A practical method for sensor absolute calibration.
Sensor calibrations using NBS standard of spectral irradiance, as used for Mariner IV CANOPUS sensor
MARINER IV SPACE PROBE↗
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Results for “OPTICAL REFLECTIVITY”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Piezoelectroreflectance in GaAs.
Static uniaxial compression effect measurement along /100/, /110/ and /111/ on electroreflectance spectrum of gallium arsenide, using electrolyte technique
PIEZOELECTRICITY↗
A bistatic radar method for the determination of epsilon and mu for a smooth spherical target.
Bistatic radar method for determination of permeability and permittivity of material for smooth spherical target
TARGET↗
Use of indicatometry for verifying the hypothesis of a limonite surface cover on Mars
Indicatometry used to verify hypothesis of limonite surface cover on Mars
IRON OXIDE↗
Hall and photoresponse measurements associated with ultraviolet and near ultraviolet degradation of thin zinc oxide films
Optical and electrical parameters of zinc oxide degradation during exposure to spectral radiation
SOLAR RADIATION↗
Solar performance evaluation test program of the 9.5-ft-diam. electroformed nickel concentrator S/N 1 at Table Mountain, California
Optical and calorimetric tests of nickel mirrors for use as power source for thermionic generators
THERMAL POWER↗
Surface radiation properties from electromagnetic theory.
Electromagnetic theory of surface radiation properties, analyzing specular reflectance of optically smooth surfaces
Hering, R. G.↗
The effect of rocket plume contamination on the optical properties of transmitting and reflecting materials
The preliminary results of plume contamination from a 5-pound thrust single-doublet, bipropellant rocket engine on the transmittance of quartz and the reflectance of a silicon monoxide overcoated aluminum mirror are presented. Changes in quartz transmittance were found to be significant and were due to both absorption and scattering effects. Contaminant absorption effects were predominant at the short wavelengths and scattering effects were greatest in the visible wavelengths. Measured changes in mirror reflectance were due primarily to contaminant absorption. Scattering effects were found to be as much as 9 percent of the total reflected energy from the mirror. There were no noticeable chemical or erosion effects on either the quartz or the front surface mirror.
Jack, J. R.↗
The effect of rocket plume contamination on the optical properties of transmitting and reflecting materials.
The preliminary results of plume contamination from a 5-pound thrust single-doublet, bipropellant rocket engine on the transmittance of quartz and the reflectance of a silicon monoxide overcoated aluminum mirror have been presented. Changes in quartz transmittance were found to be significant and were due to both absorption and scattering effects. Contaminant absorption effects were predominant at the short wavelengths and scattering effects were greatest in the visible wavelengths. Measured changes in mirror reflectance were due primarily to contaminant absorption. Scattering effects were found to be as much as 9% of the total reflected energy from the mirror. There were no noticeable chemical or erosion effects on either the quartz or the front surface mirror.
Jack, J. R.↗
Influence of temperature on the spectrum of water.
Measurement of the normal-incidence spectral reflectance of water at 5, 27, and 70 C in the spectral region between 5000 and 350 per cm. From the measured values of spectral reflectance the optical constants n sub r and n sub i are determined by Kramers-Kronig methods. The band strengths and bandwidths have been determined for the absorption bands near 3400, 1640, and 600 per cm at each temperature. A similar study of deuterium oxide at 27 C has been conducted for purposes of comparison.
Hale, G. M.↗
Development of techniques for advanced optical contamination measurement with internal reflection spectroscopy, phase 2, volume 2
Attenuated total reflectance spectra of individual contaminants in space simulation chambers are presented as well as spectra of mixtures and figures exhibiting the effects of film thickness on reflectance spectra. Detailed calibration spectra were made for three selected concentrations (film thickness) for two contaminants and for one concentration for all contaminants.
Hayes, J. D.↗
Development of techniques for advanced optical contamination measurement with internal reflection spectroscopy, phase 1, volume 1
The feasibility of monitoring volatile contaminants in a large space simulation chamber using techniques of internal reflection spectroscopy was demonstrated analytically and experimentally. The infrared spectral region was selected as the operational spectral range in order to provide unique identification of the contaminants along with sufficient sensitivity to detect trace contaminant concentrations. It was determined theoretically that a monolayer of the contaminants could be detected and identified using optimized experimental procedures. This ability was verified experimentally. Procedures were developed to correct the attenuated total reflectance spectra for thick sample distortion. However, by using two different element designs the need for such correction can be avoided.
Hayes, J. D.↗
Thickness of absorbing films necessary to measure their optical constants using the reflectance-vs-angle-of-incidence method
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Hunter, W. R.↗
A feasibility study of limb volume measuring systems
Evaluation of the various techniques by which limb volume can be measured indicates that the odometric (electromechanical) method and the reflective scanner (optical) have a high probability of meeting the specifications of the LBNP experiments. Both of these methods provide segmental measurements from which the cross sectional area of the limb can be determined.
Lafferty, J. F.↗
Application of solar energy; Proceedings of the First Southeastern Conference, Huntsville, Ala., March 24-26, 1975
Topics related to architectural and institutional considerations are discussed along with studies of components and subsystems. Subjects in the area of system design and analysis are also explored. Residential and commercial applications are considered, taking into account hot-water usage in a typical single-family residence, solar heating and cooling of mobile homes, aspects of design and performance in the case of a solar heating system using a reflective pyramid optical condenser, solar heating in a Boston school, a performance analysis of solar service hot water systems, comparative performance analyses of three solar heated and cooled buildings, and the use of solar energy in a soybeam processing operation. Applications related to power generation are also examined, giving attention to solar thermal electric power systems and photovoltaic research. Individual items are announced in this issue.
Wu, S. T.↗
Updating the limit efficiency of silicon solar cells
The limit efficiency of a silicon solar cell is investigated using an analytical approach. The analytical model is based on the solution of a transport equation for minority carriers derived from the Shockley equations. On the basis of the computations, a 'narrow-region' design approach is suggested for both the front and the back regions of the solar cell. The design relies on low effective surface-recombination velocities, a textured front surface, and an optical internally reflecting back surface. With this approach, the limit efficiency is near 25%, and the optimum cell is 50 to 150 microns thick.
Wolf, M.↗
Wideband optical measurements of ultrasonic pulses
Calibrated masurements of acoustic surface wave pulses by wide bandwidth differential interferometry are described. By interrogating the interference pattern formed by superimposing two optical beams reflected from the surface at slightly separated points, an output signal proportional to instantaneous surface particle displacement is obtained. Response to ideal propagating step function displacements is analyzed and measurements of gated pulses are described.
Claus, R. O.↗
Space Environment Effects on Spacecraft Materials (M0003)
The immediate objectives of this experiment are to understand changes in the properties and structure of materials after exposure to the space environment and to compare these changes with predictions based on laboratory experiments. The experiment consists of 19 subexperiments involving a number of DOD laboratories and contractor organizations. In general, the experimental approach with each of the subexperiments will involve comparison of preflight and postflight analyses. Typical analyses will include the measurement of optical properties (reflectance, transmittance, and refractive index), and macrophysical properties. In addition to measuring changes in the macroscopic properties of the returned specimens, microstructural properties will also be examined. Thus, it may be possible to increase our understanding of the changes induced by the environment. This increased understanding can then be used to predict the performance of materials based on knowledge of the space environment and the results of laboratory tests. This experiment will be a coopperative effort and will provide an opportunity for DOD space programs and laboratories to evaluate materials and components after long exposures to the space environment.
Paul Schall↗