API) further reduces the development time needed to use the interface device in a system.

Clark, Duane I.↗
NASA NTRS2021

Cryocooler Integration Options for Large Scale Space Systems

The integration with cryocoolers to their load is a key portion of the development of integrated cryocooler systems for spaceflight applications. Different integration methods that have been developed have different benefits or applications depending on the amount of heat being removed, the size of the applications, and the temperature. A survey of different solutions and integration methods is provided with recent publications and developments in integration of cryocoolers to various parts of spacecraft.

Cryogenic Fluid Management↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development and Evaluation of Neutron Thermalization Integral Benchmarks for Advanced Reactor Applications (Final Report)

In this project, integral benchmarks that aim to examine thermal neutron scattering data for graphite (ideal and nuclear), light water, and molten salt FLiBe will be analyzed. In particular, the project aims to: 1) Develop the slowing-down-time experiment that was performed at the OREAL facility of ORNL as a graphite benchmarks; 2) Identify and examine a slowing-down-time experiment in light water as a potential benchmark; 3) Reexamine the molten salt MSRE-MSR-EXP-001 benchmark to explicitly capture the impact of TSL variations.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1980

Investigation of direct integrated optics modulators

Direct modulation techniques applicable to integrated optics data preprocessors were investigated. Several methods of modulating a coherent optical beam by interaction with an incoherent beam were studied. It was decided to investigate photon induced conductivity changes in thin semiconductor cladding layers on optical waveguides. Preliminary calculations indicate significant changes can be produced in the phase shift in a propagating wave when the conductivity is changed by ten percent or more. Experimental devices to verify these predicted phase changes and experiments designed to prove the concept are described.

Batchman, T. E.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Self-Calibration and Laser Energy Monitor Validations for a Double-Pulsed 2-Micron CO2 Integrated Path Differential Absorption Lidar Application

Double-pulsed 2-micron integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar is well suited for atmospheric CO2 remote sensing. The IPDA lidar technique relies on wavelength differentiation between strong and weak absorbing features of the gas normalized to the transmitted energy. In the double-pulse case, each shot of the transmitter produces two successive laser pulses separated by a short interval. Calibration of the transmitted pulse energies is required for accurate CO2 measurement. Design and calibration of a 2-micron double-pulse laser energy monitor is presented. The design is based on an InGaAs pin quantum detector. A high-speed photo-electromagnetic quantum detector was used for laser-pulse profile verification. Both quantum detectors were calibrated using a reference pyroelectric thermal detector. Calibration included comparing the three detection technologies in the single-pulsed mode, then comparing the quantum detectors in the double-pulsed mode. In addition, a self-calibration feature of the 2-micron IPDA lidar is presented. This feature allows one to monitor the transmitted laser energy, through residual scattering, with a single detection channel. This reduces the CO2 measurement uncertainty. IPDA lidar ground validation for CO2 measurement is presented for both calibrated energy monitor and self-calibration options. The calibrated energy monitor resulted in a lower CO2 measurement bias, while self-calibration resulted in a better CO2 temporal profiling when compared to the in situ sensor.

Refaat, Tamer F.↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Sub-electron-noise Skipper-CCD Readout ASIC with Improved Channel-to-channel Isolation and an Integrated Cryogenic Voltage Reference

The MIDNA application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are a series of skipper-CCD readout chips fabricated in a 65 nm low-power CMOS process that implement a correlated double sampling signal processing chain based on dual-slope integrators. They are capable of working from room to cryogenic temperatures, down to 84 K. The present iteration of the ASIC has been fabricated including several design updates and the addition of an on-chip voltage reference, resulting in improved performance. This work presents the main vulnerabilities solved, the changes carried out, and the resulting performance benefits. Measurements with a skipper-CCD and the ASIC at 140 K showed that the single-electron resolution can be reached by averaging the measured charge in the analog domain using the analog pile-up technique with a readout noise as low as 0.11 erms of equivalent charge for 1200 samples. The channel-to-channel crosstalk was also characterized showing values better than -62 dB.

Alcalde Bessia, Fabricio↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Sub-electron-noise Skipper-CCD Readout ASIC with Improved Channel-to-channel Isolation and an Integrated Cryogenic Voltage Reference

The MIDNA application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are a series of skipper-CCD readout chips fabricated in a 65 nm low-power CMOS process that implement a correlated double sampling signal processing chain based on dual-slope integrators. They are capable of working from room to cryogenic temperatures, down to 84 K. The present iteration of the ASIC has been fabricated including several design updates and the addition of an on-chip voltage reference, resulting in improved performance. This work presents the main vulnerabilities solved, the changes carried out, and the resulting performance benefits. Measurements with a skipper-CCD and the ASIC at 140 K showed that the single-electron resolution can be reached by averaging the measured charge in the analog domain using the analog pile-up technique with a readout noise as low as 0.11 erms of equivalent charge for 1200 samples. The channel-to-channel crosstalk was also characterized showing values better than -62 dB.

Alcalde Bessia, Fabricio↗
DOE OSTI2026

Radiative Cooling Paints: Application on Warehouses and Integration with Phase Change Materials

Despite extensive research on radiative cooling (RC), researchers are still working to understand its best implementation strategy and potential benefits. Understanding this could be an instrumental part of reducing building energy costs and combating climate change. In this work, we introduce two concepts to achieve this goal and broaden the application of RC paints. While building energy simulations for RC are common, most studies focus on single-layer paints in residential settings. Limited research exists on warehouses, and no literature has conducted multi-climate zone analyses or included RC technologies with >90% reflectance. As RC technology advances in efficiency, versatility, and affordability, large-scale simulations across diverse climates are crucial, particularly for warehouses as a passive indoor temperature control solution. Here, a TRNSYS-modeled single-story warehouse assesses the energy impact of BaSO4-based RC paints. Another under-explored RC application is its integration with phase change materials (PCMs), which provide thermal regulation via latent heat storage. Though RC and PCMs have been combined by placing PCMs atop, beneath, or within RC layers, studies focus on either experiments or modeling, with no validation between the two. Here, we develop a simple RC+PCM experimental and modeling setup, placing RC paint atop an aluminum cell filled with a Rubitherm PCM.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

MOOSE Web Server Interface: A Message-based External Interface for Multiphysics Simulations

The Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework is a C++ toolkit designed to streamline the development of finite element and finite volume applications. It offers an interface for input-based coupling of these applications to create multiscale, multiphysics models. We introduce a new capability that enables external applications to integrate with MOOSE-based applications in situ via a web server using HTTP requests. An example of this integration is provided, where a MOOSE thermal-fluids solve has a boundary condition that is driven by an external Python application. Additionally, the coupling of the Python-based OpenMC depletion solver with the Cardinal application is demonstrated. A multiphysics model of a pressurized water reactor, incorporating neutronics, heat conduction, thermal-fluids, and depletion, is presented to showcase this new Cardinal capability that is enabled by the MOOSE web server capability.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

MOOSE Web Server Interface: A Message-based External Interface for Multiphysics Simulations

The Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework is a C++ toolkit designed to streamline the development of finite element and finite volume applications. It offers an interface for input-based coupling of these applications to create multiscale, multiphysics models. We introduce a new capability that enables external applications to integrate with MOOSE-based applications in situ via a web server using HTTP requests. An example of this integration is provided, where a MOOSE thermal-fluids solve has a boundary condition that is driven by an external Python application. Additionally, the coupling of the Python-based OpenMC depletion solver with the Cardinal application is demonstrated. A multiphysics model of a pressurized water reactor, incorporating neutronics, heat conduction, thermal-fluids, and depletion, is presented to showcase this new Cardinal capability that is enabled by the MOOSE web server capability.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Progress in integrated-circuit horn antennas for receiver applications. Part 2: A 90 GHz quasi-integrated horn antenna receiver

A receiver belonging to the family of integrated planar receivers has been developed at 90 GHz. It consists of a planar Schottky-diode placed at the feed of a dipole-probe suspended inside an integrated horn antenna. The measured planar mixer single-sideband conversion loss at 91.2 GHz (LO) with a 200 MHz IF frequency is 8.3dB plus or minus 0.3dB. The low cost of fabrication and simplicity of this design makes it ideal for millimeter and submillimeter-wave receivers.

Ali-Ahmad, Walid Y.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The IDEAL (Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Languages) modeling methodology: Capabilities and Applications

The IDEAL (Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Languages) modeling methodology has been formulated and applied over a five-year period. It has proven to be a unique, integrated approach utilizing a top-down, structured technique to define and document the system of interest; a knowledge engineering technique to collect and organize system descriptive information; a rapid prototyping technique to perform preliminary system performance analysis; and a sophisticated simulation technique to perform in-depth system performance analysis.

Evers, Ken H.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Initial Benchmarking of the Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge-Orbitrap System Against Traditional Atomic Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Nuclear Applications

The integration of the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ion source with Orbitrap mass spectrometers has resulted in new opportunities in the field of isotope ratio mass spectrometry. In a field that has been dominated by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on quadrupole and scanning-mode sector field analyzer platforms for highly accurate and precise measurements, the LS-APGD-Orbitrap system offers a benchtop instrument capable of meeting the rigorous International Target Values for measurement uncertainty for uranium (U). In order to benchmark the LS-APGD-Orbitrap, a series of U certified reference materials with increasing {sup 235}U isotopic composition were analyzed. By using U samples ranging in enrichment from 1 to 80%, the ability of the system to measure isotope ratios over a wide range is demonstrated. This analysis represents the first time that the LS-APGD-Orbitrap system has been used to analyze highly enriched U samples, allowing for the measurement of each of the U isotopes, including {sup 234}U and {sup 236}U-related species, which had not been achieved previously. Ultimately, the LS-APGD-Orbitrap system was able to measure CRM U-800 (assayed as {sup 235}U / {sup 238}U = 4.265622) as 4.266922, with a combined uncertainty, (u{sub c}), of 0.040%. These results are compared to those obtained using traditional elemental mass spectrometers including TIMS and ICP-MS-based instruments. The effectiveness of the LS-APGD-Orbitrap MS system for measuring U isotopes shows excellent promise in nuclear forensics, safeguards, and other nuclear weapon-based applications. .

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗