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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Opportunities and Implications for Low-Cost Hydrogen Production from Water Electrolysis in a Decarbonizing Power Sector

Increased deployment of renewable power generation such as wind and solar photovoltaics along with electrification of transportation and other sectors are driving changes in the operation and economics of the electric power sector. Simultaneously, efforts to decarbonize other sectors of the economy such as steelmaking and heavy duty transportation will require significant amounts of electricity to drive electrons to molecules processes. Hydrogen production via water splitting electrolysis is a key near-term technology for decarbonization that interfaces between the power sector and decarbonization efforts in industrial sectors. This poster examines the implications for increased deployment of water electrolyzers in a rapidly evolving energy system. The economic opportunities for low-cost hydrogen production from electrolysis that are facilitated by highly renewable grids will be examined and discussed. Durability, cost, and operational strategies for electrolyzers interacting in these future energy systems are key to enabling hydrogen at scale. This poster will overview these considerations and ongoing work within the U.S. Department of Energy’s H2NEW consortium that is focused on addressing them.

electrolysis↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development of a Miniature Small Punch Creep Test for Post Surveillance Test Specimens

Summary: This poster outlines a new small punch creep test (SPCT) for examining the mechanical properties of post surveillance test specimens. A surveillance test article was previously designed to study the effects of Molten-Salt conditions on the structural materials in the reactor. To better understand the post-test mechanical properties of the specimen, a miniature SPCT is proposed. The principle, testing standards and challenges of the method is introduced in the poster. An initial design of the testing apparatus is shown, and an experiment plan is outlined.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Long-length Scintillating Fibers for Nuclear Geological Repositories

This research focuses on the usage of plastic scintillating fibers as ruggedized detectors in long-length sections coupled to long-length standard optical fiber segments for the purpose of radiation detection and monitoring. This technology addresses a need for monitoring radiation in difficult-to-access or inaccessible areas, such as monitoring: radioactive waste within geological repositories, nuclear material storage facilities, spent fuel dry storage areas, inaccessible areas within nuclear facilities including reactors and reprocessing facilities, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, and other similar areas. The fiber can be placed along the tunnels of a geological repository to monitor the radiation field along its length. This can detect an increase of radiation due to movement, leakage, or unexpected opening of the containers, as well as decrease in the radiation due to removal of material. These capabilities have been demonstrated at INL’s Radioactive Scrap Waste Facility by successfully detecting the removal of an interim storage containers from the storage area. The poster focuses on explaining the technology and its capability in monitoring deep geological repositories (DGRs), especially in the domain of safety and international safeguards. As more countries consider the development of DGRs, technologies such as the one being presented can help establish continuity of knowledge of the material, maintain public confidence, and ensure safe operation of the facility. Furthermore, the poster looks at the future steps of the technology and its potential role in the international safeguards regime.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Typing Discipline for High-Assurance Control Systems

This poster describes a typing discipline for high-assurance industrial systems based on three novel type systems. The first type system, information flow control (IFC), controls the flow of data through the system. The second system, dependent session types, restricts messages exchanged during the execution of a communication protocol to avoid dangerous states. The third system uses dimensional analysis to avoid subtle bugs that adversaries can exploit to cause the system to enter a dangerous state. This poster describes how a combination of these approaches can prevent sophisticated cyber attacks, such as the infamous Stuxnet incident, from occurring. In addition, we provide experimental evidence to support the claim that these approaches can be applied in control systems that are resource-constrained.

42 - ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Investigating Formal Methods Tools and their Applicability for Hardware Vulnerability Remediation

Formal methods use mathematical logic and equations to prove that a system or code is secure. In this poster, I examine existing formal methods tools and their application for projects working to remediate vulnerabilities in hardware and hardware description language. This poster is focused on the tools ReWire and AutoGenILA and I hope to evaluate their benefits and weaknesses with the intention of creating an internal report on the application and weaknesses of existing formal methods tools and identifying gaps for future formal methods tool creation.

97 - MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Preliminary Modeling of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Structures with RELAP5-3D

This poster goes over preliminary work performed on modeling triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) with RELAP5-3D. The poster starts off with the need for advanced nuclear fuel designs for future reactors, and how TPMS are being researched for this purpose. There is then a focus on what a TPMS is and then moves onto the motivation for why this geometry is being modeled and looked into. The methodology is then shown for how data from different experiments will be used for pre-test predictions and eventual creation of empirical coefficients and multipliers to be used in models. Then there is a show of how data would be compared between the experimental tests, CFD, and RELAP5-3D values. The results from the simulations and comparisons are then presented to show how the CFD and RELAP5-3D compare to each other currently, with no experimental data to compare to for one test model. Results from the second test model are also presented to show that there is stability in the solving of that model.

42 - ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

SEAFORML (Smart Exploration and Analysis For Optimal and Robust Machine Learning)

The poster discusses data analysis of the WAVgraph database and applied machine learning methods for it. The database is a long-term project that seeks to be a comprehensive repository of information on cyber threats and is updated regularly. It was previously unanalyzed and unexplored. The goal was to learn more about it and its contents in order to have a better understanding and enable better use. The data analysis and discovery enabled further exploration through natural language processing, similarity, and clustering methods. The poster shows some of the insights from the analysis and explains the methods used for the machine learning applications.

24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Protection System Validation with Machine Learning Anomaly Classification

A poster for the Early Career Poster Session. Power system protection devices have transitioned over the past few decades from mechanical to analog devices, then to solid state and finally digital. Relays and their associated critical network of equipment have significantly increased in complexity. Even internally, relays have gained significant intricacy, with relatively simple overcurrent or differential functions now being assisted by a myriad of other functions. This is necessary as the grid becomes more complex, but it brings increased difficulty in monitoring and upkeep. Misoperation caused by improper relay settings or malicious actions is a constant challenge faced by all utilities. These improper settings can be difficult to identify and may require exhaustive post-mortem analysis, typically after a major outage event has already occurred. A mechanism is needed for monitoring the behavior of protection systems to validate that they act and perform as expected. This work presents a concept for a machine learning (ML) system capable of validating the performance of protection systems by classifying anomalous events and characterizing protection system responses based solely on available current and voltage measurements. As a first step in its development, an experimental dataset is generated, and a random forest model is implemented with high accuracy in distinguishing four power system scenarios.

24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proceedings of the 2024 Advancing Chemical Safety and Security Education Symposium at the 27th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education

The inaugural Advancing Chemical Safety and Security Education symposium was held at the 27th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education (ICCE2024). Speakers showcased innovative strategies for seamlessly integrating security concepts into established safety programs, addressing specific needs of diverse academic institutions, and evaluating the effectiveness of different pedagogical approaches. Here, this proceedings publication encapsulates insights from 11 oral presentations, 12 poster presentations, and panel discussions including key recommendations for future advancements in educating chemical safety and security education for academic and industry audiences.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Special Issue on the 22nd International Spherical Torus Workshop, 21–24 October 2024

This Special Issue contains papers resulting from research presented at the 22nd International Spherical Torus Workshop (ISTW), which was held during 21–24 October 2024, in Oxford, UK. The objectives of this workshop were to contribute to advancing the understanding of spherical tori (ST) configurations and to enhance their potential for fusion power applications. The scope of the meeting covers the full range of research activities on STs and aims to provide a forum for discussion and collaboration enhancement. The ISTW is organized by the International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Programme on ST [1], and the 22nd was the latest in a series that started in 1994, but due to the global pandemic it had not been held in person for 5 years. With 15 thirty-minute overview presentations, 33 twenty-minute presentations, 32 posters and 93 total attendees, the 22nd ISTW was, to our knowledge, the largest to date. Representatives attended from at least 9 countries, representing at least 24 institutions, and presenting results from at least 18 existing or planned devices. Furthermore, this demonstrates the current broad interest in STs as fusion research devices and as candidates for future fusion pilot plants. Following on this momentum, the 23rd ISTW is planned to be held in Seville, Spain in late 2026.

Berkery, John W. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2024

Interaction of SPI pellets with plasma on JET and associated disruptions

Abstract The presented data refer to the Shattered Pellet Injector (SPI) experiments carried out at JET in 2019–2020. This paper is a full journal version of the data originally presented as posters at TMPDM_2020 and EPS_2021. This paper presents various aspects of the interaction of pellets with plasma and associated disruptions. The experiment was performed with I p = (1.1–3.1) MA plasmas and mainly with Ne + D 2 pellet composition, but also with Ar pellets. The Current Quench (CQ) time, τ 80−20 , is the key characteristic of mitigation effectiveness. A pellet with a high content of Ne or Ar can reduce the CQ duration below the upper required JET threshold. Plasmas with high (thermal + internal poloidal magnetic) pre-disruptive plasma energy require a high content of Ne pellets to obtain a short CQ duration. Pellets with a small amount of Ne (and accordingly large amount of D), instead of causing a mitigated CQ, create the conditions for a ‘cold’ Vertical Displacement Events (VDE). The SPI was applied to plasma with different status: mainly to normal (‘healthy’) plasma, i.e. not prone to disruption, post-disruptive and VDE plasma. This study shows that SPI effectiveness in terms of CQ duration and, accordingly, EM loads does not depend on the state of the plasma, whether it is ‘healthy’ or post-disruptive plasma. SPI has been shown to reduce the axisymmetric vertical vessel reaction forces by about (30–40) % compared to unmitigated disruptions. On JET, the VDE, whether ‘hot’ or ‘cold’, always creates the conditions for a toroidal asymmetry in the plasma, so the VDE on the JET is referred to as Asymmetric VDE (AVDE). The interrupting of VDE and prevention of AVDE with SPI has been demonstrated. Thus, the effectiveness of disruption mitigation using SPI has been confirmed.

Gerasimov, S. N. (ORCID:0009000237937211)↗
DOE OSTI2024

UTILITY CONTRIBUTION TO ARC FLASH STUDIES

The utility contribution input to an arc flash study has a significant effect on the output incident energy. Accurate input data can be difficult to obtain from serving utilities or is not consistently available. Defaulting to infinite bus can provide non-conservative results. This focus session poster will discuss the challenges with utility contribution with examples and suggest approaches to calculate conservative incident energy when the utility contribution data is not made available.

Arc flash study, utility contribution data, incide↗