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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2006

Security Verification Techniques Applied to PatchLink COTS Software

Verification of the security of software artifacts is a challenging task. An integrated approach that combines verification techniques can increase the confidence in the security of software artifacts. Such an approach has been developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the University of California at Davis (UC Davis). Two security verification instruments were developed and then piloted on PatchLink's UNIX Agent, a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software product, to assess the value of the instruments and the approach. The two instruments are the Flexible Modeling Framework (FMF) -- a model-based verification instrument (JPL), and a Property-Based Tester (UC Davis). Security properties were formally specified for the COTS artifact and then verified using these instruments. The results were then reviewed to determine the effectiveness of the approach and the security of the COTS product.

patch↗

NASA NTRS2008

Gliding Experiments of the Wright Brothers: The Wrights and Flight Research 1899-1908

This viewgraph presentation reviews the Wright Brothers's flight research during the 10 years between 1899 and 1908. The Wright Brothers began their research in flight with gliders. The presentation shows pictures, replicas and characteristics of the gliders that the Wright Brothers used. This presentation is not just a history lesson. In the end it investigates "What Does Flight Research Accomplish?" Flight research can serve many uses, such as Separates the Real from the Imagined, Uncovers the Unexpected and the Overlooked, Forces the Realistic Integration of the Pilot, Forces the Development of Reliable Prediction and Test Processes, Requires Every Problem to Be Addressed, Promotes Technology Transfer, and Builds a Core Technical Team,

Bowers, Al↗

NASA NTRS2017

Helicopter Flight Procedures for Community Noise Reduction

A computationally efficient, semiempirical noise model suitable for maneuvering flight noise prediction is used to evaluate the community noise impact of practical variations on several helicopter flight procedures typical of normal operations. Turns, "quick-stops," approaches, climbs, and combinations of these maneuvers are assessed. Relatively small variations in flight procedures are shown to cause significant changes to Sound Exposure Levels over a wide area. Guidelines are developed for helicopter pilots intended to provide effective strategies for reducing the negative effects of helicopter noise on the community. Finally, direct optimization of flight trajectories is conducted to identify low noise optimal flight procedures and quantify the magnitude of community noise reductions that can be obtained through tailored helicopter flight procedures. Physically realizable optimal turns and approaches are identified that achieve global noise reductions of as much as 10 dBA Sound Exposure Level.

Greenwood, Eric↗

NASA NTRS2017

Natural Language Based Multimodal Interface for UAV Mission Planning

As the number of viable applications for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems increases at an exponential rate, interfaces that reduce the reliance on highly skilled engineers and pilots must be developed. Recent work aims to make use of common human communication modalities such as speech and gesture. This paper explores a multimodal natural language interface that uses a combination of speech and gesture input modalities to build complex UAV flight paths by defining trajectory segment primitives. Gesture inputs are used to define the general shape of a segment while speech inputs provide additional geometric information needed to fully characterize a trajectory segment. A user study is conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of the multimodal interface.

Chandarana, Meghan↗

NASA NTRS2000

Automatic Generation of Test Oracles - From Pilot Studies to Application

We describe a progression from pilot studies to development and use of domain-specific verification and validation (V&V) automation. Our domain is the testing of an AI planning system that forms a key component of an autonomous spacecraft.

testing↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Characterization of Volatiles from Simulated Lunar Highland Melts Under Vacuum

As part of the Artemis program that returns humans to the Moon for sustained presence, the in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) pilot plant is developing hardware to test systems in relevant lunar environments. As this evolves, the ever-growing field of interest requires in-depth understanding of the environment for operations. Lunar regolith contains compounds that can be harvested as resources such as fuel, or life support and construction feedstocks. Therefore, this necessitates an understanding of its constituents and processed by-products under some of the extreme conditions imposed for resource extraction.

Oxygen Extraction↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Characterization of Volatiles from Simulated Lunar Highland Melts Under Vacuum

Oxygen Extraction↗

NASA NTRS2023

Digital Engineering Design Center (DEDC): Modelling an ISRU System

The DEDC provides immersive project-based learning on digital engineering toolsets and processes supporting NASA’s digital transformation goals: - Digital Engineering uses authoritative sources of systems' data and models as a continuum across disciplines to support integrated digital approach life cycle activities from concept through disposal. - The digital environment provided includes the state-of-the-art digital engineering suite, Siemens Xcelerator. The pilot project is developing an end-to-end integrated model of an In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) system for commodities production: - ISRU uses local resources to provide mission consumables to enable a sustainable Moon or Mars surface presence. - The final digital twin product will include a methanation reactor, condenser, and electrolyzer subsystem.

Digital Engineering Design Center↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

ExMC Systems Engineering Developments

The Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element within the Human Research Program (HRP) applies systems engineering (SE) principles along with the use of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tools to identify and communicate the requirements for medical and crew health and performance (CHP) systems. In the past fiscal year, the MBSE approach sought to advance the digital engineering toolset for medical and CHP system representation. These digital artifacts provide enhanced views of the relationships among requirements, standards, functions, and capabilities, to name a few, that is best suited for a user’s objectives. The MBSE tools and SE practices were applied to the development of the revised Earth Independent Medical Operations (EIMO) medical system and the Artemis III and IV CHP System models. In addition, a System of Systems concept was integrated into the EIMO model to facilitate the identification of system interfaces that interact with the medical system. Finally, the ExMC SE team has initiated several efforts to bring operationally relevant digital engineering practices to the Human Health and Performance Directorate (HHPD). This included the development of a pilot program within the directorate to help foster utilization of tools such as MagicDraw for system modeling and Power BI for visualizing extracted data in an easily accessible dashboard format. Additionally, with the increase in complexity of the integration effort for Artemis missions, ExMC has endeavored to bring digital engineering strategies to potentially increase efficiency in review processes. This talk will provide a high-level overview of the ExMC SE team accomplishments since the last Investigators’ Workshop, an introduction to upcoming SE talks, and the ongoing systems engineering work.

systems engineering↗

DOE OSTI2017

Overview and Systems Studies of Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles

<span>This seminar discusses both indirect and direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles, briefly reviews the status of pilot plants under development for each of these cycles, and discusses NETL’s systems studies of coal-fueled commercial-scale sCO2 plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS).  Indirect sCO2 systems studied include an oxy-fired circulating fluidized bed heat source coupled to various sCO2 power cycles.  The direct-fired sCO2 cycle design is thermally integrated with a Shell gasifier to efficiently burn syngas within the oxy-combustor of the sCO2 cycle.  The performance and cost analyses of these plants are discussed, as well as comparisons to alternative cycles with CCS.  Results show that coal-fueled sCO2 plants of either type can exceed 40% HHV plant efficiency with CCS, and have a reduced cost of electricity relative to other cycles.  Other cycle configurations that offer further improvements in plant performance and cost-effectiveness are also discussed.</span>

Weiland, Nathan↗

DOE OSTI2019

ICAST Solar Projects Case Study

ICAST (International Center for Appropriate and Sustainable Technology) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit social enterprise that has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) to implement a ~$2 Million initiative to overcome the hurdles of deploying solar energy for low-income populations. The project will develop, coordinate, and pilot a new approach that partners with local utilities, affordable multifamily housing (MFAH) owners, investors, and other stakeholders, to create a utility-scale program that aggregates demand from MFAH properties into a solar project for the utility to own and manage. This case study is an overview of recent solar efforts by ICAST to inform the current SETO project.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2021

Insights from PPL's DERMS Implementation

PPL Electric Utilities’ Keystone Solar Future Project (KSFP) is part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewables, Energy Enabling Extreme Real-time Grid Integration of Solar Energy (ENERGISE) grant. The three-year project, beginning in October, 2017, funded an innovative pilot program to develop and evaluate a technology platform and framework for managing high levels of distributed energy resources (DER), and improving future DER interconnection. The KSFP aimed to bridge gaps between existing and future technology, including Distributed Energy Resource Management Systems (DERMS), by monitoring, managing, and optimizing a system with high penetration of solar and other DER. Specifically, the project worked to make Demand Management Systems (DMS) applications, devices, and real-time communications technology DER-aware to allow for advanced applications for utility operations. Here, by installing and implementing a DERMS, project designers transformed how DERs interact with PPL’s distribution system, offering learnings and results worth sharing industry-wide.

Leader, Jared↗

DOE OSTI2020

Artificial Intelligence Application to D and D - 20492

As aging facilities across the DOE complex await decommissioning, there is an ongoing need to understand any changes in the structural conditions. Many of these facilities were built over 50 years ago and, in some cases, these facilities have gone beyond the expected operational lifetime. Many facilities have been placed in a state of 'cold and dark,' sitting unused and awaiting decommissioning. Especially challenging are the aging facilities that provide unique operational/production capabilities to support critical DOE missions and cannot be shut down. In any of these scenarios, the structural integrity of these facilities may become compromised as time passes. It is critical that adequate inspections be performed on a continual basis and that the data collected undergoes sufficient analysis to support timely identification of any new or worsening structural issues as well as prompt needed maintenance and repairs to maintain the facilities in a safe condition. In recent days, Artificial Intelligence (AI) [1] and its application to various domains are growing at fast speed. FIU is performing research in this area and exploring the associated technologies to solve nuclear decommissioning problems. Artificial intelligence refers to the capability of a program to autonomously act, react and adapt to the working environment. AI enables the machine to behave like humans and perform the cognitive functions such as 'learning' and 'problem solving'. AI systems gradually moving from traditional approaches (algorithms and expert systems) towards more efficient and advanced technologies (machine learning [1] and deep learning [2] [3]). AI is the study of algorithms and statistical models that is being used by computers to perform specific tasks without using explicit instructions. FIU is working to develop a pilot-scale infrastructure to implement structural health monitoring using AI technologies with focus on machine learning, deep learning. This research is focused on Computer Vision/Image Classification area of AI applications. This can also be expanded to other areas of AI related to Object Recognition and Character Recognition in images. In addition to utilizing existing data sets, FIU will collect and investigate image and video data using FIU test-bed mockups to monitor structural health of the facility. Resulting data will be processed and analyzed using machine learning/deep learning technologies. The proposed pilot system is intended to serve as a starting point to engage the DOE field sites on related data sets and their decision making needs. It is anticipated that proposed machine learning/deep learning technologies can be effectively employed using anomaly detection to solve EM challenges in surveillance and maintenance of the D and D facilities. FIU will work with research stakeholders to identify applications at various sites and other DOE facilities. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

NASA NTRS1985

Users guide: The LaRC human-operator-simulator-based pilot model

A Human Operator Simulator (HOS) based pilot model has been developed for use at NASA LaRC for analysis of flight management problems. The model is currently configured to simulate piloted flight of an advanced transport airplane. The generic HOS operator and machine model was originally developed under U.S. Navy sponsorship by Analytics, Inc. and through a contract with LaRC was configured to represent a pilot flying a transport airplane. A version of the HOS program runs in batch mode on LaRC's (60-bit-word) central computer system. This document provides a guide for using the program and describes in some detail the assortment of files used during its operation.

Bogart, E. H.↗

NASA NTRS1977

An approach to the multi-axis problem in manual control

The multiaxis control problem is addressed within the context of the optimal pilot model. The problem is developed to provide efficient adaptation of the optimal pilot model to complex aircraft systems and real world, multiaxis tasks. This is accomplished by establishing separability of the longitudinal and lateral control problems subject to the constraints of multiaxis attention and control allocation. Control solution adaptation to the constrained single axis attention allocations is provided by an optimal control frequency response algorithm. An algorithm is developed to solve the multiaxis control problem. The algorithm is then applied to an attitude hold task for a bare airframe fighter aircraft case with interesting multiaxis properties.

Harrington, W. W.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Automated pilot advisory system test and evaluation at Manassas Municipal Airport

In cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA developed an experimental automated pilot advisory system (APAS) to provide airport and air traffic advisories at high density uncontrolled airports. The APAS concept is to utilize low cost automated systems to provide the necessary information for pilots to more safely plan and execute approach and landing at uncontrolled high density airports. The system is designed to be a natural extension of the procedural visual flight rules system used at uncontrolled airports and, as an advisory system, will enhance the "see-and-be-seen" rule and an evaluation of the APAS concept was obtained from pilots who used the system at the Manassas, Virginia airport. These evaluations and the system performance are presented.

Parks, J. L., Jr.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Experimental Investigation of a Piloted, Natural Gas-Air Rotating Detonation Wave Combustor

Development and experimental investigation of a piloted, rotating detonation wave combustor (RDWC) designed for natural gas and air propellants is presented in the current paper. The pilot stage was designed to operate with natural gas and oxygen to extend the main stage RDWC range of operability, control its dynamics, and scale the system thermal power. The main chamber can operate with oxygen enrichment across a range of oxygen mass fraction in oxidizer flow of 23.2% (air) to 35%. An annular sting design for natural gas injection was chosen for the main stage of the RDWC to both minimize injection distance and provide modularity in injector design for future testing. Initial experiments were performed with the main chamber operating without the pilot at high pressure (10 atm) and air preheat temperatures up to 650 K. High- and low-frequency pressure measurements are analyzed to understand performance and chamber dynamics. While high-amplitude chamber dynamics with p0=pc = 60% were observed in preliminary experiments, stable detonative behavior in the main chamber has not yet been demonstrated, and further testing must be completed to define RDWC operability range before adding pilot stage operation.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Community Input on the Need, Scope, and Development Roadmap of a Proposed National Virtual Biosecurity for Bioenergy Crops Center (NVBBCC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was awarded a pilot project in FY22 under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Biopreparedness Research Virtual Environment (BRaVE) initiative, to define research priorities, needs, and requirements for a national virtual center devoted to the biosecurity of bioenergy crops. The mission of the proposed center, referred to as the National Virtual Biosecurity for Bioenergy Crop Center (NVBBCC), would be to provide the scientific basis and tools to detect, characterize, model, and mitigate biothreats to bioenergy crops. This function will be essential to ensure the projected increased US reliance over the next few decades on key plant-based energy products, such as biojet fuel. The NVBBCC is envisioned as a distributed, virtual center with multiple national laboratories at its core to maximize the use of existing unique facilities and expertise across the DOE complex. A major goal of the pilot project was to develop a roadmap for establishing NVBBCC through a series of meetings to gather community input. A total of about 150 individuals, drawn from DOE laboratories, the USDA, academia, NIH, DHS and the private sector participated in six planning meetings held in FY23. Four of the meetings were focused on specific research topics (disease detection, dispersion and disease propagation, biomolecular characterization of plant-pathogen interaction, and mitigation strategies). These four meetings were followed by a meeting that focused on computational needs to support collaborative, data-intensive research within a distributed center as well as workforce development. A final meeting focused on establishing and maintaining preparedness within NVBBCC to respond to an emerging disease within bioenergy crops and how it would collaborate and coordinate with USDA and DHS.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗