THz Electronics
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submillimeter wave technology mixer↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A 60 GHz Planar Frequency Multiplier Feed on a Silicon Dielectric-Filled Parabola
A novel all-planar quasi-optical schottky varactor diode frequency doubler has been fabricated and has produced more than 1 mW of output power at 600 GHz with an approximately 2 percent conversion efficiency.
waveguide-post↗
Performance of an SIS Receiver Over 460 GHz to 640 GHz Using Submicron Nb Junctions with Integrated RF Tuning Circuits
This paper describes a receiver for radioastronomy applications in the 460 ??0-GHz range.
superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) subm↗
Antenna-coupled superconducting hot-electron detectors
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hot-electron transition-edge sensor submillimeter ↗
Capability of THz sources based on Schottky diode frequency multiplier chains
We have developed and tesed a number of fixed-tuned GaAs Schottky diode frequency doubler and tripler designs covering over 50 percent of the 100 - 2000 GHz band, with best measured 120 K peak efficiencies ranging from 39 percent for 190 GHz doubler to 0.94 percent for a 1800 GHz tripler.
local oscillator↗
Tunable all-solid-state local oscillators to 1900 GHz
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Schottky diode↗
Terahertz Waveguide Standards
A viewgraph presentation on terahertz waveguide standards is shown. The topics include: 1) Why new standards are needed; 2) Rectangular waveguide sizes; and 3) Waveguide flanges
submillimeter wave waveguides↗
A 260-340 GHz Dual Chip Frequency Tripler for THz Frequency Multiplier Chains
We designed and fabricated a fix-tuned balanced frequency tripler working in the 260-340 GHz band to be the first stage of a x3x3x3 multiplier chain to 2.7 THz. The design of a dual-chip version of this multiplier featuring an input splitter / output combiner as part of the input / output matching networks of both chips - with no degradation of the expected bandwidth and efficiency- will be presented.
Schottky diodes↗
Tunable All-Solid-State Local Oscillators to 1900 GHz
We present a status report of an ongoing effort to develop robust tunable all-solid-state sources up to 1900 GHz for the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) on the Herschel Space Observatory. GaAs based multi-chip power amplifier modules at W-band are used to drive cascaded chains of multipliers. We have demonstrated performance from chains comprised of four doublers up to 1600 GHz as well as from a x2x3x3 chain to 1900 GHz. Measured peak output power of 23 (micro)W at 1782 GHz and 2.6 (micro)W at 1900 GHz has been achieved when the multipliers are cooled to 120K. The 1900 GHz tripler was pumped with a four anode tripler that produces a peak of 4 mW at 630 GHz when cooled to 120 K. We believe that these sources can now be used to pump hot electron bolometer (HEB) heterodyne mixers.ter (HEB) heterodyne mixers.
local oscillator↗
THz Hot-Electron Photon Counter
We present a concept for the hot-electron transition-edge sensor capable of counting THz photons. The main need for such a sensor is a spectroscopy on future space telescopes where a background limited NEP approx. 10(exp -20) W/H(exp 1/2) is expected at around 1 THz. Under these conditions, the rate of photon arrival is very low and any currently imaginable detector with sufficient sensitivity will operate in the photon counting mode. The Hot-Electron Photon Counter based on a submicron-size Ti bridge has a very low heat capacity which provides a high enough energy resolution (approx.140 GHz) at 0.3 K. With the sensor time constant of a few microseconds, the dynamic range would be approx. 30 dB. The sensor couples to radiation via a planar antenna and is read by a SQUID amplifier or by a 1-bit RSFQ ADC. A compact array of the antenna-coupled counters can be fabricated on a silicon wafer without membranes.
radiation detectors↗
324GHz CMOS VCO Using Linear Superimposition Technique
Terahertz (frequencies ranged from 300GHz to 3THz) imaging and spectroscopic systems have drawn increasing attention recently due to their unique capabilities in detecting and possibly analyzing concealed objects. The generation of terahertz signals is nonetheless nontrivial and traditionally accomplished by using either free-electron radiation, optical lasers, Gunn diodes or fundamental oscillation by using III-V based HBT/HEMT technology[1-3]... We have substantially extended the operation range of deep-scaled CMOS by using a linear superimposition method, in which we have realized a 324GHz VCO in 90nm digital CMOS with 4GHz tuning range under 1V supply voltage. This may also pave the way for ultra-high data rate wireless communications beyond that of IEEE 802.15.3c and reach data rates comparable to that of fiber optical communications, such as OC768 (40Gbps) and beyond.
voltage controlled oscillators (VCO)↗
An Ultrasensitive Hot-Electron Bolometer for Low-Background SMM Applications
We are developing a hot-electron superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) that is capable of counting THz photons and operates at T = 0.3K. The main driver for this work is moderate resolution spectroscopy (R approx. 1000) on the future space telescopes with cryogenically cooled (approx. 4 K) mirrors. The detectors for these telescopes must be background-limited with a noise equivalent power (NEP) approx. 10(exp -19)-10(exp -20) W/Hz(sup 1/2) over the range v = 0.3-10 THz. Above about 1 THz, the background photon arrival rate is expected to be approx. 10-100/s), and photon counting detectors may be preferable to an integrating type. We fabricated superconducting Ti nanosensors with a volume of approx. 3x10(exp -3) cubic microns on planar substrate and have measured the thermal conductance G to the thermal bath. A very low G = 4x10(exp -14) W/K, measured at 0.3 K, is due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in the material and the thermal isolation provided by superconducting Nb contacts. This low G corresponds to NEP(0.3K) = 3x10(exp -19) W/Hz(sup 1/2). This Hot-Electron Direct Detector (HEDD) is expected to have a sufficient energy resolution for detecting individual photons with v > 0.3 THz at 0.3 K. With the sensor time constant of a few microseconds, the dynamic range is approx. 50 dB.
bolometers↗
The Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS) on the Aura Satellite
The Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder measures several atmospheric chemical species (OH, HO2, H2O, O3, HCl, ClO, HOCl, BrO, HNO3, N2O, CO, HCN, CH3CN, volcanic SO2), cloud ice, temperature, and geopotential height to improve our understanding of stratospheric ozone chemistry, the interaction of composition and climate, and pollution in the upper troposphere. All measurements are made simultaneously and continuously, during both day and night. The instrument uses heterodyne radiometers that observe thermal emission from the atmospheric limb in broad spectral regions centered near 118, 190, 240, and 640 GHz, and 2.5 THz. It was launched July 15, 2004 on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite and started full-up science operations on August 13, 2004. An atmospheric limb scan and radiometric calibration for all bands are performed routinely every 25 s. Vertical profiles are retrieved every 165 km along the suborbital track, covering 82 S to 82 N latitudes on each orbit. Instrument performance to date has been excellent; data have been made publicly available; and initial science results have been obtained.
submillimeter wave↗
A 2.5-2.7 THz Room Temperature Electronic Source
We report on a room temperature 2.5 to 2.7 THz electronic source based on frequency multipliers. The source utilizes a cascade of three frequency multipliers with W-band power amplifiers driving the first stage multiplier. Multiple-chip multipliers are utilized for the two initial stages to improve the power handling capability and a sub-micron anode is utilized for the final stage tripler. Room temperature measurements indicate that the source can put out a peak power of about 14 microwatts with more than 4 microwatts in the 2.5 to 2.7 THz range.
Varactor diodes↗
THz Imaging Radar: Technology Development for Multi-Pixel Multi-Color Architectures
No abstract available
imaging arrays↗
Overview of the Design, Fabrication and Performance Requirements of Micro-Spec, an Integrated Submillimeter Spectrometer
Micro-Spec is a compact submillimeter (350-700 GHz) spectrometer which uses low loss superconducting niobium microstrip transmission lines and a single-crystal silicon dielectric to integrate all of the components of a grating-analog spectrometer onto a single chip. Here we present details of the fabrication and design of a prototype Micro-Spec spectrometer with resolution, R64, where we use a high-yield single-flip wafer bonding process to realize instrument components on a 0.45 m single-crystal silicon dielectric. We discuss some of the electromagnetic design concerns (such as loss, stray-light, cross-talk, and fabrication tolerances) for each of the spectrometer components and their integration into the instrument as a whole. These components include a slot antenna with a silicon lens for optical coupling, a phase delay transmission line network, parallel plate waveguide interference region, and aluminum microstrip transmission line kinetic inductance detectors with extremely low cross-talk and immunity to stray light. We have demonstrated this prototype spectrometer with design resolution of R64. Given the optical performance of this prototype, we will also discuss the extension of this design to higher resolutions suitable for balloon-flight.
spectrometer↗