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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1973

Solid core in neutron stars.

Consideration of the question of the solidification of neutron matter under a sufficiently high pressure. Calculations are presented which show that under conditions of pressure and density that typically prevail in the interior of a neutron star a system of strongly interacting baryons minimizes the energy by arranging the constituents in a lattice structure. In addition, observational evidence (regarding pulsar spinups or glitches) is cited which supports the idea of a solid neutron core for heavy neutron stars.

Canuto, V.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Viscous flow over spinning cones at angle of attack.

A numerical finite-difference method is developed for evaluating the Magnus coefficients on spinning cones in laminar flow. The merged layer, the strong interaction region, and the downstream boundary layer are all considered. The numerical method is a predictor-corrector scheme developed for three-dimensional flows with or without crossflow diffusion. This method is particularly useful in problems in which a symmetry plane does not exist. Several contributions to the Magnus force and moments are considered. These include asymmetries in displacement thickness, centrifugal force and crossflow shear, and the effects of crossflow separation and vortex formation. Comparisons are made with experimental data and other analyses.

Lin, T. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Solidification in neutron star cores

A mathematical computation based on the t-matrix approach shows that a system of strongly interacting baryons under sufficiently high pressure (approximately 10 to the 30th power atm) and densities greater than 10 to the 15th power g/cu cm minimizes the energy by arranging the constituents in a lattice structure rather than in a fluid phase. The solution is given assuming an optimum spin arrangement, although all other possible arrangements would also satisfy the conditions for crystallization to occur.

Canuto, V.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Internal hypersonic flow

An approach for studying hypersonic internal flow with the aid of a thin-shock-layer approximation is discussed, giving attention to a comparison of thin-shock-layer results with the data obtained on the basis of the imposition theory or a finite-difference integration of the Euler equations. Relations in the case of strong interaction are considered together with questions of pressure distribution and aspects of the boundary-layer solution.

Lin, T. C.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Alternative explanations for the observations of unknown heavy-mass particles in cosmic-ray showers

Several experiments were conducted in the 1960s in search of unknown heavy-mass strongly interacting particles in cosmic rays using an experimental technique suggested by B. Peters et al. (1965). The experiments looked for particles which are delayed more than 20 nanoseconds behind the front of EAS and deposit more than 20 GeV in a calorimeter. None of the experimental results demand the existence of such particles. All observations can be interpreted as due either to incident nuclei or to inaccurate estimates of the systematics with energy determination using calorimeters.

Orth, C. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Observations at Mercury encounter by the plasma science experiment on Mariner 10

A fully developed bow shock and magnetosheath were observed near Mercury, providing unambiguous evidence for a strong interaction between Mercury and the solar wind. Inside the sheath there is a distinct region analogous to the magnetosphere or magnetotail of earth, populated by electrons with lower density and higher temperature than the electrons observed in the solar wind or magnetosheath. At the time of encounter, conditions were such that a perpendicular shock was observed on the inbound leg and a parallel shock was observed on the outbound leg of the trajectory, and energetic plasma electron events were detected upstream from the outbound shock crossing. The interaction is most likely not atmospheric, but the data clearly indicate that the obstacle to solar wind flow is magnetic, either intrinsic or induced.

Ogilvie, K. W.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Science payload

The representative science payload of an outer planet atmospheric entry probe is described. The instrumental details are based on experiments that have been successfully flown in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus. The incorporation of these instruments into an outer planet probe requires a strong interaction between instrument designer and probe designer. The installation of the instruments into a 250 lb entry probe is illustrated.

Myers, H.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Substorms on Mercury?

Qualitative similarities between some of the variations in the Mercury encounter data and variations in the corresponding regions of the earth's magnetosphere during substorms are pointed out. The Mariner 10 data on Mercury show a strong interaction between the solar wind and the plant similar to a scaled down version of that for the earth's magnetosphere. Some of the features observed in the night side Mercury magnetosphere suggest time dependent processes occurring there.

Siscoe, G. L.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Calculation of rotational transition probabilities in molecular collisions - Application to N2 + N2

A computational method is proposed to obtain rotational transition probabilities in collisions between two diatomic molecules. The potential method of Rabitz and an exponential approximation are used to solve the semiclassical coupled equations without invoking any perturbational technique. The collision trajectory is determined in the classical modified-wave-number approximation. The method can treat systems involving strong interactions and provide probabilities for transitions even with a multiquantum jump. A simultaneous transition in the rotational states of both molecules, i.e., the rotational-rotational energy transfer, is taken into account. An application to the system N2 + N2 is presented.

Itikawa, Y.↗

NASA NTRS1975

On sound transmission into a thin cylindrical shell under 'flight conditions'

A mathematical model for sound transmission into a thin cylindrical shell is used to study sound transmission under flight conditions, i.e., under conditions of external air flow past a pressurized cylinder at flight altitude. Numerical results for different incidence angles are presented for a typical narrow-bodied jet in cruising flight at 10,660 m with interior pressure at 2440 m. A comparison is made between no-flow sound transmission at standard conditions on the ground to sound transmission under flight conditions. It is shown that at M = 0, the cylinder transmission loss (TL) has dips at the cylinder ring frequency (fR) and the critical frequency (fc) for a flat panel of same material and thickness as shell. Between fR and fc, cylinder TL follows a mass-law behavior. Flow provides a modest increase in TL in the mass-law region, and strongly interacts with the cylinder resonances below fR.

Koval, L. R.↗

NASA NTRS1976

An analysis of the generation of subharmonics in aeroengine ducts and methods of their prevention

When the fans of aero-engine ducts go supersonic they often produce radiation at the subharmonics of blade passage frequency known as Multiple Pure Tones. It has been shown that the conventional explanation that these MPTs are created by the shock waves is inadequate. An alternative mechanism based on the concept of 'strong interaction' between the harmonics during resonance is proposed. Expression for the governing equation for such an interaction is derived. The results show an improved agreement with observed data. The analysis has also led to several practical suggestions for the suppression of noise.

Vaidya, P. G.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Thermodynamics of a solar mixture of molecular hydrogen and helium at high pressure

The thermodynamic properties of a model molecular hydrogen and helium mixture are calculated in the strongly interacting region of 0.005 to 0.3 per cu cm for a range of temperatures that are of interest for the envelopes of the Jovian planets. Computed adiabats fit the gravity data and boundary conditions from model atmospheres of Jupiter.

Slattery, W. L.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Modeling the complete Otto cycle: Preliminary version

A description is given of the equations and the computer program being developed to model the complete Otto cycle. The program incorporates such important features as: (1) heat transfer, (2) finite combustion rates, (3) complete chemical kinetics in the burned gas, (4) exhaust gas recirculation, and (5) manifold vacuum or supercharging. Changes in thermodynamic, kinetic and transport data as well as model parameters can be made without reprogramming. Preliminary calculations indicate that: (1) chemistry and heat transfer significantly affect composition and performance, (2) there seems to be a strong interaction among model parameters, and (3) a number of cycles must be calculated in order to obtain steady-state conditions.

Zeleznik, F. J.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Computer-aided methods for analysis and synthesis of supersonic cruise aircraft structures

Computer-aided methods are reviewed which are being developed by Langley Research Center in-house work and by related grants and contracts. Synthesis methods to size structural members to meet strength and stiffness (flutter) requirements are emphasized and described. Because of the strong interaction among the aerodynamic loads, structural stiffness, and member sizes of supersonic cruise aircraft structures, these methods are combined into systems of computer programs to perform design studies. The approaches used in organizing these systems to provide efficiency, flexibility of use in an iterative process, and ease of system modification are discussed.

Giles, G. L.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Effect of virtual memory on efficient solution of two model problems

Computers with virtual memory architecture allow programs to be written as if they were small enough to be contained in memory. Two types of problems are investigated to show that this luxury can lead to quite an inefficient performance if the programmer does not interact strongly with the characteristics of the operating system when developing the program. The two problems considered are the simultaneous solutions of a large linear system of equations by Gaussian elimination and a model three-dimensional finite-difference problem. The Control Data STAR-100 computer runs are made to demonstrate the inefficiencies of programming the problems in the manner one would naturally do if the problems were indeed, small enough to be contained in memory. Program redesigns are presented which achieve large improvements in performance through changes in the computational procedure and the data base arrangement.

Lambiotte, J. J., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1977

The ionospheres and plasma tails of comets

The paper reviews the current state of knowledge about cometary plasma (type I) tails and ionospheres. Observational statistics for type I tails are examined along with spectroscopic observations of plasma tails, identified ion species in such tails, and the morphology of cometary plasma tails and ionospheres. Evidence for a strong interaction between comets and the solar wind is evaluated on the basis of observations of plasma-tail orientations, large accelerations of tail structures, and correlations between disturbances in type I tails and solar-wind or geomagnetic disturbances. The use of comets as solar-wind probes is discussed, the nature of comet-solar-wind interactions is investigated, and ionization sources for cometary gases are considered. Hydrodynamic models of comet-solar-wind interaction are summarized, and the structure and ion chemistry of cometary ionospheres are studied. Observations suggesting that significant magnetic fields are associated with comets are briefly reviewed and interpreted.

Mendis, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Modeling the complete Otto cycle - Preliminary version

Zeleznik, F. J.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Supersonic separated turbulent boundary - layer over a wavy wall

A prediction method is developed for calculating distributions of surface heating rates, pressure and skin friction over a wavy wall in a two-dimensional supersonic flow. Of particular interest is the flow of thick turbulent boundary layers. The surface geometry and the flow conditions considered are such that there exists a strong interaction between the viscous and inviscid flow. First, using the interacting turbulent boundary layer equations, the problem is formulated in physical coordinates and then a reformulation of the governing equations in terms of Levy-Lees variables is given. Next, a numerical scheme for solving interacting boundary layer equations is adapted. A number of modifications which led to the improvement of the numerical algorithm are discussed. Finally, results are presented for flow over a train of up to six waves at various flow conditions.

Polak, A.↗