Prediction of vortex lift on interacting delta wings in incompressible flow
Previously cited in issue 06, p. 704, Accession no. A84-17904
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Previously cited in issue 06, p. 704, Accession no. A84-17904
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The flow around a thin elliptic cone at Mach number 2 and angle of attack 10 deg is simulated numerically, comparing the results obtained using a fine grid and the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations with those obtained using both coarse and fine grids and the Euler (E) equations. On the coarse grid, the E results are found to reproduce roughly the NS predictions of leading-edge separation and primary and secondary vortices on the leeward surface, but the E solution on the fine NS grid (showing no separation and a crossflow-shock-induced vorticity) reveals this agreement to be spurious. The fine-grid E prediction is shown to be a valid solution of the E equations, indicating their unsuitability as approximators of viscous flow. The imposition of a Kutta condition on the E computation is found to be ineffective in correcting this discrepancy.
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Calculations are presented for a 75-deg swept flat plate wing tested at a freestream Mach number of 1.95 and 10 degrees angle of attack. Good agreement is found between computational data and previous experimental pitot pressure measurements in the core of the vortex, suggesting that the total pressure losses predicted by the Euler equation solvers are not errors, but realistic predictions. Data suggest that the magnitude of the total pressure loss is related to the circumferential velocity field through the vortex, and that it increases with angle of attack and varies with Mach number and sweep angle.
The paper reports a flow-field investigation on a 7.52-percent scale model of an advanced fighter aircraft design conducted in the NASA-Langley 16-ft Transonic Tunnel. The effects of free-stream Mach number, angle-of-attack, angle of sideslip, and various vortex control devices on the local flow values were studied. The model was tested at Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 and the angles of sideslip of 0 and +/- 5 deg; the model angle-of-attack was varied from -4 to 30 deg. Results are presented in terms of contour plots of local total pressure recovery. The dominant influence on the over-wing flow field was found to be the wing leading-edge vortex which first appears in the survey region at an angle-of-attack of 8 deg and increases in strength and influence with increasing angle-of-attack, finally dominating the entire survey region at very high angles-of-attack.
Spanwise and tangential leading edge blowing as a means of controlling the position and strength of the leading edge vortices are studied by numerical solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The leading edge jet is simulated by defining a permeable boundary, corresponding to the jet slot, where suitable boundary conditions are implemented. Numerical results are shown to compare favorably with experimental measurements. It is found that the use of spanwise leading edge blowing at moderate angle of attack magnifies the size and strength of the leading edge vortices, and moves the vortex cores outboard and upward. The increase in lift primarily comes from the greater nonlinear vortex lift. However, spanwise blowing causes earlier vortex breakdown, thus decreasing the stall angle. The effects of tangential blowing at low to moderate angles of attack tend to reduce the pressure peaks associated with leading edge vortices and to increase the suction peak around the leading edge, so that the integrated value of the surface pressure remains about the same. Tangential leading edge blowing in post-stall conditions is shown to re-establish vortical flow and delay vortex bursting, thus increasing C sub L sub max and stall angle.
The final report for the research conducted under this grant (NAG1-641) are contained in the two documents attached as Apendices A and B. The first is the presentation made to NASA Langley personnel on 10 December, 1987, which gave a brief analysis of the experiments. The second is a copy of an AIAA paper given in June 1988, which describes in detail the test setup, data acquisition and reduction, and results obtained.
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A wind-tunnel pressure study was conducted on an axisymmetric missile configuration in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center. The Mach numbers ranged from 1.70 to 2.86 and the angles of attack ranged from minus 4 degrees to plus 24 degrees. The computational accuracy for limited conditions of a space-marching Euler code was assessed.