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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Thin Film Sensors for Fission Surface Power

Physical sensors fabricated with thin films could result a significant savings in space and weight with improved reliability for monitoring the long-term operation of fission surface power systems. Thin film sensors of 1 µm or less are attractive for FSP applications because they can be incorporated onto component surfaces with minimal machining and the additional weight to a system is minimal compared to thick film-, wire-, or foil-based sensors. The thin, surface fabrication of the sensors is also expected to make them less susceptible to deep dose effects that affect thicker sensors. An overview of thin film sensors using thermocouples and resistive elements designed, fabricated, and demonstrated at GRC for aerospace applications exceeding 900°C is presented.

Fission Surface Power↗
NASA NTRS1943

Adaptor for Measuring Principal Strains with Tuckerman Strain Gage

An adapter is described which uses three Tuckerman optical strain gages to measure the displacement of the three vortices of an equilateral triangle along lines 120 degrees apart. These displacements are substituted in well-known equations in order to compute the magnitude and direction of the principal strains. Tests of the adaptor indicate that principal strains over a gage length of 1.42 inch may be measured with a systematic error not exceeding 4 percent and a mean observational error of the order of + or minus 0.000006. The maximum observed error in strain was of the order of 0.00006. The directions of principal strains for unidirectional stress were measured with the adaptor with an average error of the order of 1 degree.

INSTRUMENTS-STRAIN GAUGES-RUGE & DE FOREST↗
NASA NTRS2001

Long-term measurement of bone strain in vivo: the rat tibia

Despite the importance of strain in regulating bone metabolism, knowledge of strains induced in bone in vivo during normal activities is limited to short-term studies. Biodegeneration of the bond between gauge and bone is the principle cause of this limitation. To overcome the problem of bond degeneration, a unique calcium phosphate ceramic (CPC) coating has been developed that permits long-term attachment of microminiature strain gauges to bone. Using this technique, we report the first long-term measurements of bone strain in the rat tibia. Gauges, mounted on the tibia, achieved peak or near peak bonding at 7 weeks. Measurements were made between 7-10 weeks. Using ambulation on a treadmill, the pattern and magnitude of strain measured in the tibia remained relatively constant between 7-10 weeks post implantation. That strain levels were similar at 7 and 10 weeks suggests that gauge bonding is stable. These data demonstrate that CPC-coated strain gauges can be used to accurately measure bone strain for extended periods, and provide an in vivo assessment of tibial strain levels during normal ambulation in the rat. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Non-programmatic↗
NASA NTRS1989

Bonding Gauges To Carbon/Carbon Composites

Thermal-expansion properties modified to prevent bonds from failing. Proposed transition layer deposited between substrate and strain or temperature gauge to be bonded to substrate. Intended particularly for gauges that must operate at temperatures above 600 degrees F (320 degrees C) and substrates like fiber-reinforced carbon/carbon composites. Reduces stress caused by difference between thermal expansions of gauge and substrate materials. Without transition layer, stress often weakens or breaks bond.

Lemcoe, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Three-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation of a Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel During Hydrostatic Pressure Tests

Ambient temperature hydrostatic pressurization tests were conducted on a composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) to understand the fiber stresses in COPV components. Two three-dimensional digital image correlation systems with high speed cameras were used in the evaluation to provide full field displacement and strain data for each pressurization test. A few of the key findings will be discussed including how the principal strains provided better insight into system behavior than traditional gauges, a high localized strain that was measured where gages were not present and the challenges of measuring curved surfaces with the use of a 1.25 in. thick layered polycarbonate panel that protected the cameras.

Revilock, Duane M., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1942

Normal-pressure Tests of Circular Plates with Clamped Edges

A fixture is described for making normal-pressure tests of flat plates 5 inches in diameter in which particular care was taken to obtain rigid clamping at the edges. Results are given for 19 plates, ranging in thickness from 0.015 to 0.072 inch. The center deflections and the extreme-fiber stresses at low pressures were found to agree with theoretical values; the center deflections at high pressures were 4 to 12 percent greater than the theoretical values. Empirical curves are derived of the pressure for the beginning of permanent set as a function of the dimensions of the plate and the tensile properties of the material.

CIRCULAR↗
NASA NTRS1980

Thermomechanical processing of Haynes alloy No. 188 sheet to improve creep strength

A study has been carried out with the objective of improving the low-strain creep strength of thin gauge (0.38 mm) sheet of Haynes alloy No. 188, a candidate material for the heat shields of advanced reentry and hypersonic vehicles. It is found that significant improvements in the low-strain creep strength are obtained in sheets with a strong recrystallized texture produced by a thermomechanical treatment. The optimum results are achieved after 80% final coldwork followed by a 10-min anneal at 1505 K.

Klarstrom, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The use of the PUCOT for elastic modulus measurements on intermetallics at high temperatures

The piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (PUCOT) is being applied to measure the elastic constants of the aluminides in the temperature ranges 300 to 1700 K (CoAl and NiAl) and 300 to 1500 K (FeAl). The PUCOT consists of piezoelectric quartz drive and gauge crystals to excite longitudinal or torsional ultrasonic (80 kHz) resonant stress waves in the specimen and alumina spacer rod of appropriate resonant lengths. The resonant system is driven by a closed loop oscillator which maintains a constant gauge voltage and hence constant strain amplitude in the specimen. While the specimen is heated at 20 K/h the resonant period is measured continuously. The elastic moduli are calculated from these values of the resonant period and accurate determinations of specimen length. The technique is described and some results given.

Wolfenden, A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Optical strain measurement system development, phase 1

A laser speckle, differential strain measurement system was built and tested for future applications in hostile environments. One dimensional electronic correlation of speckle pattern movement allows a quasi-real time measure of strain. The system was used successfully to measure uniaxial strain reaching into plastic deformation of a test specimen, at temperatures ranging to 450 C. A resolution of 16 microstrain is given by the photodiode array sensor pitch and the specimen to sensor separation. The strain measurement limit of the gauge is determined by air density perturbations causing decorrelation of the reference and shifted speckle patterns, and may be improved by limiting convective flow in the immediate vicinity of the test specimen.

Lant, Christian T.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Fatigue Life Estimation under Cumulative Cyclic Loading Conditions

The cumulative fatigue behavior of a cobalt-base superalloy, Haynes 188 was investigated at 760 C in air. Initially strain-controlled tests were conducted on solid cylindrical gauge section specimens of Haynes 188 under fully-reversed, tensile and compressive mean strain-controlled fatigue tests. Fatigue data from these tests were used to establish the baseline fatigue behavior of the alloy with 1) a total strain range type fatigue life relation and 2) the Smith-Wastson-Topper (SWT) parameter. Subsequently, two load-level multi-block fatigue tests were conducted on similar specimens of Haynes 188 at the same temperature. Fatigue lives of the multi-block tests were estimated with 1) the Linear Damage Rule (LDR) and 2) the nonlinear Damage Curve Approach (DCA) both with and without the consideration of mean stresses generated during the cumulative fatigue tests. Fatigue life predictions by the nonlinear DCA were much closer to the experimentally observed lives than those obtained by the LDR. In the presence of mean stresses, the SWT parameter estimated the fatigue lives more accurately under tensile conditions than under compressive conditions.

Kalluri, Sreeramesh↗
NASA NTRS1984

Development of improved low-strain creep strength in Cabot alloy R-41 sheet

The feasibility of improving the low-strain creep properties of a thin gauge nickel base sheet alloy through modified heat treatment or through development of a preferred crystal-lographic texture was investigated. The basic approach taken to improve the creep strength of the material by heat treatment was to increase grain size by raising the solution treatment temperature for the alloy to the range of 1420 K to 1475 K (2100 F to 2200 F). The key technical issue involved was maintenance of adequate tensile ductility following the solutioning of M6C primary carbides during the higher temperature solution treatment. The approach to improve creep properties by developing a sheet texture involved varying both annealing temperatures and the amount of prior cold work. Results identified a heat treatment for alloy R-14 sheet which yields a substantial creep-life advantage at temperatures above 1090 K (1500 F) when compared with material given the standard heat treatment. At the same time, this treatment provides reasonable tensile ductility over the entire temperature range of interest. The mechanical properties of the material given the new heat treatment are compared with those for material given the standard heat treatment. Attempts to improve creep strength by developing a sheet texture were unsuccessful.

Rothman, M. F.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Acoustic-wave detection via a piezoelectric field-effect transducer.

An oriented piezoelectric film has been incorporated in the insulator region of a silicon insulated-gate field-effect transistor to provide a sensitive high-frequency strain transducer. With this device, strains as low as 10 to the -8th power have been detected, and gauge factors of roughly 7000 have been attained for applied ac strains at 5.6 MHz.

Greeneich, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Bithermal fatigue: A simplified alternative to thermomechanical fatigue

A bithermal fatigue test technique was proposed as a simplified alternative to the thermomechanical fatigue test. Both the thermomechanical cycle and the bithermal technique can be used to study nonisothermal fatigue behavior. The difference between the two cycles is that in a conventional thermomechanical fatigue cycle the temperature is continuously varied concurrently with the applied mechanical strains, but in the bithermal fatigue cycle the specimen is held at zero load during the temperature excursions and all the loads are applied at the two extreme temperatures of the cycle. Experimentally, the bithermal fatigue test technique offers advantages such as ease in synchronizing the temperature and mechanical strain waveforms, in minimizing temperature gradients in the specimen gauge length, and in reducing and interpreting thermal fatigue such as the influence of alternate high and low temperatures on the cyclic stress-strain response characteristics, the effects of thermal state, and the possibility of introducing high- and low-temperature deformation mechanisms within the same cycle. The bithermal technique was used to study nonisothermal fatigue behavior of alloys such as single-crystal PWA 1480, single-crystal Rene N4, cast B1900+Hf, and wrought Haynes 188.

Verrilli, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS1965

Differential pressure gauge has fast response

Differential pressure gage with semiconductor type strain gage elements measures rapidly changing pressure. Output of the strain gage elements is a dc voltage that is directly proportional to the pressure difference being measured.

Weber, H. S.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Thermomechanical processing of HAYNES alloy No. 188 sheet to improve creep strength

Improvements in the low strain creep strength of HAYNES alloy No. 188 thin gauge sheet by means of thermomechanical processing were developed. Processing methods designed to develop a sheet with strong crystallographic texture after recrystallization and to optimize grain size were principally studied. The effects of thickness-to-grain diameter ratio and prestrain on low strain creep strength were also briefly examined. Results indicate that the most significant improvements were obtained in the sheets having a strong crystallographic texture. The low strain creep strength of the textured sheets was observed to be superior to that of standard production sheets in the 922 K to 1255 K temperature range. Tensile, stress rupture, fabricability, and surface stability properties of the experimental sheets were also measured and compared to property values reported for the baseline production sheets.

Klarstrom, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

High temperature optical strain measurement system

A high temperature strain measurement system being developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center utilizes laser speckle shift relations to measure strain components on the surface of a hot specimen in near real time. Features of this system include a totally noncontacting measurement capability and a rotatable gauge axis, allowing an optical rosette to be implemented and principal strains to be determined. Preliminary results and background work are presented.

Lant, Christian T.↗