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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Flux-Switching Machine Based All-Electric Power Train for Future Aircraft

This research investigates a flux-switching motor with superconducting and cryogenically cooled windings, aimed at achieving exceptionally high power densities. In addition to the motor’s topology and superconducting windings, it was found that power density could be further enhanced by incorporating superconducting shields on the rotor at the interpole locations. The resulting publications and patented technology outline the design process. A motor power density of 64 kW/kg—including housing materials—was achieved for a 1 MW design, surpassing the performance of existing motors. An electronic drive was also developed, achieving a power density of 47 kW/kg. This includes the mechanical structure of the drivetrain, for which a detailed CAD model was created, resulting in an overall drivetrain power density of 27 kW/kg.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Production of high fluence laser beams using ion wave plasma optics

Optical components for laser beams with high peak and averaged powers are being developed worldwide using stimulated plasma scattering that occurs when plasmas interact with intense, coherent light. After decades of pursuit of pulse compressors, mirrors, and other plasma based components that can be created by stimulated scattering from electron density perturbations forming on ultra-short time scales (e.g., via Stimulated Raman Scattering), more recent work has produced optical components on longer time scales allowing ion motion as well [via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)]. In the most recent work, ion wave plasma optics have had success in producing pulses of focusable coherent light with high energy and fluence by operating on ns time scales and now promise to enable numerous applications. Experiments have further shown that in some parameter regimes, even simple plasma response models can describe the output of such optics with sufficient accuracy that they can be used as engineering tools to design plasma optics for future applications, as is already being done to control power deposition in fusion targets. In addition, the development of more sophisticated models promises to enable still higher performance from SBS driven plasma optical components under a wider range of conditions. The present status and most promising directions for future development of ion wave plasma optic techniques are discussed here.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Science of Scientific Software Development and Use

Increasingly powerful and affordable computing has revolutionized scientific and scholarly discovery across a broad range of fields. Computing relies on software, which has been rapidly growing in scope, diversity, and complexity. At the same time, the methods, processes, and tools used to produce and utilize this essential software are often ad hoc, and the study and improvement of them is often done without the benefit of direct funding or prioritization. Consequently, concerns are growing about the productivity of the developers and users of scientific software, its sustainability, and the trustworthiness of the results that it produces. The US Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC) is at the forefront of modern software-enabled scientific discovery across numerous areas of computational, experimental, and observational science, including major investments in national user facilities that support these activities. In December 2021, the DOE-SC Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) convened a workshop on basic research needs for the Science of Scientific Software Development and Use (SSSDU). Through keynote presentations, lightning talks, and breakout groups, participants discussed the current practice of software development, maintenance, evolution, and use, and considered how the scientific method could be used to examine these practices and develop more evidence-based approaches to enhance the impact of software and computing on all areas of science. Workshop participants identified three priority research directions (PRDs) and three important crosscutting themes that center on the following overarching insight: software has become an essential part of modern science that impacts new discovery, policy, and technological development. To have full confidence in science delivered via software, we must improve the processes and tools that help us create and use it, and this enhancement requires a deep understanding of the diverse array of teams and individuals doing the work. The full workshop report will be available at https://doi.org/10.2172/1846009.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Revival and Technology Transfer of 90SrTiO3 Production for Heat Source Applications

Demand for radioisotope power systems (RPS) appears to be on the rise, and it is unlikely that this new demand can be met by plutonium-238. As a result, new heat source designs are under development. One such design is Z1. Z1 is a strontium-90 demonstration heat source developed by Zeno Power Systems in collaboration with the University of Dayton Research Institute and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. SrTiO3 was chosen as the fuel form for Z1. SrTiO3 was used to produce dozens of terrestrial RPS decades ago. While this indicates the technology is proven, the skill and experience necessary to effectively produce SrTiO3 has been lost. Recapturing SrTiO3 production technology therefore became necessary. Development started with non-radioactive surrogate experiments using natural strontium. This work showed that the old Oak Ridge flowsheets for SrTiO3 production are quite robust, but some critical pieces of the technology are left out of the old documentation. Specifically, particle sizes of the reagents are critical to producing a phase pure SrTiO3. If the reagent particles are not the right size, then a significant Sr3Ti2O7 phase impurity is observed. This phase impurity was proven to be the result of an incomplete reaction between the strontium and titanium precursors. This technology was transferred to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory where the technology was adapted for use in a hot cell. With the adaptations complete, this technology was used to produce the fuel for Z1 late last year. This represents the first new heat source design produced in the U.S. in over 40 years.

90Sr, strontium titanate, SrTi03, RTG, Radioisotop↗
DOE OSTI2024

Deep Learning-Based Weather-Related Power Outage Prediction with Socio-Economic and Power Infrastructure Data

This paper presents a deep learning-based approach for hourly power outage probability prediction within census tracts encompassing a utility company's service territory. Two distinct deep learning models, conditional Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and unconditional MLP, were developed to forecast power outage probabilities, leveraging a rich array of input features gathered from publicly available sources including weather data, weather station locations, power infrastructure maps, socio-economic and demographic statistics, and power outage records. Given a one-hour-ahead weather forecast, the models predict the power outage probability for each census tract, taking into account both the weather prediction and the location's characteristics. The deep learning models employed different loss functions to optimize prediction performance. Our experimental results underscore the significance of socio-economic factors in enhancing the accuracy of power outage predictions at the census tract level.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Power Sector Decarbonization in South Asia: Pathways for Research, Modeling, and Implementation

Decarbonization of the power sector has far-reaching impact into the further decarbonization of the economy. In many comprehensive decarbonization pathways proposed for the world and for India electrification of transportation, buildings, and industry is the principal solution to decarbonizing those sectors. Therefore, electricity grids are likely to grow as more and new loads are added to them, and this growth will necessarily be from non-carbon emitting resources. This report outlines several key challenges for the power sector in planning, research, and development towards a decarbonized electric power grid. While these challenges will continue to evolve, this report focuses on formulating the important questions for the next two decades to align planning timeframes of India's and South Asia's power sector stakeholders, and to offer near-term research solutions for preparing the datasets, building the models, and designing the studies to answer questions and prepare for these changes.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Series FACTS Devices for Increasing Resiliency in Severe Weather Conditions

Severe weather conditions are low-probability, high-impact events that affect grid operations. The majority of power outages are caused by severe weather conditions. Grid resiliency to weather events can be enhanced by decreasing the reliance on its affected sections. One way to do this is to reduce the power flow through lines vulnerable to severe weather. If a line is disconnected, its initial power flow is distributed through the neighbor lines, which may cause congestion in the grid. FACTS devices can be used to control the power flow of lines that have a higher chance of power outages. Most previous works do not consider weather events in power flow control. In this work, a linearized optimal power flow (OPF)–based algorithm is developed to minimize the real power flow of vulnerable lines considering the thermal limits of lines to prevent infeasible solutions; the simulation is fast, making it suitable for large-scale systems. The proposed optimization problem is presented as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), making it capable of using short-term load forecasting due to its high solution speed. The proposed optimization problem considers multiple lines with different outage probabilities and the uncertainties of the weather forecast. Moreover, it estimates the power reduction in vulnerable lines due to changes in the series FACTS devices. The performance of the proposed optimization problem is tested on IEEE 14-, 30-, and 118-bus systems for several scenarios. The results are validated with the AC power flow results from MATPOWER.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Power Grid Planning with Higher Renewable Share

Power grid planning with a higher renewable share got worldwide attention since the declining cost of renewable energy technologies and greenhouse gas reduction goals continue to drive a transition to a cleaner power grid. Energy professionals from developing countries working to achieve renewable power goals want to learn about NREL's state-of-the-art research efforts in renewable power and power grid planning. Supporting these efforts, the United States Energy Association, Female Leaders in Energy initiative facilitates mid-career female energy professionals from South East Asia to learn from energy professionals from the USA. This presentation gives an overview of NREL scientific research studies on power grid planning with a high renewable share to mid-career female energy professionals.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,POWER TRANSMI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development and Stability Analysis of Representative Future High Renewable Penetration Power Grid Models for California

The power grid in California is now experiencing a significant increase in renewable generation to achieve 100% clean energy by 2040. This paper discusses a method for developing the transient stability (TS) model of the future high renewable penetration in the power grid in California. The method consists of utilizing an existing future Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) grid model in the database and locating the conventional plants in the base model that will potentially retire in the next few years in California. Next, the dynamic models of those identified conventional plants and controls in the existing model are modified to replicate the future power generation in the California region. Different scenarios of future power grid in California are developed for various renewable penetration levels and control strategies in renewable power plants. The effect of the control strategies on the stability of the power grid under events like loss of generation are evaluated. Based on these evaluations, certain control features in power plants are identified as necessary for stability of future power grids.

Samanta, Sayan↗
DOE OSTI2022

Chapter 9.12 - Weather, Climatic and Ecological Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms

Wind power is an environmentally sustainable technology that is likely to be part of the solution to the climate change, air pollution, and energy security problems. Despite many positive benefits, the rapid development of wind power has raised concerns about some potential adverse environmental impacts. While converting wind?s kinetic energy into electricity, wind turbines (WTs) modify properties of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) including the vertical profiles and surface-atmosphere exchanges of energy, momentum, mass, moisture, and trace gases. Given the current installed capacity and the projected installation worldwide, wind farms (WFs) are likely becoming a major driver of manmade land use change on Earth. Hence, understanding WT-atmosphere-surface interactions and assessing potential environmental impacts of WFs are of significant scientific, societal and economic importance. Here we review our progress in assessing potential impacts of onshore wind power on weather, climate and vegetation activity. A consensus is emerging based on observations and modeling studies that WFs cause a local to regional warming effect, particularly at nighttime, while the impacts on precipitation, wind patterns, crop yields and vegetation activity are uncertain. The warming effect results simply from vertical heat redistribution within the ABL due to turbine-enhanced vertical turbulent mixing in the wakes. At the global scale, with a substantial installation of WFs, mesoscale and climate models predicted large regional changes but small global impacts on temperature, while the impacts on precipitation, clouds, wind patterns and large-scale circulation have large uncertainties and are region specific and scale dependent. Despite increasing number of research efforts, our assessment of potential WF impacts is still very limited. Although the WF impacts are mostly local and limited to the near-surface ABL, this is the layer where we live and plants grow. Hence, more studies are needed to improve our understanding of WT-atmosphere-surface interactions and our capability to model and project the weather, climatic and ecological impacts of large WFs.

atmospheric boundary layer↗
DOE OSTI2023

Book Chapter: Small Modular Reactors

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have been a very promising development in nuclear power over the last two decades. SMRs are defined as nuclear reactors with a power output of less than 300 MWe. This is in comparison to gigawatt-size reactors, which can have electrical output of 1000–1500 MWe or more. This chapter will consist of two major sections. The first will be a detailed summary of the small modular reactor designs being proposed around the world. This section will focus on those that are the furthest along in their development, but will also include some information about the wide variety of proposed designs that require significant research and development. The second part will be a discussion of the remaining challenges to the adoption of SMRs as a major energy source. SMRs are not a new concept, but they do represent a new vision for an older concept. These reactors have the potential to become a major source of energy in the near future. The development of small, modular designs can help promote the adoption of nuclear energy by reducing upfront costs, reducing the financial risk associated with nuclear power, and the barriers to entry. However, the adoption of SMRs is not without challenges. Regulatory and licensing changes to address the unique benefits and concerns associated with SMRs will continue to be a challenge as regulators adapt to the unique features emerging from the design process. The development of new instrumentation and control systems is an ongoing issue. And economics is possibly the most significant challenge, with high construction costs, cheap natural gas, and government subsidies, combining to result in significant financial risk associated with adopting nuclear generation.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Workforce and Economic Development Considerations from the Operations and Maintenance of Wind Power Plants

As wind capacity in the United States grows, economic opportunities also emerge—supported by the development of the wind workforce, specifically in the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase. Moreover, almost all wind turbines in the United States—about 99%—are located in rural areas (American Wind Energy Association 2018). Communities in these rural areas can anticipate some degree of economic impact from the wind industry. However, the various stakeholders within these communities, such as local businesses and government officials, are not always fully informed of the workforce impacts caused by wind power plants during operational years (Stefek et al. 2019). Although several research studies have focused on workforce and economic impacts of land-based wind facilities (e.g., Tegen et al. 2014; Brown et al. 2012; Halvatzis and Keyser 2013), these studies focused on the quantity of workers and not on O&M workforce interactions with local communities, such as worker commuting and spending patterns. This report is intended to provide stakeholders and community decision makers with qualitative and quantitative information to enable informed decisions that support workforce planning around new wind energy deployment.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Viability of Vehicles Utilizing On-Board CO 2 Capture

Although battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles hold great promise for mitigating CO 2 emissions, there are still unaddressed sectors for electrified transport, e.g., the heavy-duty and long-range global shipping industry. In this Viewpoint, we examine the viability of CO 2 -neutral transportation using hydrocarbon or alcohol fuels, in which the CO 2 product is captured on-board the vehicle. This approach takes advantage of the unparalleled energy density of carbon-based fuels as needed for these energy-intensive applications. Here, a concept is developed considering the power technologies, infrastructure, and fuels required. Storage volume and mass requirements are calculated for a wide range of vehicle types and compared with those for other CO 2 -neutral options, namely hydrogen fuel cell and battery electric vehicles, and research and development needs to implement this technology are discussed.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Transient Efficiency Flexibility and Reliability Optimization of Coal-Fired Power Plants: Model-Predictive Control Library Development (Report)

This document pertains to the reporting requirements of DOE contract FE-0031767. The document covers the development of a model predictive control (MPC) library for implementing MPC for a general dynamic system. The library is implemented in a standardized manner in Matlab/Simulink, where core functions on model prediction, linearization and formulation and solution of a quadratic programming (QP) optimization problem is done in the core library - independent of the specific application. The user can provide the application-specific dynamic model in continuous and discrete time, to rapidly implement and test the MPC performance in a desktop simulation. The MPC optimization objective and constraints are also easily configured via an Excel file to allow iterative refinement as needed. Finally, the MPC library enables a rapid deployment to a target environment through auto C-code generation and containerization. The MPC library works seamlessly with the model based estimation (MBE) library to obtain the overall output feedback control solution. In this program, the reduced order model (ROM) of a coal-fired power plant (CFPP) is used to implement and test the MPC solution.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2023

Status of the laser manipulations of H- beam at J-PARC

The laser manipulations of H- ion beam by single or double neutralization is a very promising technique and highly essential to utilized in accelerator processes such as stripping, pulse chopping, collimation, extraction, and beam diagnostics for the present and future high-intensity proton accelerators. At J-PARC, we are preparing for a POP (Proof-of-Principle) demonstration 400 MeV H- stripping by using only lasers. A prototype YAG laser system and a laser cavity system to reduce the laser power are being developed through 3 MeV H- neutralization studies. Fermilab utilizes H- neutralization at 0.75 MeV by establishing a laser Notcher system for a gap in the H- pulse needed for a clean beam extraction from the ring. To minimize the laser power and maximize the interaction efficiency are common issue at both laboratories. Under the US-Japan collaboration for high-intensity neutrino beam, we are closely working to establish recycling/reusing of seed laser pulses to reduce a size of the laser system. In parallel, we have also developed non-destructive beam diagnostic systems at lower H- energy of 3 MeV, which will be implemented to the 400 MeV as well as easily applicable to the Fermilab linac including PIP-II linac. Installation of the laser system at J-PARC linac for 400 MeV H- stripping is ongoing to start the POP experimental study in 2023.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Low-field-orientation effect on REBCO tape performance and its power cable application

Low field characteristics, including field orientation dependence relations for four different commercially available REBCO tapes, were investigated in an external field of up to 0.3 T at 77 K. A design method of the performance of a twisted stacked-tape conductor (TSTC) has been developed for a power transmission line. Cable critical current is obtained from an averaged self-field distributed over the cable cross section and the minimum critical current obtained from the field orientation dependence in transverse fields experimentally measured for the single tapes. The performance of three types of TSTCs, i.e., single-, double-, and triple-channel configurations, has been assessed for the four REBCO tapes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance and power modeling and prediction using MuMMI and 10 machine learning methods

Energy-efficient scientific applications require insight into how high performance computing system features impact the applications' power and performance. This insight can result from the development of performance and power models. Here, in this article, we use the modeling and prediction tool MuMMI (Multiple Metrics Modeling Infrastructure) and 10 machine learning methods to model and predict performance and power consumption and compare their prediction error rates. We use an algorithm-based fault-tolerant linear algebra code and a multilevel checkpointing fault-tolerant heat distribution code to conduct our modeling and prediction study on the Cray XC40 Theta and IBM BG/Q Mira at Argonne National Laboratory and the Intel Haswell cluster Shepard at Sandia National Laboratories. Our experimental results show that the prediction error rates in performance and power using MuMMI are less than 10% for most cases. By utilizing the models for runtime, node power, CPU power, and memory power, we identify the most significant performance counters for potential application optimizations, and we predict theoretical outcomes of the optimizations. Based on two collected datasets, we analyze and compare the prediction accuracy in performance and power consumption using MuMMI and 10 machine learning methods.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗