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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Hard–Soft Core–Shell Architecture Formation from Cubic Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

Cubic bi-magnetic hard–soft core–shell nanoarchitectures were prepared starting from cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, prevalently with cubic shape, as seeds to grow a manganese ferrite shell. The combined use of direct (nanoscale chemical mapping via STEM-EDX) and indirect (DC magnetometry) tools was adopted to verify the formation of the heterostructures at the nanoscale and bulk level, respectively. The results showed the obtainment of core–shell NPs (CoFe 2 O 4 @MnFe 2 O 4 ) with a thin shell (heterogenous nucleation). In addition, manganese ferrite was found to homogeneously nucleate to form a secondary nanoparticle population (homogenous nucleation). This study shed light on the competitive formation mechanism of homogenous and heterogenous nucleation, suggesting the existence of a critical size, beyond which, phase separation occurs and seeds are no longer available in the reaction medium for heterogenous nucleation. These findings may allow one to tailor the synthesis process in order to achieve better control of the materials’ features affecting the magnetic behaviour, and consequently, the performances as heat mediators or components for data storage devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Membrane Nanomaterials Technology for Renewable Energy and Desalination

Development of nanostructures, interfaces and surface functionalities in advanced membrane materials are important to the membrane separation performances (molecular transport flux, separation selectivity, durability and long-term stability). Supported thin-layer hybrid material membranes represent a class of high-flux membranes when fast-transporting building-block interfaces and chemistry are introduced into the layer of cross-linked polymer and/or graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Both nanoscale engineering of nanostructure (such as GO dimension, interspacing, orientation and connectivity) and molecular engineering of the cross linking and functionality (such as sulfonic acid site) matter to the membrane layer performance. Fast water-transporting membrane is an example with many applications such as in biofuel and bioproduct processing, in water treatment & desalination and in energy storage devices such as super capacitors. The speaker will highlight some recent year’s research on the advanced membrane materials synthesis on superhydrophobic porous membranes, superhydrophilic polymer membranes and hybrid membranes with graphene oxide sheet assembly crosslinked or dispersed into the polymer coating materials. In addition, a solar-driven membrane desalination concept will be discussed as one example application for superhydrophobic porous nanomaterials.

Hu, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2019

Data movement engine

A memory system of a data processing system includes one or more storage devices and a data rearrangement engine for moving data between memory regions of the plurality of memory regions. The data rearrangement engine is configured to rearrange data stored at non-contiguous addresses in a source memory region into contiguous address in a destination region responsive to a rearrangement specified by a host processing unit of the data processing system. A description of the rearranged data is maintained in a metadata memory region. Rearranged data may be accessed by one or more host processing units. Write-back of data from the destination to the source region may be reduced by use of Bloom filter or the like.

Beard, Jonathan Curtis↗
DOE OSTI2019

Low cost rechargeable battery and the method for making the same

Low-cost electrochemical energy storage devices having electrochemical cells containing zinc electrodes in aqueous electrolytes, which exhibit superior cycle performance, preferably comprise the following elements: (a) a cathode formed of manganese dioxide particles, preferably doped with at least one of magnesium, strontium, barium, calcium, and lanthanum, wherein the manganese dioxide particles preferably form at least one of (1) a delta manganese dioxide structure and (2) a todokorite manganese dioxide structure; (b) an anode formed of particles comprising zinc, wherein the particles are preferably treated with at least one of bismuth, indium, gallium, antimony, and tin; (c) a mixed ion electrolyte solution with a pH greater than or equal to three and less than or equal to seven, wherein the solution preferably comprises at least one monovalent salt and at least one divalent salt; and (d) a mesh as cathode current collector comprising at least one of titanium, stainless steel, tantalum, and niobium, wherein the mesh is preferably coated by an electrically conductive and yet oxidation resistant material comprising but not limited to carbon.

Li, Lin-Feng↗
DOE OSTI2019

Solid polymer electrolyte composition

A polymer electrolyte composition includes a hard polymer segment covalently bound to an ionically-conducting segment, and a salt that includes an element M selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, zinc, and aluminum. The hard polymer segment has a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than or equal to 110° C., or a melting temperature (Tm) greater than 110° C. The ionically-conducting segment has a molecular weight of 800 to 10,000 g/mol. The polymer electrolyte composition has an ionic conductivity for an M ion greater than or equal to 1×10−8 S/cm at 25° C. Methods for the preparation of the polymer electrolyte composition are also provided, as are articles (e.g., electrochemical cells and energy storage devices) that contain the polymer electrolyte composition.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Orchestrating Fault Prediction with Live Migration and Checkpointing

Checkpoint/Restart (C/R) is widely used to provide fault tolerance on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. However, Parallel File System (PFS) overhead and failure uncertainty cause significant application overhead. This paper develops an adaptive multi-level C/R model that incorporates a failure prediction and analysis model, which orchestrates failure prediction, checkpointing, checkpoint frequency, and proactive live migration along with the additional benefit of Burst Buffers (BB). It effectively reduces the overheads due to failures, checkpointing, and recovery. Simulation results for the Summit supercomputer yield a reduction of ~20%-86% in application overhead due to BBs, orchestrated failure prediction, and migration. We also observe a ~29% decrease in checkpoint writes to BBs, which can increase the longevity of the BB storage devices.

Behera, Subhendu↗
DOE OSTI2020

Residential Battery Modeling for Control-Oriented Techno-Economic Studies: Preprint

Electrochemical batteries, which serve as electric energy storage devices, are becoming increasingly popular among residential buildings that incorporate solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to help meet their energy needs. Battery economics are affected by performance degradation over time, and managing this degradation can help extend the battery's lifespan. The tradeoff between operational costs/benefits and managing battery degradation is of significant research interest. One of the key factors for assessing battery degradation is the dispatch strategy used to control the charging and discharging of the battery. Conventional dispatch strategies typically use simple rule-based methods, and these overly aggressive charging/discharging cycles can significantly reduce a battery’s life span. Our research seeks to develop optimized dispatch strategies for grid-connected PV homes with a goal of extending battery life while simultaneously taking into consideration utility costs and occupant comfort. To achieve this goal, we adapted lithium-ion battery life- and cyclic-degradation models for use in high-fidelity building simulations, so whole-building and grid-interactive controllers can dispatch the batteries along with other flexible loads. With the help of a co-simulation platform, we performed a simulation study to compute the optimized dispatch strategies for relevant operating conditions brought about by changing geographical locations, weather conditions, and utility pricing. Comparing the optimized strategies with the conventional strategies resulted in a >50% decrease in capacity degradation and >10% average reduction in operational costs during the months of January and July in Fort Collins, Colorado; Phoenix, Arizona; and Portland, Oregon.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resilient Operation of Power Distribution Systems Using MPC-Based Critical Service Restoration: Preprint

Power distribution systems are more prone to disruptions and cause most power system outages. We propose a service restoration technique to recover the system service (electricity delivery) following an extreme event-triggered substation outage. The proposed technique considers the problem of controlling distributed energy resources (DERs) of a distribution system with the objective of achieving maximum load pick up while satisfying network flow and voltage constraints. The problem is formulated as a model predictive control (MPC), where a linearized optimal power flow (OPF) model is employed to describe the network. The formulation is augmented with a ramping (up) reserve product for the DERs to ensure an upward monotonic load restoration as time evolves. We perform simulations considering the IEEE 13-bus test feeder integrated with wind, solar, microturbine, and energy storage devices. We demonstrate the efficacy of the devised technique in restoring the system loads monotonically, without shedding previously restored loads. We also show the benefit of co-optimization of power and reserve products for DERs on service restoration. In addition, the capability of the technique in regulating nodal voltages and reducing renewable power curtailment is demonstrated.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resilient Operation of Power Distribution Systems Using MPC-Based Critical Service Restoration

Power distribution systems are more prone to disruptions and cause most power system outages. We propose a service restoration technique to recover the system service (electricity delivery) following an extreme event-triggered substation outage. The proposed technique considers the problem of controlling distributed energy resources (DERs) of a distribution system with the objective of achieving maximum load pick up while satisfying network flow and voltage constraints. The problem is formulated as a model predictive control (MPC), where a linearized optimal power flow (OPF) model is employed to describe the network. The formulation is augmented with a ramping (up) reserve product for the DERs to ensure an upward monotonic load restoration as time evolves. We perform simulations considering the IEEE 13-bus test feeder integrated with wind, solar, microturbine, and energy storage devices. We demonstrate the efficacy of the devised technique in restoring the system loads monotonically, without shedding previously restored loads. We also show the benefit of co-optimization of power and reserve products for DERs on service restoration. In addition, the capability of the technique in regulating nodal voltages and reducing renewable power curtailment is demonstrated.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Implementation and Evaluation of IEC 61850-based Distributed Control System for Microgrid Applications

This paper presents a resilient, modular and scalable distributed control architecture for microgrid systems which uses distributed agents controlling individual loads, network switches, generators or storage devices to provide intelligent power management and efficient microgrid operation. The communication between the distributed agents is realized by implementing IEC 61850 data models and GOOSE messages. The data models include state representation, measurements at various points, and dispatch requests for reliable operation of microgrid control system. System resiliency is enhanced through implementing distributed agent architecture with no single point of failure.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Arrangements for communicating data in a computing system using multiple processors

Systems and methods for reducing data movement in a computer system. The systems and methods use information or knowledge about the structure of an algorithm, operations to be executed at a receiving processing unit, variables or subsets or groups of variables in a distributed algorithm, or other forms of contextual information, for reducing the number of bits transmitted from at least one transmitting processing unit to at least one receiving processing unit or storage device.

Gonzalez, Juan Guillermo↗
DOE OSTI2022

Tunable and reconfigurable atomically thin heterostructures

Heterocrystals of metal dichalcogenides and Bi 2 S 3 , Bi 2 Se 3 or Bi 2 Te 3 are presented, in which the metal dichalcogenides and Bi 2 S 3 , Bi 2 Se 3 or Bi 2 Te 3 do not largely retain their independent properties. These heterocrystals exhibit electronic and optical changes, which make them attractive for beyond-silicon electronics and optoelectronics. Particularly, these heterocrystals can be re-configured in a manner that allows bit writing and pattern drawing. Embodiments of these heterocrystals, methods of forming these heterocrystals, methods of reconfiguring the heterocrystals, information storage devices, optoelectronic circuits and photonic crystals are presented.

Vargas, Anthony↗
DOE OSTI2022

Flexible allocation of energy storage in power grids

Methods and apparatus provide flexible allocation and regulation of scheduled energy transfers between energy storage devices (“batteries”) and a power grid. Piecewise mappings having at least one sloping segment enable gradual variations in scheduled energy transfers as cleared values of a medium of energy exchange deviate from predicted values of the medium of energy exchange. Thereby deviations from a battery's predicted energy transfer schedule can be reduced, and overall smoother operation of a power grid can be achieved. Two sloping linear segments can be separated by a dead band, a portion of the mapping in which the scheduled energy transfer amount is invariant. A dead zone can increase the likelihood of a battery meeting its predicted schedule.

Bhattarai, Bishnu P.↗
DOE OSTI2022

3D-printed electrode, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) for fuel cell applications

An electrocatalytically active ink composition is used with an additive manufacturing process, such as 3D printing, to produce electrodes having consistent, adaptable, and high surface area structures. The electrocatalytically active ink composition includes a mixed powdered precursor and a polymer matrix. The mixed powdered precursor includes a carbon source, a dopant source, and/or a metal-containing catalyst. The material and electrochemical properties of the ink composition may facilitate 3D printing of electrochemically active electrodes for energy conversion and storage devices, and may allow fine-tuning of macro- and microstructures to develop electrodes having improved activity and efficiency.

Lee, Kwan-Soo↗
DOE OSTI2022

Battery electrode coatings applied by waterborne electrodeposition

The present invention is directed towards an electrodepositable coating composition comprising (a) a fluoropolymer; (b) an electrochemically active material and/or electrically conductive agent; (c) a pH-dependent rheology modifier; and (d) an aqueous medium comprising water; wherein water is present in an amount of at least 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrodepositable coating composition. Also disclosed herein is a method of coating a substrate, as well as coated substrates and electrical storage devices.

Oakes, Landon J.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Method of coating an electrical current collector and electrodes resulting therefrom

The present invention is directed to a method of coating an electrical current collector comprising treating a portion of a surface of the electrical current collector with an adhesion promoting composition to deposit a treatment layer over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein the resulting surface of the electrical current collector comprises (a) a treated portion comprising the treatment layer and (b) a non-treated portion that lacks the treatment layer; electrodepositing an electrodeposited coating layer from an electrodepositable coating composition onto the surface of the electrical current collector to form a coated electrical current collector; and rinsing the coated electrical current collector, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer substantially adheres to the treated portion of the surface and does not adhere to the non-treated portion of the surface. Also disclosed are electrodes and electrical storage devices.

Oakes, Landon J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electrodepositable battery electrode coating compositions having coated active particles

The present invention is directed towards an electrodepositable coating composition comprising an electrochemically active material comprising a protective coating; an electrodepositable binder; and an aqueous medium. Also disclosed herein is a method of coating a substrate, as well as coated substrates and electrical storage devices.

Oakes, Landon J.↗