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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1975

HAL/SM language specification

A programming language is presented for the flight software of the NASA Space Shuttle program. It is intended to satisfy virtually all of the flight software requirements of the space shuttle. To achieve this, it incorporates a wide range of features, including applications-oriented data types and organizations, real time control mechanisms, and constructs for systems programming tasks. It is a higher order language designed to allow programmers, analysts, and engineers to communicate with the computer in a form approximating natural mathematical expression. Parts of the English language are combined with standard notation to provide a tool that readily encourages programming without demanding computer hardware expertise. Block diagrams and flow charts are included. The semantics of the language is discussed.

Williams, G. P. W., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Applying Research-Based Training Principles: Towards Crew-Centered, Mission-Oriented Space Flight Training

This chapter describes a training approach that applies empirically derived principles of training to re-imagining the overall design of NASA’s space flight training program. The chapter is focused specifically on the design of astronaut training for NASA’s future deep space, exploration missions to Mars. We briefly describe NASA’s space flight training practices during the Apollo and Space Shuttle eras as well as NASA’s current practices for training astronauts for their missions to the International Space Station. We provide an overview of NASA’s current concepts for a mission to Mars to scope our training approach. We envision a new space flight training approach which we term “crew-centered, mission oriented” training, inspired by the design approach offered in the context of airline pilot training by Barshi (2015). We apply some of the training principles reviewed by Kole and his colleagues in the companion volume (Kole, Healy, Schneider & Barshi, 2019), as well as by other researchers in training science (e.g., Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Römer, 1993; Healy & Bourne, 2012; Salas, Wilson, Priest and Guthrie, 2006), into real-world, practical guidelines for the particular context of training astronauts for a mission to Mars.processes over very long retention intervals.

Training↗
NASA NTRS2020

Towards Crew-Centered, Mission-Oriented Space Flight Training

This poster describes a training approach that applies empirically derived principles of training to reimagining the overall design of NASA's space flight training program. The poster is focused specifically on the design of astronaut training for NASA's future deep space, exploration missions to Mars. We briefly describe NASA's space flight training practices during the Apollo and Space Shuttle eras as well as NASA's current practices for training astronauts for their missions to the International Space Station. We provide an overview of NASA's current concepts for a mission to Mars to scope our training approach. We envision a new space flight training approach which we term crew-centered, mission oriented training, inspired by the design approach offered in the context of airline pilot training by Barshi. We apply research-based training principles reviewed by Kole and his colleagues, as well as by other researchers in training science, into real-world, practical guidelines for the particular context of training astronauts for a mission to Mars.

Dempsey, Donna L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Fifty years of laminar flow flight testing

Laminar flow flight experiments conducted over the past 50 years are reviewed. The emphasis is on flight testing conducted under the NASA Laminar Flow Control Program, which has been directed towards the most challenging technology application, the high-subsonic-speed transport. The F111/TACT NLF Glove Flight Test, the F-14 Variable-Sweep Transition Flight Experiment, the 757 Wing-Noise Survey and NLF Glove Flight Test, the NASA Jetstar Leading-Edge Flight Test Program, and the recently initiated Hybrid Laminar-Flow-Control Flight Experiment are discussed.

Wagner, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

NASA Ames Active Control Aircraft flight experiments (ACA) program

The objectives of the Ames ACA program are to develop the active control technology (ACT) for short-haul aircraft, to evaluate existing methods, to develop new techniques, and to demonstrate the readiness of the technology in operational environment. Two concepts are basic to ACT: integrated aircraft design and integrated flight-control-system design.

Meyer, G.↗
NASA NTRS1991

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Robotic Processing System Program Automation Systems, volume 2

Topics related to robot operated materials processing in space (RoMPS) are presented in view graph form. Some of the areas covered include: (1) mission requirements; (2) automation management system; (3) Space Transportation System (STS) Hitchhicker Payload; (4) Spacecraft Command Language (SCL) scripts; (5) SCL software components; (6) RoMPS EasyLab Command & Variable summary for rack stations and annealer module; (7) support electronics assembly; (8) SCL uplink packet definition; (9) SC-4 EasyLab System Memory Map; (10) Servo Axis Control Logic Suppliers; and (11) annealing oven control subsystem.

Dobbs, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Compendium of Current Total Ionizing Dose and Displacement Damage Results from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program

Total ionizing dose and displacement damage testing was performed to characterize and determine the suitability of candidate electronics for NASA space utilization. Devices tested include optoelectronics, digital, analog, linear bipolar devices, and hybrid devices. Displacement Damage, Optoelectronics, Proton Damage, Single Event Effects, and Total Ionizing Dose.

Proton Damage↗
NASA NTRS1990

Propulsion system-flight control integration-flight evaluation and technology transition

Integration of propulsion and flight control systems and their optimization offering significant performance improvement are assessed. In particular, research programs conducted by NASA on flight control systems and propulsion system-flight control interactions on the YF-12 and F-15 aircraft are addressed; these programs have demonstrated increased thrust, reduced fuel consumption, increased engine life, and improved aircraft performance. Focus is placed on altitude control, speed-Mach control, integrated controller design, as well as flight control systems and digital electronic engine control. A highly integrated digital electronic control program is analyzed and compared with a performance seeking control program. It is shown that the flight evaluation and demonstration of these technologies have been a key part in the transition of the concepts to production and operational use on a timely basis.

Burcham, Frank W., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Development of a Heterogeneous sUAS High-Accuracy Positional Flight Data Acquisition System

Recently, a heterogeneous FDAS, consisting of a diverse range of instruments was developed to support acoustic flight research programs at NASA Langley Research Center. In addition to a conventional GPS to measure latitude, longitude and altitude, the FDAS also utilizes a small, light-weight, low-cost DGPS system to obtain centimeter accuracy to measure the distance traveled by sound from a sUAS vehicle to a microphone on the ground. Acoustic flight testing using the FDAS installed on several different sUAS platforms has been conducted in support of the NASA CAS DELIVER and ERA ITD projects (Reference 1). The first FDAS prototype was assembled and implemented in the acoustic/flight measurement system in December 2014 to support DELIVER acoustic flight tests. Evaluation of the system performance and results from the data analyses were used to further test, develop and enhance the FDAS over a six-month period to support acoustic flight research for the ERA.

McSwain, Robert G.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Strategies for "minimal growth maintenance" of cell cultures: a perspective on management for extended duration experimentation in the microgravity environment of a Space station

How cells manage without gravity and how they change in the absence of gravity are basic questions that only prolonged life on a Space station will enable us to answer. We know from investigations carried out on various kinds of Space vehicles and stations that profound physiological effects can and often to occur. We need to know more of the basic biochemistry and biophysics both of cells and of whole organisms in conditions of reduced gravity. The unique environment of Space affords plant scientists an unusual opportunity to carry out experiments in microgravity, but some major challenges must be faced before this can be done with confidence. Various laboratory activities that are routine on Earth take on special significance and offer problems that need imaginative resolution before even a relatively simple experiment can be reliably executed on a Space station. For example, scientists might wish to investigate whether adaptive or other changes that have occurred in the environment of Space are retained after return to Earth-normal conditions. Investigators seeking to carry out experiments in the low-gravity environment of Space using cultured cells will need to solve the problem of keeping cultures quiescent for protracted periods before an experiment is initiated, after periodic sampling is carried out, and after the experiment is completed. This review gives an evaluation of a range of strategies that can enable one to manipulate cell physiology and curtail growth dramatically toward this end. These strategies include cryopreservation, chilling, reduced oxygen, gel entrapment strategies, osmotic adjustment, nutrient starvation, pH manipulation, and the use of mitotic inhibitors and growth-retarding chemicals. Cells not only need to be rendered quiescent for protracted periods but they also must be recoverable and further grown if it is so desired. Elaboration of satisfactory procedures for management of cells and tissues at "near zero or minimal growth" will have great value and practical consequences for experimentation on Earth as well as in Space. All of the parameters and conditions and procedural details needed to meet all the specific objectives will be the basis of the design and fabrication of cell culture units for use in the Space environment. It is expected that this will be an evolutionary process.

STS-61A Shuttle Project↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Class A Certification of Core Flight Software (cFS)

NASA Gateway program has named cFS as the software architecture for the vehicle. The core CFS team (GSFC+JSC) is tasked to develop a certifiable release of the cFS bundle, by components, as class A, safety-critical flight software. It is to be available to all Gateway software developers, including our element vendors and international partners. Its availability & usage will be as stated by the Gateway User Agreement license. In this presentation, we will describe our general certification process, and more importantly, our certification artifacts that can be re-run to certify cFS on different platforms. Our goal is to also make available these certifiable packages to the open source community, specifically for cFE, OSAL and certain cFS applications and libraries that are currently hosted on NASA github (https://github.com/nasa).

Tam M Ngo↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Class A Certification of Core Flight Software (cFS)

NASA Gateway program has named cFS as the software architecture for the vehicle. The core CFS team (GSFC+JSC) is tasked to develop a certifiable release of the cFS bundle, by components, as class A, safety-critical flight software. It is to be available to all Gateway software developers, including our element vendors and international partners. Its availability & usage will be as stated by the Gateway User Agreement license. In this presentation, we will describe our general certification process, and more importantly, our certification artifacts that can be re-run to certify cFS on different platforms. Our goal is to also make available these certifiable packages to the open source community, specifically for cFE, OSAL and certain cFS applications and libraries that are currently hosted on NASA github (https://github.com/nasa).

Tam M Ngo↗
NASA NTRS1990

Assessment of the A&R Technology associated with the use of supervised autonomy for on-orbit satellite servicing

The Satellite Servicer Flight Demonstration Program is NASA's first definitive attempt at addressing the problems associated with the supervised autonomous servicing of satellites in orbit. NASA has completed a study of its on-orbit requirements for the next decade. Utilizing the results of this study, the necessary key servicing functions, which require on-orbit demonstration before a program would commit to servicing capability, were determined. These capabilities are: (1) autonomous rendezvous and docking; (2) supervised autonomous orbital replacement unit exchange; and (3) supervised autonomous fluid transfer. A satellite servicer system plan to conduct a series of on-orbit flight demonstrations of these capabilities utilizing the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle, elements of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer and other applicable hardware has been developed. This paper surveys the A&R technologies that must be matured from the laboratory to flight status prior to conducting these on-orbit flight demonstrations.

Levin, George M.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Lifting Body Flight Vehicles

NASA has a technology program in place to build the X-33 test vehicle and then the full sized Reusable Launch Vehicle, VentureStar. VentureStar is a Lifting Body (LB) flight vehicle which will carry our future payloads into orbit, and will do so at a much reduced cost. There were three design contenders for the new Reusable Launch Vehicle: a Winged Vehicle, a Vertical Lander, and the Lifting Body(LB). The LB design won the competition. A LB vehicle has no wings and derives its lift solely from the shape of its body, and has the unique advantages of superior volumetric efficiency, better aerodynamic efficiency at high angles-of-attack and hypersonic speeds, and reduced thermal protection system weight. Classically, in a ballistic vehicle, drag has been employed to control the level of deceleration in reentry. In the LB, lift enables the vehicle to decelerate at higher altitudes for the same velocity and defines the reentry corridor which includes a greater cross range. This paper outlines our LB heritage which was utilized in the design of the new Reusable Launch Vehicle, VentureStar. NASA and the U.S. Air Force have a rich heritage of LB vehicle design and flight experience. Eight LB's were built and over 225 LB test flights were conducted through 1975 in the initial LB Program. Three LB series were most significant in the advancement of today's LB technology: the M2-F; HL-1O; and X-24 series. The M2-F series was designed by NASA Ames Research Center, the HL-10 series by NASA Langley Research Center, and the X-24 series by the Air Force. LB vehicles are alive again today.

Barret, Chris↗
NASA NTRS1996

Space research activities during missions of the past

For over 30 yr, men and women have lived for various periods of time in a weightless (or free-fall) environment while orbiting the Earth. During these years, we have learned that humans function quite well for short periods of weightlessness, that is, for up to a little more than a year. Some space flight missions have provided physiologic data, including cardiovascular data, from the spacefarers. In fact, some missions have provided laboratories for systematic study of cardiovascular responses and adaptation to space flight. However, the opportunity to obtain physiologic data from people in space is a rarity. It is important to remember that the population sample sizes are small, other stresses may confound the effects of weightlessness, and in some situations the crewmembers are subjects for several experiments at the same time. Furthermore, comparison of cardiovascular data from space flight to data obtained on the ground is sometimes difficult because the subject's posture on the ground is not always reported; in a gravity environment, posture influences the hydrostatic gradient. This over view describes what we have learned about cardiovascular function during flight and after return to Earth.

NASA Discipline Cardiopulmonary↗