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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2004

Microgravity Environment on the International Space Station

A primary feature of the International Space Station will be its microgravity environment--an environment in which the effects of gravity are drastically reduced. The International Space Station design has been driven by a long-standing, high-level requirement for a microgravity mode of operation. Various types of data are gathered when science experiments are conducted. The acceleration levels experienced during experiment operation should be factored into the analysis of the results of most microgravity experiments. To this end, the Space Acceleration Measurement System records the acceleration levels to support microgravity researchers for nearly three years of International Space Station operations. The Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project assists the experiments principal investigators with their analysis of the acceleration (microgravity) environment. The Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project provides cataloged data, periodic analysis summary reports, specialized reports for experiment teams, and real-time data in a variety of user-defined formats. Characterization of the various microgravity carriers (e.g., Shuttle and International Space Station) is also accomplished for the experiment teams. Presented in this paper will be a short description of how microgravity disturbances may affect some experiment classes, a snapshot of the microgravity environment, and a view into how well the space station is expected to meet the user requirements.

DeLombard, Richard↗
NASA NTRS1990

Rate-based congestion control in networks with smart links, revision

The author uses a network simulator to explore rate-based congestion control in networks with smart links that can feed back information to tell senders to adjust their transmission rates. This method differs in a very important way from congestion control in which a congested network component just drops packets - the most commonly used method. It is clearly advantageous for the links in the network to communicate with the end users about the network capacity, rather than the users unilaterally picking a transmission rate. The components in the middle of the network, not the end users, have information about the capacity and traffic in the network. The author experiments with three different algorithms for calculating the control rate to feed back to the users. All of the algorithms exhibit problems in the form of large queues when simulated with a configuration modeling the dynamics of a packet-voice system. However, the problems are not with the algorithms themselves, but with the fact that feedback takes time. If the network steady-state utilization is low enough that it can absorb transients in the traffic through it, then the large queues disappear. If the users are modified to start sending slowly, to allow the network to adapt to a new flow without causing congestion, a greater portion of the network's bandwidth can be used.

Heybey, Andrew Tyrrell↗
NASA NTRS1976

SEASAT - A candidate ocean industry economic verification experiments

The economic benefits of an operational SEASAT system are discussed in the areas of marine transportation, offshore oil and natural gas exploration and development, ocean fishing, and Arctic operations. A description of the candidate economic verification experiments which could be performed with SEASAT-A is given. With the exception of the area of Arctic operations, experiments have been identified in each of the areas of ocean based activity that are expected to show an economic impact from the use of operational SEASAT data. Experiments have been identified in the areas of the offshore oil and natural gas industry, as well as ice monitoring and coastal zone applications. Emphasis has been placed on the identification and the development of those experiments which meet criteria for: (1) end user participation; (2) SEASAT-A data utility; (3) measurability of operational parameters to demonstrate economic effect; and (4) non-proprietary nature of results.

Miller, B. P.↗
NASA NTRS1987

NASA space information systems overview

A major objective of NASA space missions is the gathering of information that when analyzed, compared, and interpreted furthers man's knowledge of his planet and surrounding universe. A space information system is the combination of data gathering, data processing, and data transport capabilities that interact to provide the underlying services that enable that advancement in understanding. Past space projects have been characterized by rather disjoint data systems that often did not satisfy user requirements. NASA has learned from those experiences, however, and now is conceptualizing a new generation of sophisticated, integrated space information systems suitable to the wide range of near future space endeavors. This paper examines the characteristics of recent data systems and, based upon that characterization, outlines the scope and attributes of future systems. A description if offered of the information system for the Space Station Program as one real example of such advanced capabilities.

Hall, Dana L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Connectivity is the key

Connectivity that would allow users at home to interact with an experiment in space and with facilities and services worldwide is a primary goal of the international Space Station program. The systems supporting such connectivity, including the Space Station Information System, the Technical and Management Information System, and the Software Support Environment, are discussed here. The primary purposes of each system and their operational data are addressed.

Hall, Dana L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Level 2 software reuse study

The Space Station Freedom Program (SSFP) Level 2 Software Reuse Study group was formed by Bob Nelson (NASA SSFP) from members of the Information Systems Program Support Contract (PSC) team. The objectives of the study were to identify existing software reuse libraries, to identify existing reusability processes and experiences, to identify reusability analysis tools and users, and to provide recommendations for a software reusability process for the SSFP. To date the following have been delivered: (1) definitions of commonality and reuse, (2) a report on existing software reuse libraries and library management systems, (3) a report on reuse process and methodology gleaned from software reuse experts, and (4) a report on software attributes for measuring commonality and reusability. Three implementation alternatives for a repository of reusable components were identified: centralized at the SSE Development Facility (SSEDF), a distributed approach across the network of Software Production Facilities, and a directory approach. A number of findings from the reuse study and several reuse strategy considerations were presented.

Herman, Scott E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Validation of a unique concept for a low-cost, lightweight space-deployable antenna structure

An experiment conducted in the framework of a NASA In-Space Technology Experiments Program based on a concept of inflatable deployable structures is described. The concept utilizes very low inflation pressure to maintain the required geometry on orbit and gravity-induced deflection of the structure precludes any meaningful ground-based demonstrations of functions performance. The experiment is aimed at validating and characterizing the mechanical functional performance of a 14-m-diameter inflatable deployable reflector antenna structure in the orbital operational environment. Results of the experiment are expected to significantly reduce the user risk associated with using large space-deployable antennas by demonstrating the functional performance of a concept that meets the criteria for low-cost, lightweight, and highly reliable space-deployable structures.

Freeland, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Human-Computer Interaction with Medical Decisions Support Systems

Decision Support Systems (DSSs) have been available to medical diagnosticians for some time, yet their acceptance and use have not increased with advances in technology and availability of DSS tools. Medical DSSs will be necessary on future long duration space missions, because access to medical resources and personnel will be limited. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) experts at NASA's Human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory (HFEL) have been working toward understanding how humans use DSSs, with the goal of being able to identify and solve the problems associated with these systems. Work to date consists of identification of HCI research areas, development of a decision making model, and completion of two experiments dealing with 'anchoring'. Anchoring is a phenomenon in which the decision maker latches on to a starting point and does not make sufficient adjustments when new data are presented. HFEL personnel have replicated a well-known anchoring experiment and have investigated the effects of user level of knowledge. Future work includes further experimentation on level of knowledge, confidence in the source of information and sequential decision making.

Adolf, Jurine A.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Space Operations Training Concepts Benchmark Study (Training in a Continuous Operations Environment)

The NASA/USAF Benchmark Space Operations Training Concepts Study will perform a comparative analysis of the space operations training programs utilized by the United States Air Force Space Command with those utilized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The concentration of the study will be focused on Ground Controller/Flight Controller Training for the International Space Station Payload Program. The duration of the study is expected to be five months with report completion by 30 June 2002. The U.S. Air Force Space Command was chosen as the most likely candidate for this benchmark study because their experience in payload operations controller training and user interfaces compares favorably with the Payload Operations Integration Center's training and user interfaces. These similarities can be seen in the dynamics of missions/payloads, controller on-console requirements, and currency/proficiency challenges to name a few. It is expected that the report will look at the respective programs and investigate goals of each training program, unique training challenges posed by space operations ground controller environments, processes of setting up controller training programs, phases of controller training, methods of controller training, techniques to evaluate adequacy of controller knowledge and the training received, and approaches to training administration. The report will provide recommendations to the respective agencies based on the findings. Attached is a preliminary outline of the study. Following selection of participants and an approval to proceed, initial contact will be made with U.S. Air Force Space Command Directorate of Training to discuss steps to accomplish the study.

Johnston, Alan E.↗
NASA NTRS2001

The F-15B Propulsion Flight Test Fixture: A New Flight Facility For Propulsion Research

The design and development of the F-15B Propulsion Flight Test Fixture (PFTF), a new facility for propulsion flight research, is described. Mounted underneath an F-15B fuselage, the PFTF provides volume for experiment systems and attachment points for propulsion devices. A unique feature of the PFTF is the incorporation of a six-degree-of-freedom force balance. Three-axis forces and moments can be measured in flight for experiments mounted to the force balance. The NASA F-15B airplane is described, including its performance and capabilities as a research test bed aircraft. The detailed description of the PFTF includes the geometry, internal layout and volume, force-balance operation, available instrumentation, and allowable experiment size and weight. The aerodynamic, stability and control, and structural designs of the PFTF are discussed, including results from aerodynamic computational fluid dynamic calculations and structural analyses. Details of current and future propulsion flight experiments are discussed. Information about the integration of propulsion flight experiments is provided for the potential PFTF user.

Corda, Stephen↗
NASA NTRS2017

Earthdata Search Summer ESIP Usability Workshop

The Earthdata Search Client has undergone multiple rounds of usability testing during 2017 and the user feedback received has resulted in an enhanced user interface. This session will showcase the new Earthdata Search Client user interface and provide hands-on experience for participants to learn how to search, visualize and download data in the desired format.

Discovery↗
NASA NTRS2023

TRACER Lightning Mapping Array Field Campaign Report

Our observational contribution to the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) was the deployment of additional Lightning Mapping Array sensors to provide enhanced capability to the Houston Lightning Mapping Array (HLMA) during the TRACER intensive operational period. To that end, the Texas Tech University personnel (Professor Bruning and Dr. Brunner, and graduate students Jessica Souza, David Singewald, Stephanie Weiss, and Matthew Miller) deployed two portable LMA antennae at locations G and B shown in the map below. The map also shows the predicted lightning flash detection efficiency in black contours, as well as color-shaded very-high-frequency (VHF) source detection efficiency, which roughly corresponds to the sensitivity to lightning channel detail.

Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experimen↗
NASA NTRS2018

Human in the Loop Tests: Experiences in Space Suit Testing

What is a space suit? Space suit testing; How and why we test them; hardware design vs. user functionality; Data collection lessons learned; Challenges of objective and subjective data; Personal experience from 2 perspectives: test director and test subject

Ross, Amy J.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Online Visualization and Analysis of NASA Satellite-Based Global and Regional Precipitation Products Through Giovanni

Observational data are essential for Earth science research and applications. Traditional ground-based observations suffer from many limitations (e.g. costly deployment). As a result, data are often sparse and inconsistent, especially over vast oceans that cover nearly 71% of the Earth's surface, and for remote continents. Precipitation is one of the important physical parameters in the global hydrological cycle and other disciplines. Each year, severe floods and droughts happen in different parts of the world and cause significant damage to the economy, as well as human casualties (e.g. Hurricane Katrina, the Dust Bowl). Accurate and timely precipitation observations and predictions are important for research and applications. However, ground-based precipitation observations are quite limited, especially in remote and mountainous regions. Since the satellite era began, satellite-based precipitation products have gained popularity in Earth science research, applications, and education. Accessing satellite products can be a daunting task to many users, especially those who do not have prior experience or knowledge with satellite data. Recognizing this obstacle, the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences and Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), home to data archives for the NASA-JAXA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), has developed data services including an online visualization and analysis tool, Giovanni (the Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure), enabling users at different levels to access, explore, and evaluate NASA satellite-based data products without downloading either data and software, or requiring coding. Currently, global and regional precipitation products from different satellite missions (TRMM, GPM) and projects (e.g. the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2), and the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS)), ranging from half-hourly to monthly temporal resolution, are available in Giovanni. There are over 1900 variables in Giovanni, covering measurements in precipitation, hydrology, atmospheric dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, etc. In this poster presentation, we will provide a live demonstration of Giovanni and its latest development, including precipitation-related variables, and new basic features such as polar projections. The session will also provide a Q&A opportunity for attendees.

Giovanni↗
NASA NTRS2013

Software Method for Computed Tomography Cylinder Data Unwrapping, Re-slicing, and Analysis

A software method has been developed that is applicable for analyzing cylindrical and partially cylindrical objects inspected using computed tomography (CT). This method involves unwrapping and re-slicing data so that the CT data from the cylindrical object can be viewed as a series of 2D sheets (or flattened onion skins ) in addition to a series of top view slices and 3D volume rendering. The advantages of viewing the data in this fashion are as follows: (1) the use of standard and specialized image processing and analysis methods is facilitated having 2D array data versus a volume rendering; (2) accurate lateral dimensional analysis of flaws is possible in the unwrapped sheets versus volume rendering; (3) flaws in the part jump out at the inspector with the proper contrast expansion settings in the unwrapped sheets; and (4) it is much easier for the inspector to locate flaws in the unwrapped sheets versus top view slices for very thin cylinders. The method is fully automated and requires no input from the user except proper voxel dimension from the CT experiment and wall thickness of the part. The software is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions, and can be used with binary data (8- and 16-bit) and BMP type CT image sets. The software has memory (RAM) and hard-drive based modes. The advantage of the (64-bit) RAM-based mode is speed (and is very practical for users of 64-bit Windows operating systems and computers having 16 GB or more RAM). The advantage of the hard-drive based analysis is one can work with essentially unlimited-sized data sets. Separate windows are spawned for the unwrapped/re-sliced data view and any image processing interactive capability. Individual unwrapped images and un -wrapped image series can be saved in common image formats. More information is available at http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/OptInstr/ NDE_CT_CylinderUnwrapper.html.

Roth, Don J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

TDRSS Onboard Navigation System (TONS) experiment for the Explorer Platform (EP)

A TDRSS Onboard Navigation System (TONS) is currently being developed by NASA to provide a high-accuracy autonomous spacecraft navigation capability for users of TDRSS and its successor, the Advanced TDRSS. A TONS experiment will be performed in conjunction with the Explorer Platform (EP)/EUV Explorer mission to flight-qualify TONS Block I. This paper presents an overview of TDRSS on-board navigation goals and plans and the technical objectives of the TONS experiment. The operations concept of the experiment is described, including the characteristics of the ultrastable oscillator, the Doppler extractor, the signal-acquisition process, the TONS ground-support system, and the navigation flight software. A description of the on-board navigation algorithms and the rationale for their selection is also presented.

Gramling, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The application of NASTRAN at Sperry Univac Holland

Very divergent problems arising with different calculations indicate that NASTRAN is not always accessible for common use. Problems with engineering, modelling, and use of the program system are analysed and a way of solution is outlined. Related to this, some supplementary modifications are made at Sperry Univac Holland to facilitate the program for the less skilled user. The implementation of a new element also gives an insight into the use of NASTRAN at Sperry Univac Holland. As the users of Univac computers are from very different kinds of industries like shipbuilders, petrochemical industries, and building industries, the variety of problems coming from these users is very large. This variety results in experience not with one special kind of calculation nor one special kind of construction, but with a wide area of problems arising in the use of NASTRAN. These problems can roughly be divided into three different groups: (1) recognition of what is to be calculated and how, (2) construction of a model, and (3) handling the NASTRAN program. These are the basic problems for every less skilled user of NASTRAN and the Application/Research Department of Sperry Univac has to give reasonable answers to these questions.

Koopmans, G.↗