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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Stress analysis study in cooled radial inflow turbine

With increased turbine inlet temperatures, numerical methods of thermal and stress analysis are becoming more valuable in the design of air-cooled turbines. This paper presents a study of the stresses associated with different cooling patterns in a radial inflow turbine rotor. The finite element method is used in the stress calculations taking into consideration centrifugal, thermal and aerodynamic loading. The effects of temperature distribution and the presence of internal cooling passages are discussed.

Hamed, A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Effects of film injection on performance of a cooled turbine

Some of the most dramatic increases in the performance of turbojet and turbofan aircraft engines have been obtained as a result of increased thermodynamic cycle temperatures made possible by the use of film cooling techniques. The realization of the potential performance gains, however, is only possible if the quantity of cooling air and the aerodynamic mixing losses resulting from the injection of coolant in the form of film on the flowpath surfaces are minimized. Such a minimization requires a more complete understanding of the relationship between cooling and aerodynamics. A review is conducted of tests which have been conducted to determine the effects of coolant injection on turbine performance. The results obtained in the tests are compared with an analytical technique developed for predicting coolant injection effects. Particular attention is given to the effects of turbine cooling on overall cycle thermodynamic efficiency, taking into account incremental changes in turbine thermodynamic efficiency for various incremental changes in coolant flow rate.

Mcdonel, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Open-Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Combined Cycles with synthetic fuels from coal

The Open-Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Combined Cycle can be an effective energy conversion system for converting coal to electricity. The intermediate step in this energy conversion process is to convert the coal into a fuel acceptable to a gas turbine. This can be accomplished by producing a synthetic gas or liquid, and by removing, in the fuel conversion step, the elements in the fuel that would be harmful to the environment if combusted. In this paper, two open-cycle gas turbine combined systems are evaluated: one employing an integrated low-Btu gasifier, and one utilizing a semi-clean liquid fuel. A consistent technical/economic information base is developed for these two systems, and is compared with a reference steam plant burning coal directly in a conventional furnace.

Shah, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Microprocessor control of a wind turbine generator

A microprocessor based system was used to control the unattended operation of a wind turbine generator. The turbine and its microcomputer system are fully described with special emphasis on the wide variety of tasks performed by the microprocessor for the safe and efficient operation of the turbine. The flexibility, cost and reliability of the microprocessor were major factors in its selection.

Gnecco, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Engineering handbook on the atmospheric environmental guidelines for use in wind turbine generator development

The guidelines are given in the form of design criteria relative to wind speed, wind shear, turbulence, wind direction, ice and snow loading, and other climatological parameters which include rain, hail, thermal effects, abrasive and corrosive effects, and humidity. This report is a presentation of design criteria in an engineering format which can be directly input to wind turbine generator design computations. Guidelines are also provided for developing specialized wind turbine generators or for designing wind turbine generators which are to be used in a special region of the United States.

Frost, W.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Safety considerations in the design and operation of large wind turbines

The engineering and safety techniques used to assure the reliable and safe operation of large wind turbine generators utilizing the Mod 2 Wind Turbine System Program as an example is described. The techniques involve a careful definition of the wind turbine's natural and operating environments, use of proven structural design criteria and analysis techniques, an evaluation of potential failure modes and hazards, and use of a fail safe and redundant component engineering philosophy. The role of an effective quality assurance program, tailored to specific hardware criticality, and the checkout and validation program developed to assure system integrity are described.

Reilly, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Conceptual design study of improved automotives gas turbine powertrain

Twenty-two candidate engine concepts and nineteen transmission concepts. Screening of these concepts, predominantly for fuel economy, cost and technical risk, resulted in a recommended powertrain consisting of a single-shaft engine, with a ceramic radial turbine rotor, connected through a differential split-power transmission utilizing a variable stator torque converter and a four speed automatic gearbox. Vehicle fuel economy and performance projections, preliminary design analyses and installation studies in a were completed. A cost comparison with the conventional spark ignited gasoline engine showed that the turbine engine would be more expensive initially, however, lifetime cost of ownership is in favor of the gas turbine. A powertrain research and development plan was constructed to gain information on timing and costs to achieve the required level of technology and demonstrate the engine in a vehicle by the year 1983.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1979

Single shaft automotive gas turbine engine characterization test

An automotive gas turbine incorporating a single stage centrifugal compressor and a single stage radial inflow turbine is described. Among the engine's features is the use of wide range variable geometry at the inlet guide vanes, the compressor diffuser vanes, and the turbine inlet vanes to achieve improved part load fuel economy. The engine was tested to determine its performance in both the variable geometry and equivalent fixed geometry modes. Testing was conducted without the originally designed recuperator. Test results were compared with the predicted performance of the nonrecuperative engine based on existing component rig test maps. Agreement between test results and the computer model was achieved.

Johnson, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Design and operating experience on the U.S. Department of Energy Experimental Mod-O 100 kW Wind Turbine

The Mod-O 100 kW Experimental Wind Turbine was designed and fabricated by NASA, as part of the Federal Wind Energy Program, to assess technology requirements and engineering problems of large wind turbines. The machine became operational in October 1975 and has demonstrated successful operation in all of its design modes. During the course of its operations the machine has generated a wealth of experimental data and has served as a prototype developmental test bed for the Mod-OA operational wind turbines which are currently used on utility networks. This paper describes the mechanical and control systems as they evolved in operational tests and describes some of the experience with various systems in the downwind rotor configuration.

Glasgow, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Microprocessor control of a wind turbine generator

This paper describes a microprocessor based system used to control the unattended operation of a wind turbine generator. The turbine and its microcomputer system are fully described with special emphasis on the wide variety of tasks performed by the microprocessor for the safe and efficient operation of the turbine. The flexibility, cost and reliability of the microprocessor were major factors in its selection.

Gnecco, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Large horizontal axis wind turbine development

The paper presents an overview of the NASA activities in large horizontal axis wind turbine development. First generation technology large wind turbines (Mod-0A, Mod-1) have been designed and are in operation at selected utility sites. Second generation machines (Mod-2) are scheduled to begin operations on a utility site in 1980. These machines are estimated to generate electricity at less than 4 cents/kWh when manufactured in modest production rates. Meanwhile, plans are being made to continue developing wind turbines which can meet the cost goals of 2 to 3 cents/kWh.

Robbins, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Lewis Research Center studies of multiple large wind turbine generators on a utility network

A NASA-Lewis program to study the anticipated performance of a wind turbine generator farm on an electric utility network is surveyed. The paper describes the approach of the Lewis Wind Energy Project Office to developing analysis capabilities in the area of wind turbine generator-utility network computer simulations. Attention is given to areas such as, the Lewis Purdue hybrid simulation, an independent stability study, DOE multiunit plant study, and the WEST simulator. Also covered are the Lewis mod-2 simulation including analog simulation of a two wind turbine system and comparison with Boeing simulation results, and gust response of a two machine model. Finally future work to be done is noted and it is concluded that the study shows little interaction between the generators and between the generators and the bus.

Gilbert, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Turbine sizing of a solar thermal power plant

Since the insolation is intermittent, thermal energy storage is necessary to extend the time of power generation with solar heat past sunset. There are two approaches to specifying the size of turbine-generator units depending on the system operation. In the first approach, the turbine operates at its full capacity when operating on direct solar heat, and at reduced capacity when operating on collected heat out of energy storage. In the second approach, the turbine will always operate at a uniform level either on derated energy from the receiver or from energy storage. Both of these approaches have certain advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a simple analysis is outlined and exercised to compare the performance and economics of these two approaches.

Manvi, R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Control and stabilization of the DOE/NASA Mod-1 two megawatt wind turbine generator

This paper describes the controls design, performance simulation process and specialized dynamic considerations for the DOE/NASA Mod 1 wind turbine generator (WTG). It shows controls, structural and utility interface considerations of the wind turbine generator and shows how a wind turbine generator can be integrated with a synchronous power system. Differences with respect to fossil or hydro generation and their implications are vital to long-term WTG reliability and availability and acceptance by utilities and consumers. The paper describes the control performance requirements to provide stable pitch and excitation control with drivetrain torsional dynamics, and the control of power swing stability and utility feeder voltage due to wind gusts.

Barton, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Abradable compressor and turbine seals, volume 1

The application and advantages of abradable coatings as gas-path seals in a general aviation turbine engine were evaluated for use on the high-pressure compressor, the high-pressure turbine, and the low-pressure turbine shrouds. Topics covered include: (1) the initial selection of candidate materials for interim full-scale engine testing; (2) interim engine testing of the initially selected materials and additional candidate materials; (3) the design of the component required to adapt the hardware to permit full-scale engine testing of the most promising materials; (4) finalization of the fabrication methods used in the manufacture of engine test hardware; and (5) the manufacture of the hardware necessary to support the final full-scale engine tests.

Sundberg, D. V.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Temperature and pressure measurement techniques for an advanced turbine test facility

A high pressure, high-temperature turbine test facility constructed for use in turbine cooling research is described. Several recently developed temperature and pressure measuring techniques are used in this facility. The measurement techniques, their status, previous applications and some results are discussed. Noncontact surface temperature measurements are made by optical methods. Radiation pyrometry principles combined with photoelectric scanning are used for rotating components and infrared photography for stationary components. Contact (direct) temperature and pressure measurements on rotating components are expected to be handled with an 80 channel rotary data package which mounts on and rotates with the turbine shaft at speeds up to 17,500 rpm. The data channels are time-division multiplexed and converted to digital words in the data package. A rotary transformer couples power and digital data to and from the shaft.

Pollack, F. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Status of the DOE/NASA critical gas turbine research and technology project

Activities performed in order to provide an R&T data base for utility gas turbine systems burning coal-derived fuels are described. Experiments were run to determine the corrosivity effects of trace metal contaminants (and potential fuel additives) on gas turbine materials and these results were correlated in a corrosion-life prediction model. Actual fuels were burned in a burner rig hot corrosion test to verify the model. A deposition prediction model was assembled and compared with results of actual coal-derived fuel deposition tests. Thermal barrier coatings were tested to determine their potential for protecting gas turbine hardware from the corrosive contaminants. Several coatings were identified with significantly improved spallation-resistance (and, hence, corrosion resistance).

Clark, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Results of a utility survey of the status of large wind turbine development

Wind energy conversion systems were surveyed from a utility viewpoint to establish the state of the art with regard to: (1) availability of the type of machines; (2) quality of power generation; (3) suitability for electrical grid; (4) reliability; and (5) economics. Of the 23 designs discussed, 7 have vertical axis wind turbines, 9 have upwind horizontal axis turbines, and 7 have downwind horizontal axis turbines.

Watts, A.↗